Background: Since 2004, the number of installed Automated External Defibrillator (AED) has been increased in Japan annually, the cumulative number of sold AED more than 600,000 units by 2016. Despite there have been a...Background: Since 2004, the number of installed Automated External Defibrillator (AED) has been increased in Japan annually, the cumulative number of sold AED more than 600,000 units by 2016. Despite there have been about 130,000 out of hospital cardiac arrest annually, there have only 1302 cases delivered defibrillation by bystanders at the scene. Therefore, we investigate that number of AED installation and usage rate for Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) patients. Methods: Retrospective metropolitan wide cohort study. Subject: Total 13,364 OHCA patients in the Tokyo Metropolitan area from Jan. 1 through Dec. 31 in 2012 were eligible for theses analyses. Also, OHCA occurrence place and AED usage rate were studied. Results: 82.8% of OHCA occurred at residences, 10% at outdoors, 6.4% at indoors, only 0.7% at schools. In the other hand, highest bystander’s CPR rates were found in sports facilities and schools (71.4%). The installation rate of AEDs in residences was 9.6%, instead of highest incidence for OHCA patients, school and sports institute made up 21.4% of AED installations, but only 1.0% of the incidences of cardiac arrest. We found that there is a mismatch between incidence sites of cardiac arrest and locations of installed AED. Discussion: It is essential to increase the number of AED installations. Furthermore, it is desirable to install AEDs in locations where cardiac arrest is liable to occur following guidelines for the proper placement of AEDs, and important to further spread BLS education among the general citizens.展开更多
Synaptic vesicle protein 2A（SV2A） involvement has been reported in the animal models of epilepsy and in human intractable epilepsy. The difference between pharmacosensitive epilepsy and pharmacoresistant epilepsy re...Synaptic vesicle protein 2A（SV2A） involvement has been reported in the animal models of epilepsy and in human intractable epilepsy. The difference between pharmacosensitive epilepsy and pharmacoresistant epilepsy remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to observe the hippocampus SV2 A protein expression in amygdale-kindling pharmacoresistant epileptic rats. The pharmacosensitive epileptic rats served as control. Amygdaloid-kindling model of epilepsy was established in 100 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The kindled rat model of epilepsy was used to select pharmacoresistance by testing their seizure response to phenytoin and phenobarbital. The selected pharmacoresistant rats were assigned to a pharmacoresistant epileptic group（PRE group）. Another 12 pharmacosensitive epileptic rats（PSE group） served as control. Immunohistochemistry,real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine SV2 A expression in the hippocampus tissue samples from both the PRE and the PSE rats. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that SV2 A was mainly accumulated in the cytoplasm of the neurons,as well as along their dendrites throughout all subfields of the hippocampus. Immunoreactive staining level of SV2A-positive cells was 0.483±0.304 in the PRE group and 0.866±0.090 in the PSE group（P〈0.05）. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that 2-ΔΔCt value of SV2 A m RNA was 0.30±0.43 in the PRE group and 0.76±0.18 in the PSE group（P〈0.05）. Western blotting analysis obtained the similar findings（0.27±0.21 versus 1.12±0.21,P〈0.05）. PRE rats displayed a significant decrease of SV2 A in the brain. SV2 A may be associated with the pathogenesis of intractable epilepsy of the amygdaloid-kindling rats.展开更多
文摘Background: Since 2004, the number of installed Automated External Defibrillator (AED) has been increased in Japan annually, the cumulative number of sold AED more than 600,000 units by 2016. Despite there have been about 130,000 out of hospital cardiac arrest annually, there have only 1302 cases delivered defibrillation by bystanders at the scene. Therefore, we investigate that number of AED installation and usage rate for Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) patients. Methods: Retrospective metropolitan wide cohort study. Subject: Total 13,364 OHCA patients in the Tokyo Metropolitan area from Jan. 1 through Dec. 31 in 2012 were eligible for theses analyses. Also, OHCA occurrence place and AED usage rate were studied. Results: 82.8% of OHCA occurred at residences, 10% at outdoors, 6.4% at indoors, only 0.7% at schools. In the other hand, highest bystander’s CPR rates were found in sports facilities and schools (71.4%). The installation rate of AEDs in residences was 9.6%, instead of highest incidence for OHCA patients, school and sports institute made up 21.4% of AED installations, but only 1.0% of the incidences of cardiac arrest. We found that there is a mismatch between incidence sites of cardiac arrest and locations of installed AED. Discussion: It is essential to increase the number of AED installations. Furthermore, it is desirable to install AEDs in locations where cardiac arrest is liable to occur following guidelines for the proper placement of AEDs, and important to further spread BLS education among the general citizens.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81241129/H0913)Guizhou Province Governor Special Funds(No.1065-09)and Guizhou High-level Personnel Scientific Funds(No.TZJF-2010-054)
文摘Synaptic vesicle protein 2A（SV2A） involvement has been reported in the animal models of epilepsy and in human intractable epilepsy. The difference between pharmacosensitive epilepsy and pharmacoresistant epilepsy remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to observe the hippocampus SV2 A protein expression in amygdale-kindling pharmacoresistant epileptic rats. The pharmacosensitive epileptic rats served as control. Amygdaloid-kindling model of epilepsy was established in 100 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The kindled rat model of epilepsy was used to select pharmacoresistance by testing their seizure response to phenytoin and phenobarbital. The selected pharmacoresistant rats were assigned to a pharmacoresistant epileptic group（PRE group）. Another 12 pharmacosensitive epileptic rats（PSE group） served as control. Immunohistochemistry,real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to determine SV2 A expression in the hippocampus tissue samples from both the PRE and the PSE rats. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that SV2 A was mainly accumulated in the cytoplasm of the neurons,as well as along their dendrites throughout all subfields of the hippocampus. Immunoreactive staining level of SV2A-positive cells was 0.483±0.304 in the PRE group and 0.866±0.090 in the PSE group（P〈0.05）. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that 2-ΔΔCt value of SV2 A m RNA was 0.30±0.43 in the PRE group and 0.76±0.18 in the PSE group（P〈0.05）. Western blotting analysis obtained the similar findings（0.27±0.21 versus 1.12±0.21,P〈0.05）. PRE rats displayed a significant decrease of SV2 A in the brain. SV2 A may be associated with the pathogenesis of intractable epilepsy of the amygdaloid-kindling rats.
