XRN4/EIN5调控拟南芥对盐胁迫和ABA的耐受性

XRN4/EIN5是植物的5′-3′核酸外切酶,主要参与细胞质中RNA的降解,同时也是乙烯信号通路的核心基因,在植物的生长发育和乙烯信号转导中起着重要作用。为探究该基因在植物抗逆性方面的作用,以XRN4/EIN5 T-DNA插入突变体ein5-6为材料,设计不同浓度NaCl(0、50、100、150、200 mmol/L)和ABA(0、0.10、0.25、0.50、1.00、1.50μmol/L)处理,基于拟南芥种子发芽率、子叶绿化率、叶片数、叶片面积进行统计分析,结果发现,当盐浓度低于50 mmol/L时,ein5-6的种子发芽率、子叶绿化率、叶片数和叶片面积比野生型Col-0高;当盐浓度达到100 mmol/L时,ein5-6的种子发芽率和子叶绿化率在发育前期比Col-0高,60 h和96 h之后比Col-0低,而二者的叶片数和叶片面积没有差异;当盐浓度达到150 mmol/L及以上时,ein5-6的种子发芽率、子叶绿化率、叶片数和叶片面积比Col-0低。另外,ein5-6对ABA与盐胁迫响应的趋势一致,ABA浓度较低时ein5-6的子叶绿化率高于Col-0,但随着处理时间的延长和ABA浓度的增加,其子叶绿化率越来越低,最终明显低于Col-0。表明与野生型相比,ein5-6对盐胁迫和ABA处理更敏感,推测XRN4/EIN5参与了盐胁迫和ABA响应的调节。

代谢组和转录组联合解析青花菜芽苗黄酮类物质对外源ABA的响应机制

为探究植物激素脱落酸对青花菜芽苗黄酮类物质合成的作用机制,以青花菜品种耐寒优秀为试材,以清水为对照,外源喷施50μmol·L^(-1)的ABA,对处理后的青花菜芽苗进行代谢组和转录组的联合分析。结果表明,代谢组共检测出14类物质,包含黄酮共212种,具有明显差异的黄酮共30种。其中,儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯和桑色素含量明显上升,柚皮苷、银锻苷和枸橘苷含量明显下降。通过代谢组和转录组联合分析,黄酮合成途径、苯丙烷合成途径以及ABA信号通路共筛选出13个相关调控基因,其中LOC106337270、LOC106329559、LOC106326133对儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯和桑色素含量呈明显正相关,推测上述基因可响应ABA信号参与调控黄酮类化合物的生物合成。综上所述,研究结果表征了青花菜芽苗响应外源ABA并调控黄酮类化合物合成的关键基因,为后续黄酮类化合物的生物合成调控奠定了科学理论基础。

旱柳失水枝条中ABA介导的代谢组响应分析

【目的】ABA是植物干旱胁迫的关键激素,通过代谢组学分析揭示旱柳离体枝条ABA介导的失水响应差异代谢物及其相关通路,为旱柳干旱胁迫响应提供研究基础和理论依据。【方法】以旱柳离体枝条为材料,探究ABA合成抑制剂钨酸钠溶液浸泡后旱柳失水至不同水势枝条木质部代谢组的差异响应。【结果】失水至P50(-1.9 MPa)旱柳枝条代谢组与未失水枝条相比,内源ABA含量显著增加了425.032%,D-果糖等可溶性糖含量与L-谷氨酸等氨基酸含量显著增加。ABA抑制剂处理后内源ABA含量显著降低了79.253%,D-1,5-脱水果糖等可溶性糖含量与苯丙氨酸等氨基酸含量显著降低。植物激素信号转导、类胡萝卜素生物合成和淀粉与蔗糖代谢途径等是旱柳枝条失水响应的关键代谢通路。【结论】旱柳枝条失水后ABA含量显著增加,介导多糖水解过程等降低了细胞渗透势以应对干旱胁迫。

NaCl胁迫下宁夏枸杞ABA代谢相关基因差异表达分析

为解析宁夏枸杞响应NaCl胁迫的ABA代谢分子调控机制,检测NaCl胁迫下宁夏枸杞叶片脱落酸(ABA)含量变化,并利用RNA-seq和qRT-PCR技术研究NaCl胁迫下ABA代谢相关基因的差异表达规律。结果表明,不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,宁夏枸杞叶片中ABA含量随NaCl浓度的增加呈现增加趋势;通过转录组测序筛选得到21个ABA代谢相关的差异表达基因,从100 mmol/L、200 mmol/L、300 mmol/L NaCl处理下的宁夏枸杞叶片中检测到ABA代谢相关的差异表达基因分别有17、11、9个,qRT-PCR检测结果与转录组测序结果基本一致。宁夏枸杞通过相关基因的差异表达调控ABA代谢和信号通路,从而参与调控其响应NaCl胁迫。

外源ABA、ZR及IAA对甘薯脱毒苗生长及结薯的影响

以甘薯品种龙薯9号的脱毒试管苗为试验材料,采用盆栽基质培养、向根部营养液加入植物激素的处理方式,设置单因素试验,分别探究了0(CK)、0.7、7.0、14.0 mg/L的ABA与IAA,以及0(CK)、0.8、8.0、16.0 mg/L ZR对脱毒苗根生长发育及结薯的影响。结果表明:0.8 mg/L ZR处理的单株结薯数和单株薯重分别较CK提高2.25个和5.93 g;0.7 mg/L ABA处理的单株结薯数和单株薯重分别较CK提高2.00个和5.43 g;14 mg/L IAA处理可显著增加脱毒苗的根长和茎长。综上所述,在脱毒薯生产过程中,根部施加0.7 mg/L ABA或0.8 mg/L ZR均可显著增加脱毒苗的单株结薯数和单株薯重,根部添加14 mg/L IAA可显著促进脱毒苗根与茎的伸长。本试验结果可为脱毒种薯种苗高效生产提供技术支撑。

Involvement of the ABA-and H_(2)O_(2)-Mediated Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in the Drought Stress Responses of Wheat Roots

Abscisic acid(ABA),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) and ascorbate(AsA)–glutathione(GSH)cycle are widely known for their participation in various stresses.However,the relationship between ABA and H_(2)O_(2) levels and the AsA–GSH cycle under drought stress in wheat has not been studied.In this study,a hydroponic experiment was conducted in wheat seedlings subjected to 15%polyethylene glycol(PEG)6000–induced dehydration.Drought stress caused the rapid accumulation of endogenous ABA and H_(2)O_(2) and significantly decreased the number of root tips compared with the control.The application of ABA significantly increased the number of root tips,whereas the application of H_(2)O_(2) markedly reduced the number of root tips,compared with that under 15%PEG-6000.In addition,drought stress markedly increased the DHA,GSH and GSSG levels,but decreased the AsA levels,AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG ratios compared with those in the control.The activities of the four enzymes in the AsA–GSH cycle were also markedly increased under drought stress,including glutathione reductase(GR),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),monodehydroascorbate reductase(MDHAR)and dehydroascorbate reductase(DHAR),compared with those in the control.However,the application of an ABA inhibitor significantly inhibited GR,DHAR and APX activities,whereas the application of an H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly inhibited DHAR and MDHAR activities.Furthermore,the application of ABA inhibitor significantly promoted the increases of H_(2)O_(2) and the application of H_(2)O_(2) inhibitor significantly blocked the increases of ABA,compared with those under 15% PEG-6000.Taken together,the results indicated that ABA and H_(2)O_(2) probably interact under drought stress in wheat;and both of them can mediate drought stress by modulating the enzymes in AsA–GSH cycle,where ABA acts as the main regulator of GR,DHAR,and APX activities,and H_(2)O_(2) acts as the main regulator of DHAR and MDHAR activities.

The CBL-interacting protein kinase OsCIPK1 phosphorylated by SAPK10 positively regulates responses to ABA and osmotic stress in rice

SubclassⅢsucrose nonfermenting1-related protein kinase 2s(SnRK2s)function in ABA and abiotic stress responses by unknown mechanisms.We found that osmotic stress/ABA-activated protein kinase 10(SAPK10),a member of rice SnRK2s,physically interacted with CBL-interacting protein kinase 1(OsCIPK1).OsCIPK1 expression was up-regulated by ABA and PEG treatment,and overexpression increased the ABA sensitivity of seed germination and root growth and plant osmotic stress tolerance.Osmotic stress or ABA-induced activation of OsCIPK1 is dependent on SAPK10.SAPK10 phosphorylates Thr-24 of OsCIPK1 in vitro,and this phosphorylation increases the activity of OsCIPK1 and positively regulates the function of OsCIPK1 in ABA responses and plant osmotic stress tolerance.This study suggests that OsCIPK1 is a direct phosphorylated substrate of SAPK10,and SAPK10-mediated phosphorylation of OsCIPK1 functions in ABA signaling and increases rice osmotic stress tolerance.

The ABA synthesis enzyme allele OsNCED2^(T)promotes dryland adaptation in upland rice

Upland rice shows dryland adaptation in the form of a deeper and denser root system and greater drought resistance than its counterpart,irrigated rice.Our previous study revealed a difference in the frequency of the OsNCED2 gene between upland and irrigated populations.A nonsynonymous mutation(C to T,from irrigated to upland rice)may have led to functional variation fixed by artificial selection,but the exact biological function in dryland adaptation is unclear.In this study,transgenic and association analysis indicated that the domesticated fixed mutation caused functional variation in OsNCED2,increasing ABA levels,root development,and drought tolerance in upland rice under dryland conditions.OsNCED2-overexpressing rice showed increased reactive oxygen species-scavenging abilities and transcription levels of many genes functioning in stress response and development that may regulate root development and drought tolerance.OsNCED2^(T)-NILs showed a denser root system and drought resistance,promoting the yield of rice under dryland conditions.OsNCED2^(T)may confer dryland adaptation in upland rice and may find use in breeding dryland-adapted,water-saving rice.

Zinc finger protein ZFP36 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase PDK1 function in ABA-mediated aluminum tolerance in rice

Aluminum(Al)toxicity poses a significant constraint on field crop yields in acid soils.Zinc finger protein36(ZFP36)is well-documented for its pivotal role in enhancing tolerance to both drought and oxidative stress in rice.This study unveils a novel function of ZFP36 modulated by abscisic acid(ABA)-dependent mechanisms,specifically aimed at alleviating Al toxicity in rice.Under Al stress,the expression of ZFP36significantly increased through an ABA-dependent pathway.Knocking down ZFP36 heightened Al sensitivity,while overexpressing ZFP36 conferred increased resistance to Al stress.Additionally,our investigations revealed a physical interaction between ZFP36 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 in rice(OsPDK1).Biochemical assays further elucidated that OsPDK1 phosphorylates ZFP36 at the amino acid site 73–161.Subsequent experiments demonstrated that ZFP36 positively regulates the expression of ascorbate peroxidases(OsAPX1)and OsALS1 by binding to specific elements in their upstream segments in rice.Through genetic and phenotypic analyses,we unveiled that OsPDK1 influences ABA-triggered antioxidant defense to alleviate Al toxicity by interacting with ZFP36.In summary,our study underscores that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(OsPDK1)phosphorylates ZFP36 to modulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes via an ABA-dependent pathway,influencing tolerance of rice to soil Al toxicity.

转录组测序分析梨种子催芽过程涉及ABA通路的关键基因

种子休眠与萌发受到内源激素和外界环境等多种因素的调控。生产上常采用清水浸泡和低温砂藏层积处理方法打破梨种子休眠进程,促进种子萌发。为解析梨种子休眠解除的分子机制,以翠冠梨干种子为研究对象,通过清水浸泡6 h再低温砂藏60 d进行催芽。对该过程17个时期种仁ABA含量进行测定,结果显示在种子浸泡过程和低温砂藏7 d阶段ABA含量整体呈现下降趋势,随后趋于稳定。选取其中7个关键时期样品进行转录组测序,GO分析结果显示差异基因被分配到40个功能组,KEGG分析结果显示差异基因主要富集在核糖体、多样化环境中微生物代谢、碳代谢、辅因子的生物合成和氨基酸的生物合成通路。通过转录组测序获得的基因FPKM值和ABA含量数据构建共表达网络,结果显示11个基因(Pbr009501、Pbr016256、Pbr011612、Pbr033750、Pbr015393、Pbr000885、Pbr037755、Pbr039726、Pbr020341、Pbr003677和Pbr015873)与ABA含量的相关性均极高,相关性系数达到0.91~0.96。研究结果为挖掘梨种子休眠和萌发过程调控ABA水平的关键基因提供了重要信息。

拟南芥bZIP1转录因子通过与ABRE元件结合调节ABA信号传导

ABA作为一种重要的植物激素和生长调节剂,介导了高等植物在营养生长阶段对各种外界环境的响应和适应。bZIP类转录因子可以通过ABA依赖途径和ABA非依赖途径调节植物的生长发育和对非生物胁迫的耐性。本研究通过AtbZIP1T-DNA插入突变的拟南芥植株ko-1(SALK_059343)和ko-2(SALK_069489C)在ABA处理后的表型实验,验证了AtbZIP1参与ABA依赖的信号传导通路。采用"三引物法",分别在DNA水平和RNA水平通过PCR和RT-PCR验证了AtbZIP1基因在拟南芥突变体中的沉默效果。定量分析数据表明,在种子萌发阶段,经过0.6μmolL–1ABA和0.8μmolL–1ABA处理后,AtbZIP1缺失突变体拟南芥植株萌发率和叶片展开/绿色率比野生型植株高,在幼苗生长阶段,经过50μmolL–1ABA处理后,AtbZIP1缺失突变体拟南芥植株根长比野生型植株长。为了确定AtbZIP1基因参与ABA信号传导是否依赖于ABRE元件,在大肠杆菌中表达了AtbZIP1HIS6融合蛋白,并设计了核心序列为CACGTG的ABRE元件。凝胶阻滞电泳结果表明AtbZIP1融合蛋白可以与ABRE元件特异性结合。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,AtbZIP1基因的缺失改变了下游的ABA响应基因的表达。该结果表明,AtbZIP1可以通过与ABRE元件结合调节植物对ABA处理的敏感性和下游ABA响应基因的表达,从而参与植物的ABA信号传导通路。

盐胁迫下玉米幼苗ABA和GABA的积累及其相互关系

盐胁迫下玉米幼苗内源脱落酸(abscisicacid,ABA)和γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyricacid,GABA)含量增加,且ABA的积累先于GABA.用100μmol/L外源ABA和150mmol/LNacl处理使玉米幼苗内源GABA含量增加,NaCl和ABA同时处理时,对玉米幼苗GABA积累的诱导表现加合效应.ABA生物合成抑制剂氟草酮预处理后使盐胁迫诱导的GABA含量增加幅度减小,说明在盐胁迫下ABA调节GBAA积累.NaCl和ABA处理均刺激谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)的活性,推测盐胁迫下ABA通过调控GAD的活性而导致GABA积累.

叶面喷施外源ABA对胡椒抗寒生理生化及ABA信号转导相关基因的影响

【目的】筛选出能提高胡椒抗寒性的脱落酸(ABA)适宜浓度,明确低温胁迫条件下外施适宜浓度ABA对胡椒叶片ABA信号转导相关基因SnRK2和PYL表达的影响,为生产上提高胡椒抗寒技术及揭示ABA信号在胡椒抗寒中的作用机理提供依据。【方法】以热引1号胡椒为试验材料,通过叶面喷施0(CK)、25(T1)、50(T2)、75(T3)、100(T4)mg/L ABA及4℃低温胁迫处理,测定各处理胡椒叶片叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性(POD、CAT和SOD)、H2O2和MDA含量。在筛选出适宜ABA喷施浓度的基础上,进一步运用实时荧光定量PCR分析ABA信号转导相关基因的表达情况。【结果】低温胁迫后,不同浓度ABA处理的胡椒POD、CAT和SOD活性与CK相比均显著上升(P<0.05,下同),其中T2处理的POD活性升高最显著,T3处理的CAT和SOD活性升高最显著;随着ABA处理浓度的升高,H2O2和MDA含量呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,以T3处理含量最低,即一定浓度外源ABA处理对胡椒抗寒生理发挥积极作用。低温胁迫0 d时,不同ABA浓度处理的胡椒Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo无显著变化;低温胁迫4d时,其Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo均显著降低,但T3处理缓解Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo下降效果显著,即ABA预处理能够在一定程度上缓解低温对胡椒光系统潜在活性的抑制。低温胁迫0 d时,不同ABA浓度处理胡椒的qP和Yield无显著变化,但qN随着ABA处理浓度的升高明显下降,即正常生长条件下,外施不同浓度ABA对胡椒叶片的qP和Yield无影响,但会减弱胡椒的光保护能力;低温胁迫4 d时,不同ABA浓度处理的胡椒叶片qP、qN和Yield均有不同程度的下降,随着ABA处理浓度的升高,qN呈现下降、上升再下降的变化趋势,qP呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,T3处理成为转折点,即在低温胁迫下外源ABA能够提高胡椒的光保护能力,其中T3处理效果相对较好。低温胁迫条件下,ABA预处理可诱导ABA信号转导相关基因SnRK2和PYL提前并高表达。【结论】外源ABA通过提高胡椒抗氧化酶活性、降低H2O2和MDA含量及缓解低温对其光系统活性的伤害,从而提高胡椒抵抗低温胁迫的能力。外源ABA还能诱导胡椒ABA信号转导相关基因表达,启动和引发植株固有抗冻性基因的表达,进而提高其耐冻性。

NCED3基因雌二醇诱导表达对ABA合成酶基因和代谢酶基因表达的影响

胞内ABA信号系统是否存在正反馈调节,一直存在争论.借助于雌二醇诱导的基因表达体系,对ABA合成关键酶基因NCED3超表达,结果发现,由于NCED3限速酶基因的高表达提高了内源ABA信号水平,进而上调了ABA合成酶基因ZEP、AAO3等的表达水平,也激活了代谢酶基因CYP707A3的表达.研究显示内源ABA信号水平存在正负两种反馈调节机制,植物特定生理过程中ABA信号池的高低是两种调节的协同结果.

ABA对植物体细胞胚胎发育影响的研究进展

该文综述了ABA对植物体细胞胚胎发生发育的促进和抑制作用及对体细胞胚的几种内含物产生的影响 ,同时介绍了体细胞胚胎中ABA应答基因的表达及克隆研究进展 .

不同穗发芽抗性的小麦胚对ABA敏感性的蛋白质组分析

小麦穗发芽抗性与其对ABA敏感性关系密切,一般认为ABA处理可导致基因表达的变化。本研究用不同穗发芽抗性的白皮小麦品种陕优225和冀麦1号扬花后25d的胚在±1μmol·L-1ABA溶液中处理48h后进行蛋白质组分析。依据蛋白质表达差异,鉴定出胚发育后期丰度蛋白(LEA)、NAD(P)H脱氢酶亚基Ⅰ、盐胁迫后根表达的蛋白(RS1)、生长素反应蛋白IAA19、20kD的钙结合蛋白、钙调蛋白(CAM)和肌动蛋白解聚因(ADF5)等7个蛋白点。按其表达丰度大致可分为两类:第一类如LEA,在抗穗发芽品种中的表达量比易穗发芽品种高,ABA处理可以增加其表达。第二类如生长素反应蛋白IAA19,在易穗发芽品种中的表达量较高,ABA处理可以降低其表达。抗穗发芽品种的离体胚更易于表达ABA上调的蛋白质。这些结果为了解抗穗发芽基因表达蛋白质的过程提供了实验数据。

Regulation of ABA on Rice Root System Growth under Cadmium Stress

[Objective] The regulation of ABA on rice root system growth under Cd stress was studied.[Method] Taking rice Zhonghua No.11 as material,changes in rice root system growth were studied under the treatments of Cd,Cd ＋ ABA and Cd ＋ ABA inhibitor.[Result] Exogenous ABA could shorten the length of primary roots and adventitious roots of rice and could obviously inhibit the formation of lateral roots in primary roots and adventitious roots;ABA could obviously shorten the distance from root hair to root tip,but had little effect on the quantity of adventitious roots.[Conclusion] ABA takes part in the regulation in rice root system growth under Cd stress.

外源ABA对盐胁迫下八棱海棠苗木生长及生理特性的影响

在盆栽条件下,设置空白对照(CK)、盐胁迫(N1)、盐胁迫+20 mg/L ABA(N2)、盐胁迫+35 mg/L ABA(N3)、盐胁迫+50 mg/L ABA(N4)共计5个处理,研究ABA对盐胁迫下八棱海棠苗木生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫处理与对照相比显著降低了八棱海棠的株高、茎粗、净光合速率、总糖含量和氨基酸含量,提高了八棱海棠的SOD活性和POD活性。外源施加ABA提高了盐胁迫处理下八棱海棠的株高、茎粗、净光合速率、SOD活性、POD活性、总糖含量和氨基酸含量。综合比较来看,35 mg/L是外源ABA改善八棱海棠苗木生理特性并促进其生长的适宜浓度。

外源GA_3和ABA处理对红肉脐橙果实品质的影响

以生长性状一致的成年红肉脐橙为试材,研究了果实转色前外源GA3和ABA处理对其品质的影响,结果表明:GA3处理提高了果皮的亮度,但降低了果皮红色度和单果重;外源ABA提高了果皮的红色度和黄色度,但降低了果皮的亮度和单果重;外源GA3与ABA处理均不利于果实内在品质的提高,从而在果实转色前用外源ABA和GA3处理红肉脐橙果实不利于其综合品质的提高。

RNAi-mediated suppression of the abscisic acid catabolism gene Os ABA8ox1 increases abscisic acid content and tolerance to saline–alkaline stress in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Saline–alkaline(SA) stress is characterized by high salinity and high alkalinity(high p H), which severely inhibit plant growth and cause huge losses in crop yields worldwide. Here we show that a moderate elevation of endogenous abscisic acid(ABA) levels by RNAi-mediated suppression of Os ABA8 ox1(Os ABA8 ox1-kd), a key ABA catabolic gene, significantly increased tolerance to SA stress in rice plants. We produced Os ABA8 ox1-kd lines in two different japonica cultivars, Dongdao 4 and Nipponbare. Compared with nontransgenic control plants(WT), the Os ABA8 ox1-kd seedlings accumulated 25.9%–55.7% higher levels of endogenous ABA and exhibited reduced plasmalemma injury, ROS accumulation and Na;/K;ratio, and higher survival rates, under hydroponic alkaline conditions simulated by 10, 15, and 20 mmol L-1 of Na;CO;. In pot trials using SA field soils of different alkali levels(p H 7.59, 8.86, and 9.29), Os ABA8 ox1–kd plants showed markedly higher seedling survival rates and more vigorous plant growth, resulting in significantly higher yield components including panicle number(85.7%–128.6%), spikelets per panicle(36.9%–61.9%), branches(153.9%–236.7%), 1000–kernel weight(20.0%–28.6%), and percentage of filled spikelets(96.6%–1340.8%) at harvest time. Under severe SA soil conditions(p H = 9.29, EC = 834.4 μS cm-1),Os ABA8 ox1-kd lines showed an 194.5%–1090.8% increase in grain yield per plant relative to WT plants.These results suggest that suppression of Os ABA8 ox1 to increase endogenous ABA levels provides a new molecular approach for improving rice yield in SA paddies.