Characteristics and driving factors of abandoned cultivated land in the hilly regions of southern China:A case study in Longnan,Jiangxi Province

The abandonment of cultivated land in southern China was gradually obvious.This research aims to provide a reference for solving the abandonment of cultivated land in hilly regions and promote rural development in China.We examined Longnan county located in the hilly regions of southern China as an example,where abandoned cultivated land is very common.We analyzed its land use data with a field survey to identify the abandoned cultivated land and geospatial characteristics.From the two aspects of social and natural factors,we analyzed the factors driving cultivated land abandonment with the help of Geodetector.The results showed that in 2019,the total area of the abandoned cultivated land in Longnan county was 4,962.35 hm^(2),covering 39.51% of this region.Among the topographic factors,the abandonment rate is positively correlated with elevation and slope gradient,but not with slope direction.Among the land parcel conditions,the abandonment rate is positively correlated with the access to road network and cultivation distance from settlement.At the county level,the abandonment of cultivated land in study area was affected by multiple factors,among which,the direct factor was the reduction in the labor force,such as the decrease of farming laborers and the increase of female population,which made farming unsustainable.Changes in production factors also promoted transformations in farmers’motivation to engage in production,such as the decrease of grain crops and the increase of cash crops,which was the indirect factor affecting cultivated land abandonment.The development of the rural nonagricultural industry affected farmers’enthusiasm,such as the decrease of farming households,which was the fundamental factor leading to cultivated land abandonment in this area.

Spatial structure optimization of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse based on system dynamics model and CLUE-S model

The mountainous abandoned mine land is often distributed in the fomi of fragmented patches. Therefore, it can greatly promote the reuse value of abandoned mine land and relieve the pressure of land demand to realize the rational reuse of abandoned mine land based on the future land use structure and spatial layout of mountainous area. In this paper, optimization of the spatial structure of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse is realized through the system dynamics model and CLUE-S model. Mentougou district, Beijing, China is selected as the research area. System dynamics model with feedback functions is constructed to simulate land use structure from 2011 to 2025, which is taken as the quanfiiative constraint on spatial structure optimization. CLUE-S model with neighborhood analysis function is applied to simulate future land use spatial structure. The simulation result layer is superimposed with the abandoned mine land distribution layer and the optimized spatial structure of abandoned mine land reuse then is determined, checked by reuse suitability evaluation. The result shows that abandoned mine land can be fully optimized as other land use types according to demand, and the reuse directions are water conservancy facilities land, urban land, rural residential land, tourism land, garden land, woodland and grassland. The trend of abandoned mine land reuse tend to be consistent with land use types of neighboring patches. This study can provide theoretical reference for the practices of mountainous abandoned mine land reuse.

Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risk Assessment of Abandoned Land in Coal Mining Areas in Xingren County

Total contents of heavy metals （ Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, and Ni） in 68 soil samples were determined to evaluate the contamination level of soil from five coal mine areas in Xingren County, Guizhou province. The pollution levels of heavy metals were characterized by anthro- pogenic influence multiple, and the pollution of heavy metal in soil was evaluated using geo-accumulation index. Based on the health risk models recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （ US EPA）, the health risks of heavy metals in the soils were assessed. The results showed that the abandoned land in the five coal mining areas were contaminated by heavy metals, and the order of pollution levels of eight heavy metals was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Ni 〉 Cr 〉 Cd 〉 Zn. The soils suffered moderate-heavy pollution from As and Pb, and the contents of As and Pb in the soils were 13.16 and 4.76 times higher than the background values of Guizhou Province, followed by Cu, Hg and Ni , while soil pollution from Cr, Cd and Zn was mild. The order of non-caminogenic risks of the heavy metals in the soils was As 〉 Pb 〉 Cr 〉 Ni 〉 Cu 〉 Hg 〉 Cd 〉 Zn, and the non-carcinogenic dsk value of As was higher than that its threshold value 1, which indicated that As had a high potential health risk to adults and children. The order of carcinogen risks of the four heavy metals was As 〉 Cd 〉 Cr 〉 Ni, and the carcinogenic risk value of As was higher than its threshold value, indicating that As had a high carcinogenic risk to adults and children. The carcinogenic risk values of other three heavy metals （ Cd, Cr and Ni） were lower than the threshold value, so they had no carcinogenic risk to human health. Moreover, children were more sensitively affect- ed by heavy metals from the abandoned land. Therefore, the health of children in such areas should be paid more attention to. The HI value of the eight heavy metals to children was seven times higher than that to adults. The contribution rate of HQAs to HI was about 88%, and the contribution rate of CRA, to TCR was about 98%, so As was the most crucial factor influencing non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic dsk in the abandoned soils.

CO flux of soil respiration in natural recovering karst abandoned farmland in Southwest China

To estimate carbon sequestration potential in the karst area,soil respiration in a natural recovering karst abandoned farmland in Shawan,Puding,Guizhou,southwest China was continuously and automatically monitored for more than two years.The results show that the CO2flux of soil respiration(2.63±1.89 lmol m^-2s-^1)is higher in the karst area than in non-karst areas under similar conditions but that regional value(1.32 lmol m-2s-1)is lower because of larger rock fragment coverage(~50%).A the same time,the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration(Q10)in this study area is significantly higher than that of non-karst areas under similar conditions.Soil respiration has an obvious temporal variation,which is reflected in a significant exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature,but the relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture is very complex.Especially soil respiration has an obvious spatial variation,which is likely affected by different diffusion or water-rock reaction processes.

Selection of tree species by principal component analysis for abandoned farmland in southeastern Horqin Sandy Land,China

With changes in global climate and land use,the area of desertified farmland in southeastern Horqin Sandy Land(HSL)has increased in recent years,and farmlands are being abandoned.These abandoned farmlands(AFs)nega-tively impact the local ecology.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to select suitable trees and shrubs for those AFs to prevent and control the desertification tendency.In this study,three AFs were fenced for 2 years,then 37 arbor and shrub species or varieties of 21 families were planted in the fenced AFs and grown for 10 years.The ecological adaptability of the species was evaluated and ranked using a principal component analysis.The results showed that the biodiversity of the AFs significantly improved after 2 years of fencing;the Shannon-Wiener index and species rich-ness of perennial grasses and forbs were 1.45 and 3.6 times higher,respectively,than for the unfenced AF.Among all species planted in fenced AFs,nine tree species had posi-tive comprehensive F(CF)values;Pinus sylvestris(Russian Shira steppe provenance),Populus alba‘Berolinensis’and Gleditsia triacanthos had CF greater than 1,and the first(PC1),second(PC2)and third(PC3)principal component values(F_(1),F_(2),F_(3))were all positive.Among the shrubs,only Lespedeza bicolor and Rosa xanthina f.normalis had CF greater than 0.All these results suggest that fencing improves biodiversity and that planting trees and shrubs that have higher CF values on the basis of fencing is an effective way to green and beautify AFs in HSL.

Effects of land-use patterns on soil microbial diversity and composition in the Loess Plateau,China

In the Loess Plateau of China,land-use pattern is a major factor in controlling underlying biological processes.Additionally,the process of land-use pattern was accompanied by abandoned lands,potentially impacting soil microbe.However,limited researches were conducted to study the impacts of land-use patterns on the diversity and community of soil microorganisms in this area.The study aimed to investigate soil microbial community diversity and composition using high-throughput deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)sequencing under different land-use patterns(apricot tree land,apple tree land,peach tree land,corn land,and abandoned land).The results showed a substantial difference(P<0.050)in bacterial alpha-diversity and beta-diversity between abandoned land and other land-use patterns,with the exception of Shannon index.While fungal beta-diversity was not considerably impacted by land-use patterns,fungal alpha-diversity indices varied significantly.The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota(34.90%),Proteobacteria(20.65%),and Ascomycota(77.42%)varied in soils with different land-use patterns.Soil pH exerted a dominant impact on the soil bacterial communities'composition,whereas soil available phosphorus was the main factor shaping the soil fungal communities'composition.These findings suggest that variations in land-use pattern had resulted in changes to soil properties,subsequently impacting diversity and structure of microbial community in the Loess Plateau.Given the strong interdependence between soil and its microbiota,it is imperative to reclaim abandoned lands to maintain soil fertility and sustain its function,which will have significant ecological service implications,particularly with regards to soil conservation in ecologically vulnerable areas.

Causes and typical control model of wind-drift sandy lands in abandoned channel of the Yellow River

黄河的放弃的隧道的历史的形成和发展被考察，它形成的原因和预防和控制的现在的状况在这篇论文被分析。在下一个时期把分析，关于控制的一些想法，批评问题和反措施基于这作为例子与二个典型控制模型一起被建议。我们在阻止并且控制风飘移建议那在这个区域的沙的陆地，强调应该是发展与一个极大地扩展的努力，再循环的经济。这应该认识到二个想法的联合，即集成与结构的调整与 desertification 作斗争农业并且农民的收入的增加。关键词风飘移沙的土地 - 形成的原因 - 控制模型 -

Modelling Regional Land Change Scenarios to Assess Land Abandonment and Reforestation Dynamics in the Pyrenees(France)

Over the last decades and centuries,European mountain landscapes have experienced substantial transformations.Natural and anthropogenic LULC changes(land use and land cover changes), especially agro-pastoral activities,have directly influenced the spatial organization and composition of European mountain landscapes.For the past sixty years, natural reforestation has been occurring due to a decline in both agricultural production activities and rural population.Stakeholders, to better anticipate future changes,need spatially and temporally explicit models to identify areas at risk of land change and possible abandonment.This paper presents an integrated approach combining forecasting scenarios and a LULC changes simulation model to assess where LULC changes may occur in the Pyrenees Mountains,based on historical LULC trends and a range of future socio-economic drivers.The proposed methodologyconsiders local specificities of the Pyrenean valleys,sub-regional climate and topographical properties,and regional economic policies.Results indicate that some regions are projected to face strong abandonment, regardless of the scenario conditions.Overall, high rates of change are associated with administrative regions where land productivity is highly dependent on socio-economic drivers and climatic and environmental conditions limit intensive(agricultural and/or pastoral) production and profitability.The combination of the results for the four scenarios allows assessments of where encroachment(e.g.colonization by shrublands) and reforestation are the most probable.This assessment intends to provide insight into the potential future development of the Pyrenees to help identify areas that are the most sensitive to change and to guide decision makers to help their management decisions.

Evaluating the Spatial Uncertainty of Future Land Abandonment in a Mountain Valley(Vicdessos, Pyrenees-France): Insights from Model Parameterization and Experiments

European mountains are particularly sensitive to climatic disruptions and land use changes.The latter leads to high rates of natural reforestation over the last 50 years. Faced with the challenge of predicting possible impacts on ecosystem services,LUCC models offer new opportunities for land managers to adapt or mitigate their strategies.Assessing the spatial uncertainty of future LUCC is crucial for the definition of sustainable land use strategies. However, the sources of uncertainty may differ, including the input parameters, the model itself, and the wide range of possible futures. The aim of this paper is to propose a method to assess the probability of occurrence of future LUCC that combines the inherent uncertainty of model parameterization and the ensemble uncertainty of the future based scenarios. For this purpose, we used the Land Change Modeler tool to simulate future LUCC on a study site located in the Pyrenees Mountains(France) and two scenarios illustrating two land use strategies. The model was parameterized with the same driving factors used for its calibration. The definition of ‘static vs. dynamic' and ‘quantitative vs.qualitative(discretized)' driving factors, and their combination resulted in four parameterizations. The combination of model outcomes produced maps of the spatial uncertainty of future LUCC. This work involves adapting the definition of spatial uncertainty in the literature to future-based LUCC studies. It goes beyond the uncertainty of simulation models by integrating the uncertainty of the future to provide maps to help decision makers and land managers.

基于Sentinel-2和Landsat卫星时序数据的耕地撂荒识别

充足的粮食供应是当下经济发展和社会稳定的重要保障之一,撂荒作为耕地边际化的极端表现,对其开展监测对保障耕地数量和质量至关重要。本文以四川省南充市营山县为研究区域,通过GEE平台,使用Sentinel-2和Landsat 7、8数据构建时序数据集,计算NDVI、EVI、NDWI、BSI、MSI等指数,分别利用支持向量机和随机森林法提取耕地撂荒,总分类精度为73.76%,Kappa系数为0.68,针对耕地撂荒最佳提取效果,F_(1)得分为0.6911。本文方法对山地丘陵地区耕地撂荒监测有较大的借鉴意义。

夯实“川东粮仓”视域下撂荒地整治现状与治理对策

通过大量实地走访、调查,得到达州市土地撂荒主要原因是山地多,交通条件差,气候条件恶劣,种植效益低,搬迁新居、外出务工等流转限制因子多,建设、工业征地项目暂未完成,动物啃食植物导致无收成等;复耕意愿不强,资金和人力支持不够,技术薄弱,机械化程度不够等诸多问题。建议通过加强督促政府部门提高认识,把粮食安全问题的落实及完善作为党政领导的目标绩效考核内容。因地制宜,宜粮则粮,宜经则经,建立森林粮库。改善交通、发展小型农机具,实现机械化耕种;筹建高标准农田,提高种植效益;针对“假种地”恶意套取国家资金行为,实行零容忍处理;引进新型合作企业和发展村集体复耕;提交农村医疗和教育质量等一系列综合治理措施,真正实现国家藏粮于地粮食安全策略。

阴山北麓农牧交错区不同弃耕演替时期土壤质量评价

本研究采用空间代替时间的方法,以天然草地作为对照,分析了内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错带两种不同类型的草原(荒漠草原和典型草原)中的农田及3个不同恢复年限(5年、15年和20年)弃耕地的土壤理化性质,并采用主成分分析法对土壤质量进行综合评价。研究发现,弃耕后,土壤含水率、饱和导水率、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、土壤有机碳、全磷、有效磷含量增加;土壤容重、硝态氮、铵态氮、全氮含量逐渐降低;土壤最大持水率指标在荒漠草原呈上升趋势,在典型草原下降;毛管持水率、田间持水率无显著变化(P>0.05);弃耕后,荒漠草原土壤pH降低,典型草原pH升高。基于统计分析的土壤质量得分表明,影响荒漠草原土壤质量的主要因素为土壤有机碳、非毛管孔隙度、容重、全氮,其土壤质量综合得分高低依次为天然草地>弃耕5年>弃耕20年>弃耕15年>农田,影响典型草原土壤质量的主要因子是pH、容重、饱和导水率、有机碳,其综合得分高低依次为天然草地>弃耕15年>弃耕20年>弃耕5年>农田。荒漠草原样地中,农田、弃耕地的土壤质量得分均低于平均水平,典型草原样地中弃耕15、弃耕20年、天然草地的土壤质量得分高于平均水平。由此可知,自发恢复有利于弃耕地的恢复。本研究结果表明,弃耕20年足以使典型草原弃耕地恢复至天然草地状态,但荒漠草原土壤尚未达到其最高土壤质量,需要使用更长的时间进行恢复,且针对荒漠草原与典型草原区需要制定不同的弃耕地土壤质量恢复策略。

四川凉山州孙水河流域耕地撂荒时空格局分析

[目的]提取长期、精确的撂荒地空间分布信息,摸清流域耕地撂荒分布规律,进而为大凉山区域土地资源管理、乡村振兴战略规划等提供数据支撑。[方法]以凉山州孙水河流域为研究区域,应用CART决策树分类方法提取了研究区2009—2016年的撂荒地分布数据,分析了近10年来孙水河流域撂荒地时空格局、演变动态与影响因素。[结果](1)2009—2016年流域耕地撂荒情况呈现两个阶段:2009—2011年缓慢降低,2012—2016年快速增加。撂荒地多分布在中高山区域,并向河谷平原地区逐渐聚拢。多年平均撂荒面积为5357.88 hm^(2),2016年达到最大撂荒率(24.50%),年均撂荒面积:中游(2260.50 hm^(2))>上游(1716 hm^(2))>下游(1381.37 hm^(2)),年均撂荒率:上游(19.17%)>中游(15.46%)>下游(8.50%)。(2)撂荒地标准差椭圆分布呈现两个发展阶段,2009—2012年表现为“东南—西北”的方向分布,2013年后重心回移,撂荒更为聚集。(3)撂荒地多分布在海拔>2800 m,坡度15°~25°,距水系500 m内的地形单元。[结论]地形条件、生产水平、政治因素等均会导致区域撂荒时空格局变化,未来应加强辨析人类活动及自然条件对撂荒地影响机制的深入研究。

基于时序遥感的撂荒地监测及空间格局特征分析

针对耕地撂荒监测的迫切需求,文章发展了一种基于光学时序特征的撂荒地遥感识别方法,利用Sentinel-2时间序列数据构建耕地NDVI时序曲线,基于撂荒地和非撂荒耕地NDVI在监测时间窗口内的振幅差异,通过F1指数迭代式选取撂荒地识别的最佳振幅分割阈值,构建撂荒地识别规则,并在广东省湛江市坡头区开展耕地撂荒监测试验,分析撂荒地块的景观格局特征。研究表明:1)对比撂荒地与非撂荒地的NDVI时序曲线形态发现,撂荒地全年NDVI时序曲线变化平缓,变化幅度较小;非撂荒耕地由于作物生长发育的物候过程,NDVI时序呈现较大的变化幅度。2)通过迭代式选取振幅分割阈值,撂荒地与非撂荒地NDVI振幅的最佳分割阈值为0.42,在该分割阈值下,撂荒地和非撂荒地的识别精度分别为91.83%和90.20%。3)对撂荒地景观格局特征分析结果表明,2020年坡头区耕地撂荒面积为14.65 km^(2),约占耕地总面积的10.1%,撂荒地块普遍面积较小、形状不规则,空间上分布零散,少有大面积撂荒现象。

丘陵地带耕地撂荒遥感监测应用研究

精准掌握耕地撂荒分布情况对于耕地保护和粮食安全尤为重要。为此,该文以南方丘陵区地带粮食主产区湖南省宁远县作为研究区域,依据该地水稻种植物候特征,以2020年和2021年获取的6期卫星遥感影像和航空影像作为数据源,以第三次全国国土调查水田和1∶2000 DLG田埂范围作为最小提取单元,基于时序归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)分析和改进支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)方法,提取水稻种植图斑;通过连续2 a差值计算,筛选出疑似撂荒区域,结合无人机抽样航空调查,对疑似区域进行精细化筛查,分析得到耕地撂荒区域,经过现场核查监测精度可达85%以上。结果表明,融合空、天、地一体化的遥感监测方法可以为农业管理部门的耕地撂荒现象治理工作提供科学有效的数据支持。

全国废弃露天矿山采矿用地分布状况与存在问题

为客观获取矿山环境基础数据,采取遥感数据与多源数据相结合、计算机自动信息提取与人机交互解译相结合、室内综合研究与实地调查相结合的技术路线,开展了全国废弃露天开采矿山的采矿损毁土地、生态修复土地监测。2022年遥感监测查明:全国废弃露天矿山采矿用地面积约82.74万hm^(2),占全国陆域面积的0.86‰,主要分布在内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、河北省、山东省、黑龙江省等省(自治区)。其中,采矿损毁土地面积约50.74万hm^(2),生态修复面积约32.00万hm^(2),生态修复率38.68%。废弃露天矿山采矿用地占用基本农田2.63万hm^(2),占总面积的3.18%;位于生态红线内的全国废弃矿山露天采矿用地面积8.09万hm^(2),占总面积的9.77%。全国与第三次全国国土调查(采矿用地)吻合的废弃矿山露天采矿用地面积累计30.13万hm^(2),占总面积的36.42%。初步分析了全国废弃矿山露天采矿用地情况、废弃矿山采矿用地占用基本农田情况、生态红线内的废弃矿山采矿用地情况、废弃矿山环境恢复治理土地等遥感工作现状及存在问题,提出对策建议。

政策协同视角下耕地撂荒治理问题研究

现阶段大规模的耕地撂荒成为威胁国家粮食安全的不安因素。国家耕地撂荒治理工作的目标要求是统筹利用撂荒耕地,激发多元主体力量参与耕地撂荒治理,实现耕地撂荒治理的可持续性。目前耕地撂荒治理中存在三个问题:撂荒耕地统筹利用状况不理想,多元主体力量未得到有效激发,耕地撂荒治理缺乏可持续性等。基于政策协同视角,从纵向、横向、时空三个维度剖析当前耕地撂荒治理问题的成因并提出对策:完善政策举措,使撂荒治理政策更好贯彻撂荒耕地利用目标;加强主体协同,发挥撂荒治理多元主体作用;优化治理方案,增强撂荒治理方案的施策成效,提升方案的可持续性。

特征融合下的废弃露天煤矿区土地复垦可行性评估算法

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