AIM： To determine the relationship between abduction deficit and reoperation among patients with infantile esotropia （IET）. METHODS： The records of 216 patients （432 eyes） with lET who underwent surgery, from 2...AIM： To determine the relationship between abduction deficit and reoperation among patients with infantile esotropia （IET）. METHODS： The records of 216 patients （432 eyes） with lET who underwent surgery, from 2010 to 2015 were studied. Patients with lET whose deviation appeared before 6mo of age and had stable preoperative deviation in two examinations with at least 2wk apart and a minimum 3too postoperative follow up were included. Cases with early onset accommodative esotropia, congenital cataract, retinopathy of prematurity （ROP）, manifest nystagmus, fundus lesions, neurologic and ophthalmic anomalies, 6th nerve palsy and Duane＇s syndrome were excluded. Preoperative abduction deficit was considered from -1 to -3 grading scale. Three months after surgery, children were classified into no-need reoperation [deviation〈15 prism diopters （PD）], and need-reoperation groups （deviaUon〉15 PD）. RESULTS： In this retrospective study, 117 female and 99 male patients with the mean surgical age of 4.7±6.4y were included. Reoperation rate was 33.3% and 16.0% in lET patients with and without abduction deficit, respectively in patients who had a history of late surgery. Abduction deficit increased the odds of reoperation by 82% [OR=1.82, 95% confidence interval （CI） =1.05 to 3.19, P=0.003] in patients who had a history of late surgery （〉2 years old, P=0.021）. Abduction deficit was improved significantly after operation （P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： Based on our results, abduction deficit can be considered as a risk factor of reoperation in lET patients who are operated at the age of more than 2y.展开更多
Language communication is the key of the ideologicalpolitical education. By using the field investigation method and grounded theory approach,the study analyzes the current situation and main reasons. Discourse differ...Language communication is the key of the ideologicalpolitical education. By using the field investigation method and grounded theory approach,the study analyzes the current situation and main reasons. Discourse differences in ideological-political education of universities are revealing " significance crisis ",acceptance obstacles and channel retardation. One reason is the necessary vitality in the content of discourses between the system and the real world during the ideological-political education. The second reason is because of lacking effective interaction in discourse. The third reason is the lack of the systematic intercourse and the fusion value between the discourse-communicating channel and the message delivery of the audience expectations. The results show that it is vital to achieve an organic unity between the academic discourse and the practical words in the ideological-political Education.展开更多
Buying and selling abducted women or children are symmetrical crimes, but the “the same punishment for the same crime” is not applied. The focus of the criminal punishment for buying abducted women or children is no...Buying and selling abducted women or children are symmetrical crimes, but the “the same punishment for the same crime” is not applied. The focus of the criminal punishment for buying abducted women or children is not about increasing the statutory sentence, but strengthening judicial and law enforcement, to increase the prosecution rate and impose combined punishment for several crimes including the buying of abducted women or children and other subsequent crimes, so as to demonstrate the inevitability of criminal punishment. Human dignity is the core legal interest violated by the crime of buying abducted women or children. The specific legal interest is that humans are not for sale, which should be valued and protected independently in criminal law. This crime is a type of behavioral offense rather than a crime of circumstances. Under normal circumstances,neither the consent of the victim nor the goodwill of the purchaser excludes conviction of the crime. Compared with the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children, buying abducted women or children is not necessarily a serious crime, and the basic statutory punishment of less than three years is reasonable. However, it is possible to appropriately raise the sentence to less than five years in legislation.Where subsequent behaviors do not constitute a crime, they can be used as aggravating circumstances for the crime, and an aggravated statutory sentence can be configured to connect with the statutory punishments for the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children.展开更多
In complex product design,lots of time and resources are consumed to choose a preference-based compromise decision from non-inferior preliminary design models with multi-objective conflicts.However,since complex produ...In complex product design,lots of time and resources are consumed to choose a preference-based compromise decision from non-inferior preliminary design models with multi-objective conflicts.However,since complex products involve intensive multi-domain knowledge,preference is not only a comprehensive representation of objective data and subjective knowledge but also characterized by fuzzy and uncertain.In recent years,enormous challenges are involved in the design process,within the increasing complexity of preference.This article mainly proposes a novel decision-making method based on generalized abductive learning(G-ABL)to achieve autonomous and efficient decision-making driven by data and knowledge collaboratively.The proposed G-ABL framework,containing three cores:classifier,abductive kernel,and abductive machine,supports preference integration from data and fuzzy knowledge.In particular,a subtle improvement is presented for WK-means based on the entropy weight method(EWM)to address the local static weight problem caused by the fixed data preferences as the decision set is locally invariant.Furthermore,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)and Pearson correlation are adopted to quantify domain knowledge and obtain abducted labels.Multi-objective weighted calculations are utilized only to label and compare solutions in the final decision set.Finally,an engineering application is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,and the superiority of which is illustrated by comparative analysis.展开更多
In Chinese medicine, practitioners assess patients’ complaints, analyze their underlying problems, identify causes and come to a diagnosis, which then directs treatment. What is not obvious and not recorded in a cons...In Chinese medicine, practitioners assess patients’ complaints, analyze their underlying problems, identify causes and come to a diagnosis, which then directs treatment. What is not obvious and not recorded in a consultation is the clinical reasoning process that practitioners use. The research filmed three practitioners in the UK while they conducted a consultation and treatment on new patients. The practitioners and researchers viewed the films and used them as aide-memoirs while the reasoning process throughout was discussed. In order to determine the pattern, practitioners used the four examinations to gather information from the patient in an iterative process;their aesthetic reasoning was highly developed. Through triangulation they checked the information they received against a detailed understanding of the qi-dynamic. They used highly analytical strategies of forward(inductive) and backward(deductive) reasoning against the prototypes of the signs and symptoms that indicate a specific Zheng. This was achieved through an abductive process that linked description with explanation and causal factors with pathological mechanisms. The feedback loop with the patient continued through the consultation and into the treatment. A process of translation and interpretation was needed to turn the patient’s story into the practitioner’s story of qi-dynamics that then directed the treatment. Awareness of our clinical reasoning process will mitigate against biases, improve our diagnoses and treatment choices and support the training of students.展开更多
目的设计一种三维角度仪,将其应用在全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中,以测量髋臼臼杯把持杆的倾斜角度,评估其是否能提高髋臼臼杯植入角度(外展角和前倾角)的精准度。方法将2020年9月至2022年10月武汉中西医结合骨科医院...目的设计一种三维角度仪,将其应用在全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中,以测量髋臼臼杯把持杆的倾斜角度,评估其是否能提高髋臼臼杯植入角度(外展角和前倾角)的精准度。方法将2020年9月至2022年10月武汉中西医结合骨科医院收治的30例患者分成测量仪组(采用三维角度仪辅助进行THA组,15例)和传统组(传统THA组,15例),两组术前规划髋臼臼杯置入的外展角为38º、前倾角为20º,比较两组术后X线片上所测得髋臼臼杯置放的角度(外展角和前倾角)与其术前所规划臼杯置入角度之间的误差。结果测量仪组术后髋臼臼杯置放的角度(外展角和前倾角)与术前所规划角度的误差明显小于传统组。结论相对于传统THA术中医生用肉眼瞄髋臼臼杯置入方向而言,采用此三维角度仪辅助进行THA,能在术中对髋臼臼杯置入的方向进行刻度化测量,能提高髋臼臼杯置入角度的精准度,其操作简单,值得推广。展开更多
By translating each disjunctive logic program into an abductive framework, a declarative semantics for the class of disjunctive logic programs, called the typical abductive semantics (TAS), is presented, which is quit...By translating each disjunctive logic program into an abductive framework, a declarative semantics for the class of disjunctive logic programs, called the typical abductive semantics (TAS), is presented, which is quite simple and highly intuitive. TAS is complete and coincides with the stable semantics for the class of disjunctive programs that possess stable models. By the coherence principle, TAS can be easily generalized to extended disjunctive programs and can properly handle some benchmark problems in commonsense展开更多
Some computational issues on abduction are discussed in a framework of the first order sequent calculus. Starting from revising the meaning of 'good' abduction, a new criterion of abduction called intuitive-mi...Some computational issues on abduction are discussed in a framework of the first order sequent calculus. Starting from revising the meaning of 'good' abduction, a new criterion of abduction called intuitive-minimal abduction (IMA) is introduced.An IMA is an abductive formula equivalent to the minimal abductive formula under the theory part of a sequent and literally as simple as possible. Abduction algorithms are presented on the basis of a complete natural reduction system. An abductive formula, obtained by the algorithms presented in this papert is an IMA if the reduction tree, from which the abduction is performed, is fully expanded. Instead of using Skolem functions, a term-ordering is used to indicate dependency between terms.展开更多
文摘AIM： To determine the relationship between abduction deficit and reoperation among patients with infantile esotropia （IET）. METHODS： The records of 216 patients （432 eyes） with lET who underwent surgery, from 2010 to 2015 were studied. Patients with lET whose deviation appeared before 6mo of age and had stable preoperative deviation in two examinations with at least 2wk apart and a minimum 3too postoperative follow up were included. Cases with early onset accommodative esotropia, congenital cataract, retinopathy of prematurity （ROP）, manifest nystagmus, fundus lesions, neurologic and ophthalmic anomalies, 6th nerve palsy and Duane＇s syndrome were excluded. Preoperative abduction deficit was considered from -1 to -3 grading scale. Three months after surgery, children were classified into no-need reoperation [deviation〈15 prism diopters （PD）], and need-reoperation groups （deviaUon〉15 PD）. RESULTS： In this retrospective study, 117 female and 99 male patients with the mean surgical age of 4.7±6.4y were included. Reoperation rate was 33.3% and 16.0% in lET patients with and without abduction deficit, respectively in patients who had a history of late surgery. Abduction deficit increased the odds of reoperation by 82% [OR=1.82, 95% confidence interval （CI） =1.05 to 3.19, P=0.003] in patients who had a history of late surgery （〉2 years old, P=0.021）. Abduction deficit was improved significantly after operation （P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： Based on our results, abduction deficit can be considered as a risk factor of reoperation in lET patients who are operated at the age of more than 2y.
文摘Language communication is the key of the ideologicalpolitical education. By using the field investigation method and grounded theory approach,the study analyzes the current situation and main reasons. Discourse differences in ideological-political education of universities are revealing " significance crisis ",acceptance obstacles and channel retardation. One reason is the necessary vitality in the content of discourses between the system and the real world during the ideological-political education. The second reason is because of lacking effective interaction in discourse. The third reason is the lack of the systematic intercourse and the fusion value between the discourse-communicating channel and the message delivery of the audience expectations. The results show that it is vital to achieve an organic unity between the academic discourse and the practical words in the ideological-political Education.
文摘Buying and selling abducted women or children are symmetrical crimes, but the “the same punishment for the same crime” is not applied. The focus of the criminal punishment for buying abducted women or children is not about increasing the statutory sentence, but strengthening judicial and law enforcement, to increase the prosecution rate and impose combined punishment for several crimes including the buying of abducted women or children and other subsequent crimes, so as to demonstrate the inevitability of criminal punishment. Human dignity is the core legal interest violated by the crime of buying abducted women or children. The specific legal interest is that humans are not for sale, which should be valued and protected independently in criminal law. This crime is a type of behavioral offense rather than a crime of circumstances. Under normal circumstances,neither the consent of the victim nor the goodwill of the purchaser excludes conviction of the crime. Compared with the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children, buying abducted women or children is not necessarily a serious crime, and the basic statutory punishment of less than three years is reasonable. However, it is possible to appropriately raise the sentence to less than five years in legislation.Where subsequent behaviors do not constitute a crime, they can be used as aggravating circumstances for the crime, and an aggravated statutory sentence can be configured to connect with the statutory punishments for the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children.
基金The authors received grants from Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2014A030310214),Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province(2014A020221041),and the Medical Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province(A2015039).
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1700900).
文摘In complex product design,lots of time and resources are consumed to choose a preference-based compromise decision from non-inferior preliminary design models with multi-objective conflicts.However,since complex products involve intensive multi-domain knowledge,preference is not only a comprehensive representation of objective data and subjective knowledge but also characterized by fuzzy and uncertain.In recent years,enormous challenges are involved in the design process,within the increasing complexity of preference.This article mainly proposes a novel decision-making method based on generalized abductive learning(G-ABL)to achieve autonomous and efficient decision-making driven by data and knowledge collaboratively.The proposed G-ABL framework,containing three cores:classifier,abductive kernel,and abductive machine,supports preference integration from data and fuzzy knowledge.In particular,a subtle improvement is presented for WK-means based on the entropy weight method(EWM)to address the local static weight problem caused by the fixed data preferences as the decision set is locally invariant.Furthermore,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE)and Pearson correlation are adopted to quantify domain knowledge and obtain abducted labels.Multi-objective weighted calculations are utilized only to label and compare solutions in the final decision set.Finally,an engineering application is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,and the superiority of which is illustrated by comparative analysis.
基金This research was self-funded as part of an Education Doctorate at the Institute of Education,University College London.
文摘In Chinese medicine, practitioners assess patients’ complaints, analyze their underlying problems, identify causes and come to a diagnosis, which then directs treatment. What is not obvious and not recorded in a consultation is the clinical reasoning process that practitioners use. The research filmed three practitioners in the UK while they conducted a consultation and treatment on new patients. The practitioners and researchers viewed the films and used them as aide-memoirs while the reasoning process throughout was discussed. In order to determine the pattern, practitioners used the four examinations to gather information from the patient in an iterative process;their aesthetic reasoning was highly developed. Through triangulation they checked the information they received against a detailed understanding of the qi-dynamic. They used highly analytical strategies of forward(inductive) and backward(deductive) reasoning against the prototypes of the signs and symptoms that indicate a specific Zheng. This was achieved through an abductive process that linked description with explanation and causal factors with pathological mechanisms. The feedback loop with the patient continued through the consultation and into the treatment. A process of translation and interpretation was needed to turn the patient’s story into the practitioner’s story of qi-dynamics that then directed the treatment. Awareness of our clinical reasoning process will mitigate against biases, improve our diagnoses and treatment choices and support the training of students.
文摘目的设计一种三维角度仪,将其应用在全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中,以测量髋臼臼杯把持杆的倾斜角度,评估其是否能提高髋臼臼杯植入角度(外展角和前倾角)的精准度。方法将2020年9月至2022年10月武汉中西医结合骨科医院收治的30例患者分成测量仪组(采用三维角度仪辅助进行THA组,15例)和传统组(传统THA组,15例),两组术前规划髋臼臼杯置入的外展角为38º、前倾角为20º,比较两组术后X线片上所测得髋臼臼杯置放的角度(外展角和前倾角)与其术前所规划臼杯置入角度之间的误差。结果测量仪组术后髋臼臼杯置放的角度(外展角和前倾角)与术前所规划角度的误差明显小于传统组。结论相对于传统THA术中医生用肉眼瞄髋臼臼杯置入方向而言,采用此三维角度仪辅助进行THA,能在术中对髋臼臼杯置入的方向进行刻度化测量,能提高髋臼臼杯置入角度的精准度,其操作简单,值得推广。
基金Project supported by the State Climbing Project of China, the High-Tech Program of China and the fund from the National University of Defense Technology.
文摘By translating each disjunctive logic program into an abductive framework, a declarative semantics for the class of disjunctive logic programs, called the typical abductive semantics (TAS), is presented, which is quite simple and highly intuitive. TAS is complete and coincides with the stable semantics for the class of disjunctive programs that possess stable models. By the coherence principle, TAS can be easily generalized to extended disjunctive programs and can properly handle some benchmark problems in commonsense
文摘Some computational issues on abduction are discussed in a framework of the first order sequent calculus. Starting from revising the meaning of 'good' abduction, a new criterion of abduction called intuitive-minimal abduction (IMA) is introduced.An IMA is an abductive formula equivalent to the minimal abductive formula under the theory part of a sequent and literally as simple as possible. Abduction algorithms are presented on the basis of a complete natural reduction system. An abductive formula, obtained by the algorithms presented in this papert is an IMA if the reduction tree, from which the abduction is performed, is fully expanded. Instead of using Skolem functions, a term-ordering is used to indicate dependency between terms.
