Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with phase-controlled light focusing and aberration correction for rapid and label-free, volumetric deep tissue imaging

We report a novel stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)microscopy technique featuring phase-controlled light focusing and aberration corrections for rapid,deep tissue 3D chemical imaging with subcellular resolution.To accomplish phasecontrolled SRS(PC-SRS),we utilize a single spatial light modulator to electronically tune the axial positioning of both the shortened-length Bessel pump and the focused Gaussian Stokes beams,enabling z-scanning-free optical sectioning in the sample.By incorporating Zernike polynomials into the phase patterns,we simultaneously correct the system aberrations at two separate wavelengths(~240 nm difference),achieving a~3-fold enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio over the uncorrected imaging system.PC-SRS provides>2-fold improvement in imaging depth in various samples(e.g.,polystyrene bead phantoms,porcine brain tissue)as well as achieves SRS 3D imaging speed of~13 Hz per volume for real-time monitoring of Brownian motion of polymer beads in water,superior to conventional point-scanning SRS 3D imaging.We further utilize PC-SRS to observe the metabolic activities of the entire tumor liver in living zebrafish in cellsilent region,unraveling the upregulated metabolism in liver tumor compared to normal liver.This work shows that PCSRS provides unprecedented insights into morpho-chemistry,metabolic and dynamic functioning of live cells and tissue in real-time at the subcellular level.

Effect of High-Order Aberrations and Satisfaction on Cataract Patients Implanted with Four Types of AcrySof Blue Light Filtering Intraocular Lens

Objective: The objective is to evaluate the visual acuity, high-order aberrations and satisfaction in the cataract patients with the implantation of different types of AcrySof blue light filtering intraocular lens, which would provide the clinical guidance for the selection of individualized intraocular lens. Methods: From January 2019 to December 2020, the patients with age-related cataract in Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital were equally randomized to be divided into four groups. 20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with AcrySof (SN60WF), which was the blue light filtering single focus group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with blue light filtering aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (AcrySof ReSTOR IOL +3.0D, SN6AD1), which was the multifocal intraocular lens group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with aspheric astigmatism correction intraocular lens (Toric SN6AT), which was the astigmatism group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with blue filtering aspheric multifocal astigmatism correction intraocular lens (AcrySof ReSTOR IOL +2.5D IQ, SV25T0), which was the ART group. Three months after the operation, the patients were followed up with slit lamp to check the visual acuity, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), best corrected distance visual acuity, (BCDVA);the questionnaire surveys on the satisfaction of different intraocular lens implantation (far and near vision, glare, halo and abnormal visual symptoms);the iTrace visual function analyzer was used to check the total high-order aberrations (spherical aberration, wisdom aberration and Clover aberration) in the 3 mm pupil diameter. Results: Three months after cataract surgery, American Simplified version of questionnaire survey showed that the scores of near removing glasses in the multifocal group and the ART group were significantly better than those in the single focus group and the astigmatism group (P < 0.05);there was no significant difference in the satisfaction of far removing glasses, glare and halo in each group (P > 0.05). Three months after cataract surgery, there were statistically significant differences about UCDVA, BCDVA and UCNVA among the four groups (F = 18.189, P < 0.001), the UCNVA in the multifocal group and ART group was significantly better than that in the single focus group and the astigmatism group (P < 0.01). The difference of higher-order aberrations (total higher-order aberrations, wisdom aberrations, spherical aberrations, clover aberrations) was no statistically significant among the four groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Different types of AcrySof blue light filtering intraocular lens implantation could improve the far vision and satisfaction of cataract patients, without different higher-order aberrations. Multifocal intraocular lens and ART intraocular lens could significantly improve the far vision of patients and reduce the dependence on near glasses.

Star Mass Inertia Dictates the Speed of Light

This paper indicated that Newton’s law of gravitation is a statistical relation of two adjacent objects with a distance and Einstein’s general relativity shows the internal connection of material distribution through space-time warping in our universe so general relativity is referred as a gravity theory. Here the paper gives an extension of general relativity in the sense of the metric theory of gravity which is consistent with Einstein’s equivalence principle and generates a weak field approximation which extends Newtonian dynamics. Thus, the extended theory of gravity can infer that the light has a speed limit of photon escaping the mass inertia of a star.

Rays’ Change of Directions between Inertial Frames and Stellar Aberration

The path of a light’s signal is one and the same in the universal space regardless of the inertial frame by which it is identified. However, only one frame can be taken stationary and identified with the universal space while all other frames are moving. The direction of the path of a light’s pulse in a moving frame is determined in terms of its direction in the stationary one;the result is utilized to explain stellar aberration and show that the tilted direction in the moving frame depends only on its velocity. The aberration increment vector is introduced and employed to determine the apparent position of a star at each point of the earth orbit. Aberration in an earth satellite relative to the geocentric frame is presented. The direction’s change of a light beam between graded inertial frames promotes explaining aberration in an earth’s satellite in parallel to stellar aberration on earth.

DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING STUDY ON TRANSLATION DIFFUSION OF 8-ARM STAR POLYSTYRENE IN GOOD AND THETA SOLVENTS

The technique of dynamic light scattering has been used to investigate the translation diffusion behavior of 8-arm star polystyrene (SPS)in a good solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or benzene (BZ) and a theta solvent, cyclohexane (CH), by homodyne photon correlation spectroscopy .The intensityintensity autocorrelation function was analyzed by the method of cumulant. The translation diffusion coefficients have been obtained as a function of temperature and concentration. Under theta condition ,the non-concentration dependence of diffusion coefficient showed the unperturbed Gaussian state o the SPS molecular chain. The different hydrodynamic radii estimated from Stokes- Einstein equation reflected the stretch extent of the arm chain for regular star polymer. The data of diffusion activation energy of SPS in THF, BZ and CH were also obtained respectively.

‘Rising Stars of Light’评选

投稿截止日期:2019年4月10日背景Light Conference 2019国际学术会议将于2019年7月16日-18日在长春召开。为激励青年学者发表重大创新结果,会议特组织'Rising Stars of Light'评选活动。第1轮通知参选条件学术成果是未发表(2019年7月18日之前未发表)且与光学研究相关的原创性工作投稿格式论文全文.

A Light Source System of Multi-star Simulator with Adjustable Background and Controllable Magnitude

A light source of multi-star simulator capable of background adjustment and magnitude control has been designed.Two integrating spheres are employed as the star-point light source and the background light source respectively.A beam splitter prism has been designed to serve as the beam combiner for the star-point and the background light sources,and a mathematical model has been constructed respectively to compute the light flux of the two integrating spheres.A magnitude testing system and a background testing system have been created using low-light illuminometer,luminance meter,and testing instruments to measure the star-point magnitude and the background luminance of the multi-star simulator.The test results suggest that the star-point magnitude is adjustable from0 to+5 m_v,with a simulation precision superior to ±0.026 m_v.The maximum background luminance is 3.8×10~5 cd·m^(-2),and the minimum background luminance is6.4×10^(-2)cd·m^(-2).The designed light source system can meet the requirements for simulating the stellar map with a sky background.

Absolute Velocity and Total Stellar Aberration

It is generally accepted that stellar annual or secular aberration is attributed to the changes in velocity of the detector. We can say it in a slightly different way. By means of the all known experiments, stellar aberration is directly or indirectly detectable and measurable, only if a detector changes its velocity. Our presumption is that stellar aberration is not caused by the changes in the velocity of the detector. It exists due to the movement of the detector regarding to an absolute inertial frame. Therefore it is just the question of how to choose such a frame. In this paper it is proposed a method to detect and measure instantaneous stellar aberration due to absolute velocity. We can call it an “absolute” stellar aberration. Combining an “annual” and an “absolute” we can define a “total” stellar aberration.

基于STAR-CCM+的某轻型客车冷却系统改进

针对客车发动机冷却系统对冷却量敏感的问题,以CFD商用软件STAR-CCM+为工具,对某轻型客车冷却系统进行了模拟计算,发现在整车前面罩框进气格栅与散热器之间存在较为明显的回流现象,导致空气循环加热,降低了散热器的散热性能;并就此进行相关优化设计,采用优化策略后,该轻型客车的冷却系统使用限值超过42℃,并在道路上进行了整车热平衡试验。试验结果表明:经过优化后的冷却系统,满足了该轻型客车在热区实际实用,进一步验证了该方法的有效性。

Bright White Organic Light-emitting Device Based on 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexakis(9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)benzene

Organic light-emitting devices（OLEDs） with the structure of indium-tin-oxide（ITO）/N,N＇-bis-（1-naphthyl）-N,N＇-diphenyl-（1,1＇-biphenyl）-4,4＇-diamine（NPB）/2,9-dimenthyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline（BCP）/tris（8-hydroxyquinoline）aluminum（Alq3）/Mg：Ag or that of ITO/NPB/1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis（9,9-diethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl）benzene（HKEthFLYPh）/Alq3/Mg：Ag were studied.White light emission was achieved with the two devices when the thicknesses of BCP and HKEthFLYPh were 1.5 nm（device B） and 5 nm（device Ⅱ）,respectively.The obvious difference was that the EL spectrum of device Ⅱ was not sensitive to the thickness of HKEthFLYPh compared to that of BCP layer.Moreover,the maximum luminance of device Ⅱ was about 1000 cd/m^2 higher than that of device B at a forward bias of 15 V,and it exhibited a maximum power efficiency of 1.0 lm/W at 5.5 V,which is nearly twice that of device B.The performance of device Ⅱ using a novel star-shaped hexafluorenylbenzene organic material was improved compared with that of BCP.

Deflection of Light by the Sun as Refraction in the Gravity Polarized Vacuum

It is shown that the deflection of star light passing by the Sun, which is allegedly explainable only by general relativity, can be understood quantitatively as a quasi-classical effect of light refraction in the vacuum polarized by the Sun's gravitational field. The theory of the dielectric polarization of the vacuum proposed pre- viously is further developed for the corresponding effect of the polarization of the vacuum in a gravitational field. The resulting refractive index of the vacuum in the presence of a gravitational field gives for the deflection of light by the Sun an angle |0| = 1.77', which is in good agreement with the experimental observations and the result of general relativity. From the theory Presented, it can also be deduced that the velocity of a horizontal light beam at 1000 km above ground level of the Earth has a velocity deficit - c= 5.73 cm / s in comparison to the light velocity on the ground.

Exact Equations for the Light Doppler Effect

The influence of light source on the receiver as electromagnetic interaction is considered. The mechanical influence of the moving charged body on a motionless one is defined in the experimental laws of electrodynamics. These laws determine the changes of parameters of the light source that moves relatively the receiver. The laws of change of light frequency and its direction of the moving source are derived from the laws of electromagnetism. At small velocity of source movement they coincide with classical results: the Doppler effect and phenomenon of aberration. The interaction of the source and receiver depends only on their velocity of movement relatively each other. There is no world medium, the relative movement to which would influence the characteristics of light source.

See Stars

Jaime was taking a pleasant stroll when he was suddenly hitfrom behind. “Golly, ”he said later, “for a couple of minutes Iactually-saw-stars.”When we receive a hard bump on the head wesometimes see sparks or flashes of lights - and when that

Synthesis and application of a novel star-hyperbranched poly(acrylic acid) for improved dental restoratives

A new star-hyperbranched poly(acrylic acid) has been synthesized and incorporated into dental glassionomer cement for enhanced mechanical strengths. The effects of arm number and branching on viscosity of the polymer aqueous solution and mechanical strengths of the formed experimental cement were evaluated. It was found that the higher the arm number and the more the branching, the lower the viscosity of the polymer solution as well as the mechanical strengths of the formed cement. It was also found that the experimental cement exhibited significantly higher mechanical strengths than commercial Fuji II LC. The experimental cement was 51% in CS, 55% in compressive modulus, 118% in DTS, 82% in FS, 18% in FT and 85% in KHN higher than Fuji II LC. The experimental cement was only 6.7% of abrasive and 10% of attritional wear depths of Fuji II LC in each wear cycle. It appears that this novel experimental cement is a clinically attractive dental restorative and may potentially be used for high-wear and high-stress-bearing site restorations.

色差对星敏感器成像模型参数影响分析与补偿

星敏感器在投入使用之前需要对其进行标定以获取准确的成像模型参数值来保证姿态测量精度。现有标定方法采用单一谱段光源模拟恒星成像未考虑恒星光谱特性,色差导致标定的模型参数值和真实值存在差异。为提高模型参数准确度,首先建立了光谱差异下星敏感器恒星成像模型,进一步分析了色差对不同光谱型恒星成像模型参数的影响。在此基础上,提出采用三个典型谱段模拟恒星成像,利用三谱段成像位置信息来推算不同光谱型恒星在星敏感器工作谱段范围内成像位置,以实现对任意光谱型恒星成像模型参数的补偿。实验结果表明:相对于现有利用单一谱段标定参数测量的星角距,该补偿方法测量的星角距均方根误差降低了40.81%,有效减小了色差对星矢量测量的影响。

基于三基色LED的线性调光混合照明

为提供高品质、智能健康的照明光源,基于三基色LED光源构建了线性调光混合照明系统,并提出一种调光调色的优化方法。混合光源的光色度和光强度分别用色温和明度等级来设定,使得混合照明效果更加符合“人因照明”的需求。在系统的智能优化配光过程中,将色温转化为CIE u′v′色度坐标,明度转化为亮度,使优化计算更加精确。该系统采用线性调光的方式,既能有效避免混合光源闪烁带来的健康安全问题,配合优化算法又有效解决了线性调光色度漂移大的问题。实验结果表明,在2000 K~8000 K的色温范围内,混合照明系统混合光的色度稳定性保持在1阶CIE u′v′圆内,在对应色温下的整个光强度调节范围内无可察觉的色差。采用线性调光方式在保持光色度稳定上比脉冲宽度调光方式效果更佳。理论探究和实验结果表明该混光照明系统简易可行,具有较高的实用价值。

星模拟器的光学系统设计研究

基于数字微镜器件(DMD)的工作原理,设计一种工作在0.4~0.7μm波段的星模拟器的光学系统,用于满足星敏感器的性能测试与评估需求。光学系统包括照明系统、棱镜、DMD和投影物镜。照明方式采用科勒照明保证光线均匀照射,其均匀性达到89%。投影系统焦距为87 mm,半视场角为5.75°,出瞳直径为31 mm,出瞳距离为33 mm。该系统经过优化,在37 lp/mm的空间频率下,MTF大于0.7,接近衍射极限,系统畸变小于1%,显示出良好的成像质量。同时,在保证投影光学系统的偏心、倾斜、厚度等公差参数较宽松的情况下,成品率高。总体上,该系统结构紧凑,性能优越,为星空模拟和测试领域带来了重要的参考。

上海地区口腔住院医师规培学员对牙齿冷光美白治疗的认知及应用情况调查

目的:本研究旨在调查分析上海地区口腔住院医师规范化培训学员(以下简称“口腔规培生”)对牙齿冷光美白治疗技术的认知及应用状况,以期合理优化临床教学方案并提高住院医师规培教学质量。方法:本研究采用问卷星调查问卷法对上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔基地在培的规培生进行调查,调查内容涵盖学员的基本信息、冷光美白治疗的认知和应用情况,以及对冷光美白治疗专业理论知识的掌握程度等方面。通过设置问题选项并输入到问卷星程序中,导出问卷调查结果,进行数据统计分析。结果:共收到142份有效问卷。口腔规培生对牙齿美白治疗方法的认知顺序为冷光美白、家庭美白、激光美白,其中91.04%的调查对象知晓冷光美白,但仍有31.34%的规培生不了解具体操作步骤。在临床应用方面,使用冷光美白治疗的比例仅占42.54%。牙齿敏感酸痛和远期疗效不明确是未应用冷光美白的主要原因。关于冷光美白专业知识的掌握程度,61.96%的规培生掌握了冷光美白的照射光源,72.83%的规培生明确了冷光美白剂的主要成分,而仅有20.65%的规培生知晓冷光美白的照射光波长。结论:不同的专业、受教育程度、研究生类型和规培阶段等因素与口腔规培生对冷光美白技术的认知、临床应用率以及对专业知识的掌握程度相关。针对不同类型的规培生,建议采用分层教学模式,并配备相应的设备与师资,在住院医师规范化培训过程中增加对冷光美白治疗的讲授与临床示教,推行标准化医疗操作流程,帮助指导学员实施合理的诊疗决策和制订个体化美学诊疗方案。

图像数据自动化处理与光变曲线抽取程序

对变星、太阳系外行星等瞬变源的巡天监测产生了大量的图像数据。快速处理这些数据,生成光变曲线,探测瞬变源对时域天文学的发展非常重要。以中国科学院国家天文台兴隆观测站拥有的一批米级光学望远镜为适用对象,开发了一套图像数据自动化处理与光变曲线抽取程序PPCLP,它能够批处理原始图像并输出归一化较差测光光变曲线。程序拥有模块化、通用化、易使用化的特点,适用于多种操作系统,且使用了改进的较差测光方法,能获得较高的较差测光精度。除适用于赤道式望远镜外,也可用于处理由地平式望远镜获得的未经像场改正的数据。文章首先详细介绍了程序的架构、特点、使用方法;然后以变星V670 And的数据为例,展示了程序的处理结果;最后讨论了其局限性与后续发展方向。

共光路红外双波段小型化光学镜头分析与设计

针对中长波共光路小型化光学系统设计需求,建立了基于高斯光学与初级像差理论且尺寸受限下的二次成像结构光学指标分配模型。主镜因其边缘光线高度高和承担的光焦度小,其球差、色差和二级光谱是该系统像差的主要来源,为矫正二级光谱,可使用“-、+、-”结构形式的高、中、低相对色散材料的透镜组合作为主镜结构,此时主镜的残余像差较小,采用场镜降低中继镜组光线高度以及非球面矫正球差等方法平衡主镜残余像差。最后开展实例设计,对提出的小型化设计思想进行验证,设计了中波波长3.7~4.8μm、长波波长7.7~9.5μm的共光路双波红外小型光学系统,总长不大于135 mm,结构小巧紧凑,光学传函接近衍射极限,工作温度范围-40~60℃,且对温度不敏感。实现了基于二次成像结构光学指标分配模型的中长波共光路小型化光学系统分析及设计,满足中长波共光路小型化光学系统需求。