Fully distributed identity-based threshold signatures with identifiable aborts

Identity-based threshold signature(IDTS)is a forceful primitive to protect identity and data privacy,in which parties can collaboratively sign a given message as a signer without reconstructing a signing key.Nevertheless,most IDTS schemes rely on a trusted key generation center(KGC).Recently,some IDTS schemes can achieve escrow-free security against corrupted KGC,but all of them are vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks in the dishonest majority setting,where cheaters may force the protocol to abort without providing any feedback.In this work,we present a fully decentralized IDTS scheme to resist corrupted KGC and denialof-service attacks.To this end,we design threshold protocols to achieve distributed key generation,private key extraction,and signing generation which can withstand the collusion between KGCs and signers,and then we propose an identification mechanism that can detect the identity of cheaters during key generation,private key extraction and signing generation.Finally,we formally prove that the proposed scheme is threshold unforgeability against chosen message attacks.The experimental results show that the computation time of both key generation and signing generation is<1 s,and private key extraction is about 3 s,which is practical in the distributed environment.

MiR-142-3p Regulates ILC1s by Targeting HMGB1 via the NF-κB Pathway in a Mouse Model of Early Pregnancy Loss

Objective Innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)are a class of newly discovered immunocytes.Group 1 ILCs(ILC1s)are identified in the decidua of humans and mice.High mobility group box 1(HMGB1)is predicted to be one of the target genes of miR-142-3p,which is closely related to pregnancy-related diseases.Furthermore,miR-142-3p and HMGB1 are involved in regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.This study aimed to examine the regulatory effect of miR-142-3p on ILC1s and the underlying mechanism involving HMGB1 and the NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods Mouse models of normal pregnancy and abortion were constructed,and the alterations of ILC1s,miR-142-3p,ILC1 transcription factor(T-bet),and pro-inflammatory cytokines of ILC1s(TNF-α,IFN-γand IL-2)were detected in mice from different groups.The targeting regulation of HMGB1 by miR-142-3p in ILC1s,and the expression of HMGB1 in normal pregnant mice and abortive mice were investigated.In addition,the regulatory effects of miR-142-3p and HMGB1 on ILC1s were detected in vitro by CCK-8,Annexin-V/PI,ELISA,and RT-PCR,respectively.Furthermore,changes of the NF-κB signaling pathway in ILC1s were examined in the different groups.For the in vivo studies,miR-142-3p-Agomir was injected in the uterus of abortive mice to evaluate the abortion rate and alterations of ILC1s at the maternal-fetal interface,and further detect the expression of HMGB1,pro-inflammatory cytokines,and the NF-κB signaling pathway.Results The number of ILC1s was significantly increased,the level of HMGB1 was significantly upregulated,and that of miR-142-3p was considerably downregulated in the abortive mice as compared with the normal pregnant mice(all P<0.05).In addition,miR-142-3p was found to drastically inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway(P<0.05).The number of ILC1s and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly downregulated and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway was inhibited in the miR-142-3p Agomir group(all P<0.05).Conclusion miR-142-3p can regulate ILC1s by targeting HMGB1 via the NF-κB signaling pathway,and attenuate the inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface in abortive mice.

Populational change of CD4^(+)CD25^(+)Treg cells is responsible for the synergistic effect of the combination of RAMP2 with baicalin in treating recurrent spontaneous abortion mouse models

Background: The absence of a safe and effective therapy for recurrent spontaneous abortion due to a maternofetal failure in immunological tolerance remains an intractable clinical obstacle for surgeons. Recently, traditional Chinese medicine has become a feasible alternative for certain diseases, including recurrent spontaneous abortion. However, because of the complex composition of the traditional Chinese medicine formula, its action mechanism remains unclear. Methods: We selected two isolated active ingredients (RAMP and baicalin) from the traditional Chinese medicine formula and used an abortion-prone CBA/J × DBA/2 model to simulate human RSA and compared the changes in fetal resorption rate, Treg cell percentage, and relevant cytokines before and after combination therapy. In addition, The mechanisms were preliminarily discussed using in vitro differentiation models. Results: In CBA/J × DBA/2 abortion-prone mice, the combination therapy resulted in a lower embryo resorption rate compared to that obtained with individual delivery of either RAMP or baicalin, thereby playing an embryo-protective role through the increase in Treg cells for the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In in vitro primary cell differentiation experiments, the concentration of Treg cells significantly increased from 11% to 17.9% after the combination therapy compared to that of the single administration group. Conclusion: the synergistic effects of RAMP and baicalin were responsible for Treg differentiation. The present study provides a solid basis for improving the applicability of traditional Chinese herbs in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Potential and application of abortive transcripts as a novel molecular marker of cancers

Abortive transcript(AT)is a 2-19 nt long non-coding RNA that is produced in the abortive initiation stage.Abortive initiation was found to be closely related to RNA polymerase through in vitro experiments.Therefore,the distribution of AT length and the scale of abortive initiation are correlated to the promoter,discriminator,and transcription initiation sequence,and can be affected by transcription elongation factors.AT plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various diseases.Here we summarize the discovery of AT,the factors responsible for AT formation,the detection methods and biological functions of AT,to provide new clues for finding potential targets in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancers.

Prevalence of Induced Abortion among Female Students in Selected Tertiary Learning Institutions in Gaborone City, Botswana

Induced abortion signifies that pregnancy has been tempered with. Abortion is the removal of an embryo or fetus weighing less than 500 grams from its mother. It can either be spontaneous (unprompted) or induced. Abortion remains one of the leading causes of maternal deaths in developing countries with induced abortion being the key cause. In 2014 from January to August, 9 abortion related deaths occurred in Botswana. There are several reasons female students in tertiary institutions resort to seeking induced abortion which include the socio-demographics like age and socio-economic factors like financial instability. Parental fears, unintended pregnancy and pressure from the partner also force females to terminate pregnancy. Induced abortion has claimed many women’s lives especially in developing countries with very restrictive abortion laws like Botswana as women do not access safe abortion care services. The study intends to establish the determinants of induced abortion among female students in selected tertiary learning institutions in Gaborone City, Botswana. It concentrated primarily on determining the prevalence of induced abortion. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Systematic random sampling technique was used to come up with 278 participants. Prior to commencement of data collection, all ethical and logistical prerequisites were satisfied. Informed consent was solicited from all the study participants and the purpose of the study was fully explained. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Microsoft Excel spread sheet was used to code, clean, and enter the data, which was then exported for analysis to the statistical package for social sciences version 24. Frequency distribution tables, percentages graphs, and pie charts were used to illustrate the descriptive information. The study revealed that prevalence of induced abortion among female students in Gaborone City is 7.9%. They even suggested that induced abortion be liberalized. Age was the only socio-demographic factor associated with induced abortion with p = 0.047 using Chi Square test χ2 = 7.609, df = 3. The study findings concluded that female students resort to induced abortion as a result of pressure from both parents and male partners especially when the pregnancy is unintended. The study recommends that the abortion law in Botswana be made liberal to ease access to safe abortion care services. It also recommends that contraceptive commodities should consistently be available in public health facilities.

The effect of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiellae on infection outcomes in animals and birds

It is often said that the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance(AMR)in pathogens is the major cause of mortality.In the present study,clinical microbiology data on infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and their antimicrobial drug resistance specifically to carbapenems retrieved from Clinical Epidemiology database of the Institute were analysed to determine the impact of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiellae isolated from the clinical samples of veterinary cases and outcome of the infection because in a few recent reports it is claimed that the presence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiellae is associated with higher mortality in humans due to Klebsiella infections.The retrospective analysis of Klebsiella infections in animals and birds revealed that 21.8%of K.pneumoniae causing pneumonic or septicemic infections were carbapenem-resistant but the carbapenem resistance was not associated with increased numbers of deaths or recovery.It may be probably due to the fact that carbapenem drugs were not used for the treatment of infected animals and carbapenem resistance may not be associated with the lethality potential of Klebsiellae.

甜瓜AMS基因结构分析及基因编辑载体构建

【目的】研究鉴定甜瓜雄性不育候选基因ABORTED MICROSPORES(AMS)的基因家族,分析CRISPR基因编技术并构建其敲除载体,为甜瓜雄性不育基因AMS功能验证提供依据。【方法】采用生物信息学技术鉴定甜瓜雄性不育候选基因ABORTED MICROSPORES(AMS)家族基因,分析其进化关系、保守基序及理化性质。利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术以甜瓜AMS基因外显子区设计gRNA引物,以载体pHSN401为模板,扩增获得sgRNA克隆框,使用Bsa I酶切pHSN401载体,利用DNA重组酶构建重组载体并转化农杆菌,挑选单克隆进行培养,随后进行菌液PCR鉴定。【结果】甜瓜AMS基因编码的蛋白质长度从501~605 aa不等,平均分子量约为59351 Da,等电点为5.04~6.45,甜瓜大部分AMS基因定位在细胞核;利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,在AMS基因的CDS区设计3个靶位点,分别是AMS-pHSN401-1、AMS-pHSN401-2和AMS-pHSN401-3。【结论】AMS基因主要被预测在细胞核中表达,利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建甜瓜敲除重组载体AMS-pHSN401并转化农杆菌,获得阳性克隆。

Morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics of the seedless 'Hongjiangcheng' sweet orange

Seedless citrus has become one of the breeding goals due to its high edible ratio and convenience in fresh consumption and processing.In this study, the ‘Hongjiangcheng' sweet orange(WT) and its seedless mutant(MT) after cobalt-60 radiation were selected to study the formation metabolism of citrus seedless phenotype. Compared with WT, the MT had altered primary metabolite contents, as indicated by GC-MS analysis. The mature pollen of the MT was mostly distorted and shrunken, and the orange mutant exhibited significantly lower fertility than the WT. Through pollination experiments and paraffin sectioning of the MT, we observed self-compatibility during pollen tube germination in situ, in combination with the absence of natural parthenocarpy and arrested zygotic embryo development at the fourth week after pollination. From transcriptomic analyses of ovules in the fourth week, 815 differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified.Furthermore, according to the annotation of gene function and qRT-PCR analysis, Cs4g10930, Cs5g21900 and orange1.1t02243 were identified as candidate genes that may govern the mechanism of seedlessness. Finally, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation verified that the overexpression of Cs4g10930 and Cs5g21900 in Newhall navel orange calli inhibited embryoid production. This study provides a better understanding of seedless formation in citrus and two key genes that may play an important role in the early selection of seedless lines in citrus breeding programs.

An Automated System for Early Prediction of Miscarriage in the First Trimester Using Machine Learning

Currently, the risk factors of pregnancy loss are increasing andare considered a major challenge because they vary between cases. The earlyprediction of miscarriage can help pregnant ladies to take the needed careand avoid any danger. Therefore, an intelligent automated solution must bedeveloped to predict the risk factors for pregnancy loss at an early stage toassist with accurate and effective diagnosis. Machine learning (ML)-baseddecision support systems are increasingly used in the healthcare sector andhave achieved notable performance and objectiveness in disease predictionand prognosis. Thus, we developed a model to help obstetricians predictthe probability of miscarriage using ML. And support their decisions andexpectations about pregnancy status by providing an easy, automated way topredict miscarriage at early stages using ML tools and techniques. Althoughmany published papers proposed similar models, none of them used Saudiclinical data. Our proposed solution used ML classification algorithms tobuild a miscarriage prediction model. Four classifiers were used in this study:decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), andgradient boosting (GB). Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score, and receiveroperating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) were used to evaluatethe proposed model. The results showed that GB overperformed the otherclassifiers with an accuracy of 93.4% and ROC-AUC of 97%. This proposedmodel can assist in the early identification of at-risk pregnant women to avoidmiscarriage in the first trimester and will improve the healthcare sector inSaudi Arabia.

Correlation of Abortus Imminence Cases in the First Trimester with Biochemical Markers

Objective: In this study, we compared the biochemical markers of imminent abortion, missed abortion, and healthy pregnant women in the first trimester to see if there were any differences. Materials and Methods: The study method is prospective. Pregnant women who applied to the obstetrics clinic of Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between 01.04.22 and 31.10.22 were diagnosed with abortion imminens or missed abortion between 6 weeks and 12 weeks or had normal pregnancy follow-up, had no chronic diseases, and did not take magnesium and calcium supplements were included in the study. 20 pregnant women with missed abortion, 20 pregnant women with abortion imminens diagnosis and 20 normal pregnant women who met the criteria were included in the study. Magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and hemogram (CBC) levels were checked in pregnant women included in the study. Results: The Mg, Cu, Zn, and CBC values of the study participants’ women did not differ in a statistically significant way. When compared to pregnant women who had a normal pregnancy process, the difference in Ca value was found to be statistically substantially smaller in pregnant women who were diagnosed with abortion imminens and missed abortion. The findings of our study suggest that serum Ca levels be measured prior to conception or at the initial visit. Conclusion: Serum Ca levels were found to be significantly lower in the missed abortion group than in the abortus imminens and normal pregnant groups in our study (p 0.05).

Morbi-Mortality Linked to Unsafe Abortions—Difficulties in Accessing Safe Abortions in Cameroon: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Background: Unsafe abortions are one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, especially in developing countries. In Cameroon, the maternal mortality rate remains high, and the scarcity of data on abortions leads to a lack of solid evidence to advocate on the extent of the abortions related complications. Our objective was to evaluate the unsafe abortions related complications, and to assess the difficulties of accessing safe abortions in our setting. Methods: We carried out a meta-analytic and systematic review in the biomedical databases MEDLINE (Pubmed), Google Scholar and African Journal Online concerning unsafe abortions and/or difficulties in accessing safe abortions in Cameroon. The keywords used for the search are seen in table I. Selection of studies was simultaneously done by two authors. Data were extracted through a form designed on Google Form. We used a random-effect model for proportion estimation, and The I2 and Q statistics to assess the extent of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 430 studies were identified, from which 28 were included and analysed. About 5% (95% CI: 3 - 7) of unsafe abortions leads to death. The contribution of unsafe abortions in maternal deaths was 23% (95% CI: 20 - 27). The rate of severe bleeding and/or anemia were 40% (95% CI: 18 - 63) and the rate of infection was 17% (95% CI: 7 - 28), dominated by pelvic infections, pelviperitonitis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Case reports described uterine perforations, uterine rupture during the following pregnancy. Abortion was performed in the practitioner’s or patient’s home in 41.4% of cases, in a health center in 35.1% of cases, in a private clinic in 21.2% of cases, drugs selling places and in traditional healer clinics. The restriction of abortion laws, the stigma surrounding abortion and its consequences at any level of the society, lead to the underreporting of unsafe abortions and a deep reluctance to advocate for safe abortion services. Conclusion: The strengthening of awareness campaigns for provider behavior change communication, family planning, the de-stigmatization of abortions, the training of health personnel in post-abortion care, a multidisciplinary and multicentric action would contribute to the reduction in morbidity and mortality due to abortions.

Clinical Observation of Disposal Uterine Cavity Observation and Suction Surgery System on Terminating Pregnancy in Very Early Pregnancy

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of uterine cavity observation and suction surgery system with ultrasound guided induced abortion in very early pregnancy induced abortion surgery. Method: Select 80 patients who requested termination of pregnancy due to early pregnancy from August 2022 to April 2023, and analyze the data. 40 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided induced abortion to terminate pregnancy were included in the control group, and 40 patients who underwent uterine cavity observation surgery to terminate pregnancy were included in the observation group. Compare the surgical time, number of times the straw enters the uterine cavity, incidence of complications, and menstrual recovery time between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the surgical time between the observation group and the control group, but the number of times negative pressure straws entered the uterine cavity and the incidence of surgical complications in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P Conclusion: Applying the uterine cavity observation and suction surgical system to terminate pregnancy in very early pregnancy has the advantages of minimal damage to the uterus and low incidence of surgical complications, greatly protecting the patient’s fertility.

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding due to Retention of Fetal Bones after Abortion: A Case Report

Background: Retention of fetal bones is a rare cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. Others may present as subfertility, chronic pelvic pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, menometrorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and spontaneous expulsion of bony fragments. Incidence is 0.26% among patients undergoing hysteroscopy. Aim: To document a pattern of presentation of retained fetal bone and its management. Case Presentation: Our patient is an 18-year old who presented with vaginal bleeding of four weeks duration and managed for abnormal uterine bleeding due to retained fetal bone following second trimester abortion. Conclusion: The use of transvaginal ultrasound in making diagnosis of retained fetal bone is effective. Treatment by removal of bones through evacuation by dilatation and curettage or hysteroscopy brings about resolution of symptoms. Use of pelvic ultrasonography to confirm complete evacuation of the uterus after abortion especially second trimester abortion could aid in early diagnosis and management of incomplete abortion.

Clandestine Abortions and Its Complications at the University Hospital Center of the Sino-Central African Friendship

Introduction: In developed countries in general and particularly in the Central African Republic, clandestine abortions constitute a real health problem. The aim of our work was to study the method of carrying out clandestine abortions, to describe the profile of the providers and the complications that result from it. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Center for Sino-Central African Friendship (CHUASC) from 2015 to 2019 on 236 cases. Results: We identified a total of 254 patients for 8039 live births in the same period, a frequency of 3.16%. The age of the patients was between 15 years old and 48 years old with an average of 25 years old. Singles accounted for 42.5%. Induced abortions were more performed among students (32.6%) and the unemployed 53.6%. Contraception was used in 11.5% of cases. The methods used were numerous: misoprostol (32%), the traditional method (18%), the mechanical method (50%). In this method, we note the dilation of the cervix by the cassava stem;Hegar’s candles;the probes, which are infusion tubes cut and introduced into the cervix, of which 2 cases had escaped at the level of the uterine muscles and emerged under the skin at the pubis part two years later. The practice of induced abortions in our series was done by medical students in 37.3% followed by unqualified staff in 49.7%. It took place either at home or in centers managed by Non-Governmental Organizations. The aseptic conditions were not perfect. Some patients (43.2%) were aware of the ensuing complications. All complications were present: hemorrhage (60.7%), pelviperitonitis (23.6%), uterine perforation (6.6%), peritonitis (2.8%) and death (2%) related to sepsis. Conclusion: Clandestine abortion remains a real health problem for young Central African women.

Advances of Genetic Testing Technology in Etiology Diagnosis of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder with multiple etiologies. Genetic factors are thought to play an important role in the etiology of RSA. With recent advances in genetic testing technologies, there has been an increasing interest in using these tools to diagnose the etiology of RSA. This review discusses the different types of genetic testing methods, such as karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis, next-generation sequencing, and their applications in the diagnosis of the etiology RSA. The use of genetic testing in the diagnosis of RSA has the potential to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disorder, which could lead to better management and treatment of affected individuals.

Medication Rules of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treating Threatened Abortion in the Early Stage of Pregnancy with Subchorionic Haematoma Based on Data Mining

Objective:Using data mining technology to explore the rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of threatened abortion in the early stage of pregnancy with sub-chorionic haematoma(SCH).Methods:Literature of TCM in the treatment of threatened abortion in the early stage of pregnancy with SCH were retrieved from CNKI,VIP,WANFANG and Pubmed,EMBASE.The literature information database was established to be used for descriptive analysis,association rule analysis and cluster analysis of relevant data.Results:A total of 100 literatures were included,involving 114 Chinese herbs.The efficacy of Chinese herbs were mainly tonic drugs,hemostatic drugs,heat-clearing drugs,dissolving blood stasis and hemostatic drugs.The medicinal properties were mostly mild and warm,and the taste of the drug was mainly sweet,bitter and pungent.The liver meridian,spleen meridian and kidney meridian were frequently used.The commonly used drug pair combination was"Xu duan(Radix dipsaci,续断)-Tusizi(Semen Cuscutae,菟丝子)",and the core combination was"Tusizi-Xu duan-Ejiao(Donkeyhide gelatin,阿胶)-Baizhu(Atractylodes macrocephala,白术)-Dangshen(Codonopsis pilosula,党参)".Commonly used drugs for removing blood stasis and hemostasis were with Sanqi(Panax notoginseng,三七),Puhuang(cattail pollen,蒲黄),and Qiancao(Radix Rubiae,茜草).Conclusion:Data mining traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of threatened abortion in the early stage of pregnancy with SCH clinically commonly used drug efficacy,taste,meridian,commonly used drug pairs,core combination and commonly used blood stasis hemostatic drugs,has important reference significance for the treatment of threatened abortion in the early stage of pregnancy combined with SCH.

针灸对原因不明复发性流产患者外周血CD4^+CD8^+T细胞的影响

复发性自然流产（recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA）是指临床上连续2次或2次以上的自然流产,是一种常见的妊娠并发症,发生率占妊娠总数的0.4%~0.8%,其中约有40%~80%临床上找不到明确病因,称为原因不明复发性流产（unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion,URSA）。URSA病因十分复杂,涉及遗传、内分泌、

免疫因素在复发性流产发病中的作用

复发性流产（recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA）是指妊娠〈28周,胎儿体质量不足1 000g,连续2次及2次以上的自然流产,在我国育龄妇女中,RSA发病率约为5%。其病因除解剖异常、感染因素、内分泌因素、染色体异常外,与免疫因素有关的约占RSA总数的50%-60%。

CLEFIA-128算法的不可能差分密码分析

研究13轮CLEFIA-128算法,在9轮不可能差分攻击的基础上,提出一种未使用白化密钥的不可能差分密码分析方法。猜测每个密钥,筛选满足轮函数中S盒输入输出差分对的数据对。利用轮密钥之间的关系减少密钥猜测量,并使用Early Abort技术降低计算复杂度。计算结果表明,该方法的数据复杂度和时间复杂度分别为2120和2125.5。

中西医结合治疗老年性阴道炎60例

中西医结合治疗老年性阴道炎６０例曲玉华，王增文自１９８８年以来，笔者采用中西医结合治疗老年性阴道炎６０例，并与西药治疗６０例作对照观察，疗效显著，现报告如下。临床资料全部病例临床诊断均符合老年性阴道炎诊断标准（郑怀美．妇产科学．第２版．北京：人民卫生...