Serum proteins differentially expressed in gestational diabetes mellitus assessed using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics

BACKGROUND As a well-known fact to the public,gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)could bring serious risks for both pregnant women and infants.During this important investigation into the linkage between GDM patients and their altered expression in the serum,proteomics techniques were deployed to detect the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)of in the serum of GDM patients to further explore its pathogenesis,and find out possible biomarkers to forecast GDM occurrence.METHODS Subjects were divided into GDM and normal control groups according to the IADPSG diagnostic criteria.Serum samples were randomly selected from four cases in each group at 24-28 wk of gestation,and the blood samples were identified by applying iTRAQ technology combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Key proteins and signaling pathways associated with GDM were identified by bioinformatics analysis,and the expression of key proteins in serum from 12 wk to 16 wk of gestation was further verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS Forty-seven proteins were significantly differentially expressed by analyzing the serum samples between the GDMgravidas as well as the healthy ones. Among them, 31 proteins were found to be upregulated notably and the rest16 proteins were downregulated remarkably. Bioinformatic data report revealed abnormal expression of proteinsassociated with lipid metabolism, coagulation cascade activation, complement system and inflammatory responsein the GDM group. ELISA results showed that the contents of RBP4, as well as ANGPTL8, increased in the serumof GDM gravidas compared with the healthy ones, and this change was found to initiate from 12 wk to 16 wk ofgestation.CONCLUSION GDM symptoms may involve abnormalities in lipid metabolism, coagulation cascade activation, complementsystem and inflammatory response. RBP4 and ANGPTL8 are expected to be early predictors of GDM.

Absolute Wall Thickness Measurement of Conducting Plates Using Pulsed Eddy Currents

The method using pulsed eddy currents to determine the thickness of a conduction plate is extended to enable the simultaneous measurement of the plate thickness and material properties. For optimal performance, a probe must be designed depending on the thickness range that should be accessible. The need for a calibration of the material properties of a conducting plate to enable the measurement of its thickness has been removed. All that is needed is a probe with known dimensions and suitable hardware to create a current pulse and measure a transient magnetic induction.

Identification of protein targets for the antidepressant effects of Kai-Xin-San in Chinese medicine using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation

Kai-Xin-San consists of Ginseng Radix, Polygalae Radix, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, and Poria at a ratio of 3:3:2:2. Kai-Xin-San has been widely used for the treatment of emotional disorders in China. However, no studies have identified the key proteins implicated in response to Kai-Xin-San treatment. In this study, rat models of chronic mild stress were established using different stress methods over 28 days. After 14 days of stress stimulation, rats received daily intragastric administrations of 600 mg/kg Kai-Xin-San. The sucrose preference test was used to determine depression-like behavior in rats, while isobaric tags were used for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomics to identify altered proteins following Kai-Xin-San treatment. Kai-Xin-San treatment for 2 weeks noticeably improved depression-like behaviors in rats with chronic mild stress. We identified 33 differentially expressed proteins: 7 were upregulated and 26 were downregulated. Functional analysis showed that these differentially expressed proteins participate in synaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment, and neurogenesis. Our results indicate that Kai-Xin-San has an important role in regulating the key node proteins in the synaptic signaling network, and are helpful to better understand the mechanism of the antidepressive effects of Kai-Xin-San and to provide objective theoretical support for its clinical application. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research from the Chinese PLA General Hospital(approval No. X5-2016-07) on March 5, 2016.

Different protein expression patterns in rat spinal nerves during wallerian degeneration assessed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics profiling

Sensory and motor nerve fibers of peripheral nerves have different anatomies and regeneration functions after injury. To gain a clear understanding of the biological processes behind these differences, we used a labeling technique termed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to investigate the protein profiles of spinal nerve tissues from Sprague-Dawley rats. In response to Wallerian degeneration, a total of 626 proteins were screened in sensory nerves, of which 368 were upregulated and 258 were downregulated. In addition, 637 proteins were screened in motor nerves, of which 372 were upregulated and 265 were downregulated. All identified proteins were analyzed using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of bioinformatics, and the presence of several key proteins closely related to Wallerian degeneration were tested and verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. The differentially expressed proteins only identified in the sensory nerves were mainly relevant to various biological processes that included cell-cell adhesion, carbohydrate metabolic processes and cell adhesion, whereas differentially expressed proteins only identified in the motor nerves were mainly relevant to biological processes associated with the glycolytic process, cell redox homeostasis, and protein folding. In the aspect of the cellular component, the differentially expressed proteins in the sensory and motor nerves were commonly related to extracellular exosomes, the myelin sheath, and focal adhesion. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, the differentially expressed proteins identified are primarily related to various types of metabolic pathways. In conclusion, the present study screened differentially expressed proteins to reveal more about the differences and similarities between sensory and motor nerves during Wallerian degeneration. The present findings could provide a reference point for a future investigation into the differences between sensory and motor nerves in Wallerian degeneration and the characteristics of peripheral nerve regeneration. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, China(approval No. 2016-x9-07) in September 2016.

Estimation of peak relative velocity and peak absolute acceleration of linear SDOF systems

We have found some mistakes in the article by Jianwei Song et al. （2007）. The revisions are given below：

Super Antibiotics, Part IV. Hyperforin, Relative and Absolute Stereochemistry Elucidated by Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry with Supersonic Molecular Beams

Relative and absolute stereochemistry for hyperforin has been proposed by Brondz et al. was supported and new isomer of hyperforin-perforatrin has been discovered. Relative and absolute stereochemistry for perforatrin was proposed and elucidated by using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams (SMB). The possibility of the existence of ambiguities in chirality as a hypothesis for the existence, and a new understanding, of chiral substances with shifting chirality is presented.

The Use of a Combination of RDC and Chiroptical Spectroscopy for Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Fusariumin A from the Fungus Fusarium sp.

A new alkylpyrrole derivative,fusariumin A(1),was isolated from the culture broth of the fungus Fusarium sp.The absolute configuration of fuasiumin A has been established as(2'R,3'R)using a combination of RDC(residual dipolar coupling)-based NMR and DFT-supported chiroptical spectroscopy.It is worth to note that in this study without the aid of the RDC analysis,an unambiguous determination of configuration and conformation was not feasible due to the excessive conformational possibilities of this open-chain compound.

Quantitative prediction of oil saturation of unconsolidated sandstone reservoir based on time-lapse seismic “relative difference method”: Taking Zeta oil field in West Africa as an example

In view of the disadvantage that the absolute difference of time-lapse seismic(the difference between monitoring data and base data) is not only related to the change of oil saturation, but also closely related to the thickness of reservoir, a time-lapse seismic "relative difference method"(the ratio of monitoring data to base data) not affected by the thickness of reservoir but only related to the change of fluid saturation, is proposed through seismic forward modeling after fluid displacement simulation. Given the same change of fluid saturation, the absolute difference of time-lapse seismic conforms to the law of "tuning effect" and seismic reflection of "thin bed", and the remaining oil prediction method based on absolute difference of time-lapse seismic is only applicable to the reservoirs with uniform thickness smaller than the tuning thickness or with thickness greater than the tuning thickness. The relative difference of time-lapse seismic is not affected by reservoir thickness, but only related to the change of fluid saturation. It is applicable to all the deep-sea unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs which can exclude the effect of pressure, temperature, pore type and porosity on seismic. Therefore, the relation between the relative difference of time-lapse seismic and the change of fluid saturation, which is obtained from seismic forward modeling after Gassmann fluid displacement simulation, can be used to quantitatively predict the change of reservoir water saturation and then the distribution of the remaining oil. The application of this method in deep sea Zeta oil field in west Africa shows that it is reasonable and effective.

Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation-Based Proteomics for Investigating the Effect of Guasha on Lumbar Disc Herniation in Rats

Objective:The objective of the study is to examine the possible mechanism by which Guasha(scraping therapy)affects the expression profiles of proteins in a lumbar disc herniation(LDH)rat model using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)-based proteomics.Methods:Thirty-six rats were used in this study.LDH rats were subjected to noncompressive LDH surgeries.Rats were randomly divided into the model and Guasha groups.Guasha was applied on alternate days for a total of nine times(three courses).At the end of each course,six rats were randomly selected from each group and their blood samples were collected.iTRAQ labeling was used to examine the mechanism of action of Guasha against LDH.The molecular functions,cellular components,and biological processes were analyzed using gene ontology analysis.The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis database was used to identify canonical pathways involving these proteins.Results:Compared to the model group,198,182,and 170 proteins were identified as differentially expressed at the three respective Guasha treatment courses.Pathways,including focal adhesion kinase signaling,acute-phase response signaling,and the LXR/RXR activation pathway,were closely related to the effects of Guasha in LDH rats.Furthermore,Rac1,Orm1,and Hpx were validated by western blotting,and the results were consistent with the protein expression levels observed using the iTRAQ method.Conclusion:Guasha could not only regulate the pathological changes related to LDH,but also achieve therapeutic effects by stimulating physiological changes.Our results offer a better understanding of the effects of Guasha on LDH.

基于自噬基因的度洛西汀抗抑郁疗效预测模型的构建

目的:通过生物信息学方法构建基于自噬基因的度洛西汀抗抑郁疗效预测模型。方法:在高通量基因表达数据库中下载GSE146446数据集,该芯片包括96例患者接受抗抑郁药物度洛西汀8周的治疗,组织样本为全血样本,以度洛西汀治疗8周后是否有效分组,筛选两组间的差异表达基因,与自噬基因集取交集。利用最小绝对值收敛和选择算法回归(LASSO)及Logistic回归构建疗效预测模型。结果:SPNS1、ITPR3基因的表达水平均为度洛西汀抗抑郁疗效的影响因素(P均<0.05)。LASSO-Logistic回归模型:Logit(P)=33.7846+(-2.8615×SPNS1表达水平)+(-1.7716×ITPR3表达水平),其中Logit(P)=ln[P/(1-P)]。结论:基于自噬相关基因(SPNS1、ITPR3)表达量的度洛西汀的抗抑郁疗效预测模型具有较好的区分度、校准度以及疗效预测效能,未来可能为抑郁症患者使用度洛西汀药物治疗提供更为科学可靠的证据。

“玩劳动”中的劳动逻辑与绝对剩余价值的生产

数字经济的轨道逐渐成熟,一种将网民上网消遣戏称为“玩劳动”的命名方式日趋流行。基于马克思劳动价值论的逻辑,“玩劳动”符合马克思关于商品与劳动的说法。网民的工作时间便是上网时间,以追求剩余价值生产的视角分析,平台资本家获取绝对剩余价值的方式便是延长网民的上网时间。同时,“玩劳动”生产过程中劳动者的报酬可用劳动者需求的满足来代偿,人的感情、尊重和自我实现这三种需求得到满足后,即时得到货币的代偿报酬。平台资本用占有、强迫和异化三步实施剥削,迫使劳动者自愿出卖自己,然后将劳动异化,这就构成“玩劳动”的剥削。

iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis of aqueous humor in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To preliminarily test proteomics in aqueous humor in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD) by using the proteomic technology.METHODS: Aqueous humor samples were collected from patients with or without dry AMD, who underwent cataract surgery. The aqueous samples were analyzed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(i TRAQ) combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) technology. The differential expressed proteins were analyzed with gene ontology(GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) and protein-protein interaction(PPI) network analysis. The data were partly validated by ELISA and Western blot. False discovery rate(FDR) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 244 proteins were detected, in which 38 proteins were up-regulated and 51 were down-regulated significantly in patients with dry AMD compared with that in control groups(FDR value <1.0%). Several proteins, e.g., protein S100-A8(S10 A8), dystroglycan(DAG1), Ig alpha-1 chain C region(IGHA1), carbonic anhydrase 3(CAH3) and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein(A1 AG1) were increased more than 5 times of that in control group. The bioinformatics analysis showed that dry AMD is closely associated with inflammation or immune reaction, oxidative stress, blood coagulation and remodeling of extracellular matrix.CONCLUSION: i TRAQ-based proteomic analysis of aqueous humor demonstrate the differential expressions of proteins between dry AMD and control groups, providing the clues to understand the mechanisms and possible treatments of dry AMD.

Relativity of Environmental Rights:On Justification of Purposive Environmental Rights

Environmental rights in the early days,as a product of the combination of environmental crises and the ideas of human rights,had a tendency toward being considered absolute.Absolute environmental rights are of enlightening significance in the context of“existing problems in the absence of a system.”However,absolute environmental rights only consider environmental protection while excluding social and economic interests,and therefore cannot be exercised in legal practice.Legal practice now recognizes relative environmental rights that coordinate environmental protection and social and economic development.Given the ambiguous content of environmental rights,it is inappropriate to use external restrictions,and only internal restrictions can be applied.The content of environmental rights should be changed to take into account social and economic factors,and the inevitable result of the change is the shift from absolute environmental rights to relative environmental rights.The legislative purpose of environmental laws in various countries is the dualism of purpose that coordinates environmental protection with social and economic development.The dualism of purpose dovetails with relative environmental rights,and environmental rights should be positioned as purposive environmental rights in environmental law.

On the Elementary Mechanical Effects of the Space-Time-Symmetry Relativity

This paper is an addendum to the article “On the Evolution of Approaches to the Space- Time Symmetry”, Natural Science, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 81-84, 2018. The analysis is based on the Galileo’s postulate that all inertial reference frames are equal. The postulate results immediately in the absolute speed limit, which is identical for all bodies in all reference frames. Two kinds of elementary particles are admitted: unhurried and restless ones (ex-emplified, accordingly, with electrons and photons). Any particle may be treated as wave packet, the particle mass and momentum depending on the reference frame. Thus, space-time-sym- metry is the natural background for the relativistic and quantum theo-ries.

理解相对时空观的一个简单例子

绝对时空观正确则伽利略速度变换公式成立.本文从世界观角度分析一个常见的伽利略速度变换不成立的例子,指出其中世界观的冲突,引导重建自洽的包含相对时空观的世界观.

基于iTRAQ技术的阿司匹林相关胃黏膜病变差异蛋白质组学研究

目的应用同位素相对标记与绝对定量技术(isotope relative labeling and absolute quantification technique,iTRAQ)筛选阿司匹林相关胃黏膜病变的差异蛋白,分析生物信息,探讨阿司匹林导致胃黏膜病变的发病机制。方法分别收集口服阿司匹林6个月以上患者的胃黏膜病变(包括胃炎、胃溃疡)标本作为实验组,未口服阿司匹林健康体检者的正常胃黏膜标本作为对照组,采用iTRAQ技术对差异蛋白进行筛选与鉴定。通过检索Gene Ontology数据库,针对细胞组分、生物学过程、分子功能对差异蛋白在功能方面进行富集;通过KEGG的Pathway数据库,定位差异蛋白到相应的生化代谢途径和信号转导途径,将不同的蛋白质富集到共同代谢途径中。结果共鉴定出298个差异蛋白,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义,其中235个蛋白表达上调,63个蛋白表达下调。生物信息学分析发现差异蛋白主要参与了129种细胞组分、733种生物学过程、123种分子功能、55条信号转导通路。差异蛋白的基因分子功能主要包括异源性二聚体蛋白的活性、MAPK级联反应、受体激动剂活性、CCR10趋化因子受体结合、氨甲酰磷酸合成酶活性、CXCR5趋化因子受体结合、H-K交换ATP酶活性等,差异蛋白主要富集在内吞作用、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用信号通路上。结论阿司匹林可能通过上调或下调多种差异蛋白,如下调EGFR参与内吞作用、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等多种信号途径损伤胃黏膜。为进一步阐明阿司匹林相关胃黏膜致病机制提供了理论依据。

Output Linearization of Single-Input Single-Output Fuzzy System to Improve Accuracy and Performance

For fuzzy systems to be implemented effectively,the fuzzy membership function(MF)is essential.A fuzzy system(FS)that implements precise input and output MFs is presented to enhance the performance and accuracy of single-input single-output(SISO)FSs and introduce the most applicable input and output MFs protocol to linearize the fuzzy system’s output.Utilizing a variety of non-linear techniques,a SISO FS is simulated.The results of FS experiments conducted in comparable conditions are then compared.The simulated results and the results of the experimental setup agree fairly well.The findings of the suggested model demonstrate that the relative error is abated to a sufficient range(≤±10%)and that the mean absolute percentage error(MPAE)is reduced by around 66.2%.The proposed strategy to reduceMAPE using an FS improves the system’s performance and control accuracy.By using the best input and output MFs protocol,the energy and financial efficiency of every SISO FS can be improved with very little tuning of MFs.The proposed fuzzy system performed far better than other modern days approaches available in the literature.

CT引导下腹腔神经丛无水乙醇毁损术对癌因性上腹痛的镇痛效果

目的探讨CT引导下腹腔神经丛无水乙醇毁损术对癌因性上腹痛的镇痛效果。方法根据止痛方法的不同将89例癌因性上腹痛患者分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=44),对照组患者采用蛛网膜下腔镇痛,观察组患者采用CT引导下腹腔神经丛无水乙醇毁损术镇痛。比较两组患者的疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]、止痛有效率、生活质量[卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分]及并发症发生情况。结果治疗后1周、1个月及3个月,两组患者的VAS评分均低于本组治疗前,且观察组患者的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的止痛总有效率为97.78%(44/45),高于对照组患者的79.55%(35/44),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后1周、1个月及3个月,两组患者的KPS评分均高于本组治疗前,且观察组患者KPS评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的并发症总发生率为8.89%(4/45),与对照组患者的4.76%(2/44)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CT引导下腹腔神经丛无水乙醇毁损术对癌因性上腹痛具有良好镇痛效果,可提高患者的生活质量,安全可靠。

Robust Radiometric Normalization of the near Equatorial Satellite Images Using Feature Extraction and Remote Sensing Analysis

Relative radiometric normalization (RRN) minimizes radiometric differences among images caused by inconsistencies of acquisition conditions rather than changes in surface. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) has the ability to automatically extract control points (CPs) and is commonly used for remote sensing images. However, its results are mostly inaccurate and sometimes contain incorrect matching caused by generating a small number of false CP pairs. These CP pairs have high false alarm matching. This paper presents a modified method to improve the performance of SIFT CPs matching by applying sum of absolute difference (SAD) in a different manner for the new optical satellite generation called near-equatorial orbit satellite and multi-sensor images. The proposed method, which has a significantly high rate of correct matches, improves CP matching. The data in this study were obtained from the RazakSAT satellite a new near equatorial satellite system. The proposed method involves six steps: 1) data reduction, 2) applying the SIFT to automatically extract CPs, 3) refining CPs matching by using SAD algorithm with empirical threshold, and 4) calculation of true CPs intensity values over all image’ bands, 5) preforming a linear regression model between the intensity values of CPs locate in reverence and sensed image’ bands, 6) Relative radiometric normalization conducting using regression transformation functions. Different thresholds have experimentally tested and used in conducting this study (50 and 70), by followed the proposed method, and it removed the false extracted SIFT CPs to be from 775, 1125, 883, 804, 883 and 681 false pairs to 342, 424, 547, 706, 547, and 469 corrected and matched pairs, respectively.

关于“东方”概念的几点思考

以西方为参照系研究东方的学问,我们称之为“东方学”。而东方学话语体系中最为核心的概念便是“东方”。然而,这个概念无论是内涵抑或外延,并非不证自明。我们究竟应该如何科学地从本体论的高度去界定“东方”这一概念,这不仅是学理的问题,实质上也交织着话语权力运作的问题。本文拟聚焦构成“东西方”话语体系重要节点的几个概念,尝试性地对东西方形象进行宏观层面的勾勒,对东西方在政治、经济、文化等层面上所表现出来的差异进行一些探讨,借此揭示东西方二元对立僵局的实质,并阐明当代“东方人”应该坚持的态度。