During the storage of water and the initial running of a reservoir, part of the dissolved nutrients released from the soil in water will effect water quality. Taking Qinglongshan Reservoir as an example, estimating th...During the storage of water and the initial running of a reservoir, part of the dissolved nutrients released from the soil in water will effect water quality. Taking Qinglongshan Reservoir as an example, estimating the value of the contribution of dissolved nutrients to the water quality and analyzing the trend or level of the dissolved nutrients effecting on the water quality under the soil nutrient inquiring, the soil nutrient monitoring, and the dissolving experiment of nutrients released from soil, also according to the capacity curve of Qinglongshan Reservoir.展开更多
Rabbits with the body weight of （2.0 ± 0.5 ） kg were chosen, to study the effects of sustained-release calcium hydroxide and sustained-release hydro- chloric acid on nutrient digestion and absorption of rabbits...Rabbits with the body weight of （2.0 ± 0.5 ） kg were chosen, to study the effects of sustained-release calcium hydroxide and sustained-release hydro- chloric acid on nutrient digestion and absorption of rabbits. The results showed that sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of nutri- ents, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein was increased from 89.8% and 93.8% to 41.0% and 65.2%, respec- tively. Sustained-release hydrochloric acid was adverse to digestion and absorption of nutrients, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein were decreased from 55.5% and 84.9% to 28.4% and 68.7%, respectively. The promotion effects of sustained-release hydrochloride on diges- tion lasted for 3 -4 d. Therefore, sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of calcium and protein, while digestion and absorption of fat remained at a high level no matter what the condition was. Consequently, increasing the intake of fat would cause over nutrition. However, taking sustained-re- lease hydrochloric acid would reduce nutrient digestion and absorption.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore release characteristics of vinyl chlo- ride-vinyl acetate copolymer controlled-release N fertilizer and the effects on minerat nitrogen in soils. [Method] Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetat...[Objective] The aim was to explore release characteristics of vinyl chlo- ride-vinyl acetate copolymer controlled-release N fertilizer and the effects on minerat nitrogen in soils. [Method] Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer and hydroxyl-modi- fied VCNAc were taken as coating materials to prepare slow release fertilizer. Nutri- ent release characteristics of VC/VAc slow release fertilizer was evaluated by water immersion method and the effects of VC/VAc slow release fertilizer on mineral ni- trogen were researched by pot experiment. [Result] The release periods of VC-VAc controlled-release urea and hydroxyl-modified VC/VAc coated urea were 60 and 50 d, respectively. Furthermore, the content of ammonium nitrogen reached the peak on the 30th d and the content of nitrate nitrogen reached the peak on the 60th d in soils in treatments with VCNAc and hydroxyl-modified VC/VAc; the content of nitrate nitrogen rose again on the 120th d in the treatment with VC/VAc. In terms of wheat yield, different treatments showed insignificant differences and rice yield in the treatment with VCNAc was significantly higher than that in the treatment with hy- droxyl-modified VCNAc （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The release days of slow controlled- release fertilizer vary upon pot experiment method and water immersion method. Slow controlled-release fertilizer is not suitable for monoculture, due to long fertilizer efficiency, but multiple cropping would be optimal for its role to be fully exploited.展开更多
Turkey’s inland water ecosystem consists of 33 rivers (177.714 miles), 200 natural lakes (906.118 ha), 159 reservoirs (342.377 ha) and 750 ponds (15.500 ha). Sedimentological studies conducted on inland water ecosyst...Turkey’s inland water ecosystem consists of 33 rivers (177.714 miles), 200 natural lakes (906.118 ha), 159 reservoirs (342.377 ha) and 750 ponds (15.500 ha). Sedimentological studies conducted on inland water ecosystems during the last 15 years in Turkey can be categorized into two main topics. The first group of studies is concerned with heavy metal levels in sediment, with especial reference to the interaction between water, sediment and aquatic organisms. Additionally, the studies in question deal with the potential impacts of heavy metal concentrations on the ecosystem. The second group of studies is concerned with the role of eutrophication in the sediment as a result of serious contamination of inland water ecosystems. It is known that the sediment can directly influence the nutrient level in standing inland waters such as lakes and ponds by way of internal nutrient loading. In this context, studies regarding sediment, overlying water, sediment pore water and nutrient release from the sediment should be emphasized as these are important steps with respect to the eutrophication process. By keeping these studies in mind, the researcher in this study compiled and analyzed studies dealing with inland water ecosystems with differing nutrient levels and uses, including for drinking water, in Turkey’s drainage basins. In addition, field and laboratory studies regarding nutrient release from sediment into Turkey’s inland water ecosystems were evaluated in light of lake management practices.展开更多
【目的】研究含海藻酸水溶肥对苹果长势、产量、品质、养分吸收及根域土壤养分的影响,为其在苹果园合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】进行2 a(年)定位试验,以新红星为供试材料,设置5个处理,NPK(C)(常规施肥)、NPK(F)(传统水溶肥)、NPK(HF)...【目的】研究含海藻酸水溶肥对苹果长势、产量、品质、养分吸收及根域土壤养分的影响,为其在苹果园合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】进行2 a(年)定位试验,以新红星为供试材料,设置5个处理,NPK(C)(常规施肥)、NPK(F)(传统水溶肥)、NPK(HF)(含海藻酸水溶肥)、3/4NPK(HF)(减施25%含海藻酸水溶肥)和1/2NPK(HF)(减施50%含海藻酸水溶肥),测定不同处理苹果生长、果实品质、养分含量、土壤养分等相关指标。【结果】连续2 a 3/4NPK(HF)处理均能增加苹果产量、叶片百叶鲜质量和叶面积,且其产量连续2 a均最高,较NPK(C)处理分别增加20.74%和101.20%。同时,与NPK(C)处理相比,2017年含海藻酸水溶肥处理均增加果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比,降低可滴定酸含量,2018年,1/2NPK(HF)处理的可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和可滴定酸含量呈相反趋势,降低果实品质。连续2 a 3/4NPK(HF)处理和1/2NPK(HF)处理均降低了色度角,其中,2018年较NPK(HF)处理分别显著降低20.50%和38.66%。此外,2018年,3/4NPK(HF)处理叶片磷钾养分含量最高,显著高于NPK(C)和NPK(F)处理,但其果实磷钾含量与其他处理无显著差异,且3/4NPK(HF)处理和1/2NPK(HF)处理土壤铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均高于NPK(C)处理。主成分分析表明,连续2 a 3/4NPK(HF)处理的综合得分均最高,排名第一。【结论】在当前苹果园区,连续2 a减施25%含海藻酸水溶肥均可增加百叶鲜质量,提高苹果产量,保证果实品质和着色,增加叶片氮和土壤铵态氮含量,而减施50%含海藻酸水溶肥不利于可溶性固形物的积累。综合分析,连续2 a含海藻酸水溶肥减施25%综合效果最优。展开更多
文摘During the storage of water and the initial running of a reservoir, part of the dissolved nutrients released from the soil in water will effect water quality. Taking Qinglongshan Reservoir as an example, estimating the value of the contribution of dissolved nutrients to the water quality and analyzing the trend or level of the dissolved nutrients effecting on the water quality under the soil nutrient inquiring, the soil nutrient monitoring, and the dissolving experiment of nutrients released from soil, also according to the capacity curve of Qinglongshan Reservoir.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576055)
文摘Rabbits with the body weight of （2.0 ± 0.5 ） kg were chosen, to study the effects of sustained-release calcium hydroxide and sustained-release hydro- chloric acid on nutrient digestion and absorption of rabbits. The results showed that sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of nutri- ents, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein was increased from 89.8% and 93.8% to 41.0% and 65.2%, respec- tively. Sustained-release hydrochloric acid was adverse to digestion and absorption of nutrients, especially calcium and crude protein. The digestibility of calcium and crude protein were decreased from 55.5% and 84.9% to 28.4% and 68.7%, respectively. The promotion effects of sustained-release hydrochloride on diges- tion lasted for 3 -4 d. Therefore, sustained-release calcium hydroxide promoted digestion and absorption of calcium and protein, while digestion and absorption of fat remained at a high level no matter what the condition was. Consequently, increasing the intake of fat would cause over nutrition. However, taking sustained-re- lease hydrochloric acid would reduce nutrient digestion and absorption.
基金Supported by National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation(201203013)Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-11-B-15)+2 种基金IPNI Project(JIANGSU-10)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003014-1-2)Jiangsu Agriculture S&T Self-Innovation Project[CX(12)3037]~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore release characteristics of vinyl chlo- ride-vinyl acetate copolymer controlled-release N fertilizer and the effects on minerat nitrogen in soils. [Method] Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer and hydroxyl-modi- fied VCNAc were taken as coating materials to prepare slow release fertilizer. Nutri- ent release characteristics of VC/VAc slow release fertilizer was evaluated by water immersion method and the effects of VC/VAc slow release fertilizer on mineral ni- trogen were researched by pot experiment. [Result] The release periods of VC-VAc controlled-release urea and hydroxyl-modified VC/VAc coated urea were 60 and 50 d, respectively. Furthermore, the content of ammonium nitrogen reached the peak on the 30th d and the content of nitrate nitrogen reached the peak on the 60th d in soils in treatments with VCNAc and hydroxyl-modified VC/VAc; the content of nitrate nitrogen rose again on the 120th d in the treatment with VC/VAc. In terms of wheat yield, different treatments showed insignificant differences and rice yield in the treatment with VCNAc was significantly higher than that in the treatment with hy- droxyl-modified VCNAc （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] The release days of slow controlled- release fertilizer vary upon pot experiment method and water immersion method. Slow controlled-release fertilizer is not suitable for monoculture, due to long fertilizer efficiency, but multiple cropping would be optimal for its role to be fully exploited.
文摘Turkey’s inland water ecosystem consists of 33 rivers (177.714 miles), 200 natural lakes (906.118 ha), 159 reservoirs (342.377 ha) and 750 ponds (15.500 ha). Sedimentological studies conducted on inland water ecosystems during the last 15 years in Turkey can be categorized into two main topics. The first group of studies is concerned with heavy metal levels in sediment, with especial reference to the interaction between water, sediment and aquatic organisms. Additionally, the studies in question deal with the potential impacts of heavy metal concentrations on the ecosystem. The second group of studies is concerned with the role of eutrophication in the sediment as a result of serious contamination of inland water ecosystems. It is known that the sediment can directly influence the nutrient level in standing inland waters such as lakes and ponds by way of internal nutrient loading. In this context, studies regarding sediment, overlying water, sediment pore water and nutrient release from the sediment should be emphasized as these are important steps with respect to the eutrophication process. By keeping these studies in mind, the researcher in this study compiled and analyzed studies dealing with inland water ecosystems with differing nutrient levels and uses, including for drinking water, in Turkey’s drainage basins. In addition, field and laboratory studies regarding nutrient release from sediment into Turkey’s inland water ecosystems were evaluated in light of lake management practices.
文摘【目的】研究含海藻酸水溶肥对苹果长势、产量、品质、养分吸收及根域土壤养分的影响,为其在苹果园合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】进行2 a(年)定位试验,以新红星为供试材料,设置5个处理,NPK(C)(常规施肥)、NPK(F)(传统水溶肥)、NPK(HF)(含海藻酸水溶肥)、3/4NPK(HF)(减施25%含海藻酸水溶肥)和1/2NPK(HF)(减施50%含海藻酸水溶肥),测定不同处理苹果生长、果实品质、养分含量、土壤养分等相关指标。【结果】连续2 a 3/4NPK(HF)处理均能增加苹果产量、叶片百叶鲜质量和叶面积,且其产量连续2 a均最高,较NPK(C)处理分别增加20.74%和101.20%。同时,与NPK(C)处理相比,2017年含海藻酸水溶肥处理均增加果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比,降低可滴定酸含量,2018年,1/2NPK(HF)处理的可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和可滴定酸含量呈相反趋势,降低果实品质。连续2 a 3/4NPK(HF)处理和1/2NPK(HF)处理均降低了色度角,其中,2018年较NPK(HF)处理分别显著降低20.50%和38.66%。此外,2018年,3/4NPK(HF)处理叶片磷钾养分含量最高,显著高于NPK(C)和NPK(F)处理,但其果实磷钾含量与其他处理无显著差异,且3/4NPK(HF)处理和1/2NPK(HF)处理土壤铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均高于NPK(C)处理。主成分分析表明,连续2 a 3/4NPK(HF)处理的综合得分均最高,排名第一。【结论】在当前苹果园区,连续2 a减施25%含海藻酸水溶肥均可增加百叶鲜质量,提高苹果产量,保证果实品质和着色,增加叶片氮和土壤铵态氮含量,而减施50%含海藻酸水溶肥不利于可溶性固形物的积累。综合分析,连续2 a含海藻酸水溶肥减施25%综合效果最优。
