Thermal Diffusion Effect on MHD Heat and Mass Transfer Flow past a Semi Infinite Moving Vertical Porous Plate with Heat Generation and Chemical Reaction

The objective of present work is to study the thermo diffusion effect on an unsteady simultaneous convective heat and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting, heat generating/absorbing fluid along a semi-infinite moving porous plate embedded in a porous medium with the presence of pressure gradient, thermal radiation field and chemical reaction. It is assumed that the permeable plate is embedded in a uniform porous medium and moves with a constant velocity in the flow direction in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. It is also assumed that the free stream consists of a mean velocity, temperature and concentration over which are super imposed an exponentially varying with time. The equations of continuity, momentum, energy and diffusion, which govern the flow field, are solved by using a regular perturbation method. The behavior of the velocity, temperature, concentration, Skin-friction, rate of heat transfer and rate of mass transfer has been discussed for variations in the physical parameters. An increase in both Pr and R results a decrease in thermal boundary layer thickness. However, concentration decreases as Kr, Sc increase but it increases with an increase in both So and δ.

Aqueous ammonia solution cooling absorption refrigeration driven by fishing boat diesel exhaust heat

A solution cooling absorption（SCA）approach is proposed to modify the aqueous ammonia absorption refrigerat-ion cycle using the strong solution from the absorber to cool the forepart of the absorption in the cycle for reclaiming some portion of absorption heat.As a consequence of raised temperature at the inlet,the strong solution partially boils at the outlet of the solution heat exchanger,and diminishes the thermal heat consumption of the heat source.The calculation results show that the coefficient of performance（COP）of this modified cycle is about 28.3% higher than that of the traditional cycle under typical conditions;while the required heat transfer area of the total heat exchangers of the cycle is somewhat less than that of the traditional one.The capacity of refrigeration with the new absorption cycle is more than doubled in contrast to the adsorption scheme with an identical configuration.It is sufficient to supply a fishing boat the chilling capacity for preservation of fishing products with the modified cycle chiller driven by its diesel engine exhaust.

Mass transfer enhancement for LiBr solution using ultrasonic wave

The methods were studied to improve the cooling performance of the absorption refrigeration system(ARS) driven by low-grade solar energy with ultrasonic wave, while the mechanism of ultrasonic wave strengthening boiling mass transfer in LiB r solution was also analyzed with experiment. The experimental results indicate that, under the driving heat source of 60–100 oC and the ultrasonic power of 20–60 W, the mass flux of cryogen water in Li Br solution is higher after the application of ultrasonic wave than auxiliary heating with electric rod of the same power, so the ultrasonic application effectively enhances the heat utilization efficiency. The distance H from ultrasonic transducer to vapor/liquid interface significantly affects mass transfer enhancement, so an optimal Hopt corresponding to certain ultrasonic power is beneficial to reaching the best strengthening effect for ultrasonic mass transfer. When the ultrasonic power increases, the mass transfer obviously speeds up in the cryogen water; however, as the power increases to a certain extent, the flux reaches a plateau without obvious increment. Moreover, the ultrasound-enhanced mass transfer technology can reduce the minimum temperature of driving heat source required by ARS and promote the application of solar energy during absorption refrigeration.

Radiation-absorption,chemical reaction,Hall and ion slip impacts on magnetohydrodynamic free convective flow over semi-infinite moving absorbent surface

The investigation of radiation-absorption,chemical reaction,Hall and ion-slip impacts on unsteady MHD free convective laminar flow of an incompressible viscous,electrically conducting and heat generation/absorbing fluid enclosed with a semi-infinite porous plate within a rotating frame has been premeditated.The plate is assumed to be moving with a constant velocity in the direction of fluid movement.A uniform transverse magnetic field is applied at right angles to the porous surface,which is absorbing the fluid with a suction velocity changing with time.The non-dimensional governing equations for present investigation are solved analytically making use of two term harmonic and non-harmonic functions.The graphical results of velocity,temperature and concentration distributions on the analytical solutions are displayed and discussed with reference to pertinent parameters.It is found that the velocity profiles decreased with an increasing in Hartmann number,rotation parameter,the Schmidt number,heat source parameter,while it increased due to an increase in permeability parameter,radiation-absorption parameter,Hall and ion slip parameters.However,the temperature profile is an increasing function of radiation-absorption parameter,whereas an increase in chemical reaction parameter,the Schmidt number Sc or frequency of oscillations decrease the temperature profile on cooling.Also,it is found that the concentration profile is decreased with an escalating in the Schmidt number or the chemical reaction parameter.

Heat and mass transfer through spiral tubes in absorber of absorption heat pump system for waste heat recovery

Heat and mass transfer of a LiBr/water absorption heat pump system(AHP)was experimentally studied during working a heating-up mode.The examination was performed for a single spiral tube,which was simulated for heat transfer tubes in an absorber.The inside and outside of the tube were subjected to a film flow of the absorption liquid and exposed to the atmosphere,respectively.The maximum temperature of the absorption liquid was observed not at the entrance but in the region a little downward from the entrance in the tube.The steam absorption convective heat transfer coefficient between the liquid film flowing down and the inside wall of the temperature and the film temperature at the maximum temperature location and the bottom.The film heat and mass transfer coefficients rose with increasing Reynolds number of the liquid film stream.The coefficients showed opposite trend to the empirical correlation reported for laminar film flow on a straight smooth tube in a refrigeration mode in the past work.The fact can be caused due to a turbulent promotion effect of the liquid in a spiral tube.

Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of NH3-H2O Falling Film Absorption on Inner Tube Surface with Low Solution Flow Rates

NH_3-H_2O falling film absorption usually takes place with low solution flow rate in real absorption refrigeration system. An experimental study of inner vertical absorption is carried out for the consideration of air-cooling absorber. Variable working conditions are tested to evaluate the heat and mass transfer performances.The traditional evaluation method based on log-mean-temperature(concentration) difference is criticized for its lack of theoretical basis while simultaneous heat and mass transfer process occurs. A new method proposed by Kim and Infante Ferreira is modified to evaluate the experimental results with reasonable assumptions. The method is based on the derivation of coupled heat and mass transfer differential equations of NH_3-H_2O absorption process.The analysis of the same experimental data shows that the new method realizes better consistency with smaller error, especially in heat transfer aspect. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of solution Reynolds number. Sub-cooling of inlet weak solution also has positive influence on the absorption process,which should be evaluated by the new method correctly. Two correlations are developed to evaluate both Nusselt and Sherwood numbers for the design of air-cooling absorber.

基于速率模型的胺法碳捕集系统吸收塔内传热传质耦合模型

为研究化学吸收法碳捕集系统吸收塔内CO_(2)化学吸收过程中,搭建了一套基于速率模型的传热传质耦合模型,用以分析塔内热质耦合过程和吸收塔吸收性能。与Aspen Plus工艺模拟软件比对后,验证了模型的准确性。基于模型对某电厂CCUS示范项目中,吸收塔气液比、填料高度对传热传质、吸收性能的影响进行研究。结果表明,增大气液比与填料高度可提高吸收性能,过大则会引起CO_(2)吸收速率降低,导致吸收性能提升不再明显。研究为吸收塔内复杂的热质耦合过程研究提供新方法,对实际工程应用中吸收塔工艺参数优化有指导意义。

Effect of Adsorbent Diameter on the Performance of Adsorption Refrigeration

Adsorbents are important components in adsorption refrigeration. The diameter of an adsorbent can affect the heat and mass transfer of an adsorber. The effect of particle diameter on effective thermal conductivity was investigated. The heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant and the void rate of the adsorbent layer can also affect the effective thermal conductivity of adsorbents. The performance of mass transfer in the adsorber is better when pressure drop decreases. Pressure drop decreases with increasing permeability. The permeability of the adsorbent layer can be improved with increasing adsorbent diameter. The effect of adsorbent diameter on refrigeration output power was experimentally studied. Output power initially increases and then decreases with increasing diameter under different cycle time conditions. Output power increases with decreasing cycle time under similar diameters.

Preparation of composite adsorbent with high performance of heat and mass transfer

To develop a new composite adsorbent with high performance,fir sawdust and CaCl2are selected as raw materials.The mass transfer is enhanced by carbonizing and activating the sawdust and heat transfer is enhanced by adding expanded graphite into the adsorbent.The effect of the preparation temperature and the expanded graphite content on the adsorption performance is investigated.The results show that the new adsorbent exhibits a high adsorption performance due to its high porosity,uniform distribution and high content of CaCl2and high thermal conductivity.Also,the experimental results indicate that the rate of ammonia adsorption on the adsorbent depends on the expanded graphite content and the carbonization and activation temperature.The adsorbent prepared at 500°C and with the expanded graphite content of 30%has the best performance in terms of the adsorption refrigeration,which adsorbs ammonia as high as 0.37 g g 1at 10 min.

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN UNDERGROUND COOLING POOL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

To deal with the problems perplexed by energy consumption, noise and earth sink in refrigeration and air conditioning, a new technology-refrigeration by using geothermic energy was presented. The heat and mass transfer characteristics of an underground cooling pool were analyzed and the numerical model was given. The experimental results show that the refrigeration by using geothermic energy can apply well in all kinds of environmental conditions.

Study on the Irreversible Thermodynamics of a Marine Engine Exhaust-powered Adsorption Refrigerating System

This study investigates the heat and mass transfer mechanism of a marine engifie exhaust-powered adsorption refrigerating system by using irreversible thermodynamics. The equations of entropy-production rate and the linear phenomenological equations of thermodynamic flux and force are established. The conventional experimental facilities of unit tube are developed and the phenomenological coefficients are obtained by fitting the experimental data. It is concluded that the thermodynamic process in the adsorbent bed is determined by the coupling effect of the heat and mass transfer; furthermore, the mass transfer is determined by the heat transfer. Taking some measures to increase heat transfer can improve the performance of the adsorption refrigerating system. The conclusions presented in this paper may be of value to the engineering applications of the system.

开式吸收式热泵系统的研究及应用进展

闭式蒸气吸收式热泵系统以热能和少量泵功驱动代替蒸气压缩热泵系统的压缩机驱动,分别实现工质的流动和内能的增加,节省了高品位电能的压缩功。开式吸收式系统相比于闭式吸收式热泵(制冷)系统,以蒸气压差和温度差同时驱动的直接接触式传热传质代替闭式系统温差驱动的间接传热,实现系统与外界环境的热质交换。针对开式吸收式系统的研究目前主要为不同应用相关研究,在闭式吸收系统的基础上精简结构,优化性能。本文主要从工质对、构型、部件三个方面总结目前开式吸收式系统的研究进展。因开式吸收式系统常与环境发生物质交换,对其工质对的研究需要在蒸气压低、不易结晶等传统吸收式工质对需要的物性基础上,更强调腐蚀性低、环境友好等特性。广义的开式吸收式系统有D型、AD型、ADC型、EAD型、EADC型5种基本构型,本文总结了5种基本构型在直接蒸发冷却制冷、气体除湿加湿处理、热湿气体潜热回收、制冷制热、蒸馏提纯等不同应用领域的研究。与闭式吸收式系统相比,强化环境与系统的传热传质是开式吸收式系统的研究重点。对于直接接触式传热传质部件,填料塔仍然是绝热开式吸收器/发生器的主要形式,基于膜的非直接接触式吸收/发生换热器作为直接接触式换热器的替代部件,其传热传质系数相对于直接接触式换热器仍有待提高。

LaNi_(5)储氢合金吸氢过程热特性研究

建立了某金属氢化物反应器二维数值模型,并通过吸氢实验中反应器温度变化曲线验证了模型的准确性。对储氢反应器增加外部冷却槽,分析了不同冷却流体种类及流速下,反应器温度和储氢量的变化情况。结果表明:冷却水作用下,储氢罐中心区域的反应速率逐渐低于壁面区域,冷却水流速率越高,吸氢反应所需时间逐渐缩短至一个定值;在相同流速下,冷却介质为水和油时,反应器温度与储氢量的变化特征相似,但水的冷却时间比油缩短约20%、储氢时间缩短约15%;当冷却介质为空气时,冷却槽内空气受热浮力影响,靠近壁面的空气流速降低且温度高于初始值,导致其与合金的温差缩小、传热能力降低,吸氢时间明显加长。

Numerical solution of micropolar fluid flow via stretchable surface with chemical reaction and melting heat transfer using Keller-Box method

The main theme of this research is to find the numerical results of stagnation point flow of micropolar fluid over a porous stretchable surface due to the physical effects of internal heat generation/absorption,melting heat transfer and chemical reaction via Keller-Box method(KBM).The graphs and tables are depicted and explained for various embedded parameters.The range of melting heat transfer parameter is 0≤M≤3,the range of chemical reaction parameter is 0≤K_(r)≤1 whereas the values of space-temperature dependent heat source/sink parameters lies in-0:4≤Q≤0:4 and-2≤Q*≤2.The upshots of the current problem illustrate that at fluid-solid interface,rate of HMT(heat and mass transfer)declined on escalating the values of stretching parameter.Moreover,as the values of internal heat source/sink parameter increases,heat transfer rate declines at fluid-solid interface.

单体Ag纳米流体强化氨水鼓泡吸收特性

为探讨纳米流体对氨水鼓泡吸收传热传质特性的影响,利用自行设计的实验系统进行了不同浓度单体Ag纳米流体基液下的氨水鼓泡吸收实验。实验表明:纳米流体浓度与初始氨水浓度是影响鼓泡吸收过程中传热与传质的关键因素。当单体Ag纳米流体在浓度0.005%～0.020%内、基液中没有添加纳米流体时,5min内随着时间推移,吸收器内溶液温度明显高于添加有纳米流体的情况;氨水鼓泡吸收传质过程中,有效吸收比均大于1.0,随着氨水浓度上升,各浓度纳米流体基液下吸收率逐步减小,有效吸收比逐渐增大,且吸收率和有效吸收比均随着纳米浓度增大而上升,当氨水浓度为20%且纳米流体浓度为0.020%时,单体Ag纳米流体强化氨水鼓泡吸收有效吸收比达到最大值1.55。对实验现象和相关结论进行了可能的机理解释。

填料型绝热吸收器影响因素实验研究

为了研究绝热吸收器内溴化锂溶液降膜吸收水蒸汽传质强化过程,本文首先建立了溴化锂溶液降膜绝热吸收循环实验台,然后分析了喷淋溶液温度、喷淋溶液流量、喷淋溶液浓度和吸收压力等参数变化对吸收过程传质系数的影响,并得出有指导意义结论．

超声波对吸收式制冷强化传质的影响

研究了超声强化传质方法对吸收式制冷系统工质溴化锂溶液中冷剂水的沸腾传质过程的影响.结果发现:超声波对该冷剂水的传质过程有明显的强化作用,初始阶段强化效果最好,随着系统达到平衡强化效果逐渐减弱并趋于稳定;对于以50%溴化锂溶液为工质、初始压强约800Pa的制冷系统,加热热源温度在65℃～80℃时,超声波对冷剂水传质过程的强化率大于20%,且热源温度越低强化效果越显著;使用超声强化传质的方法可以有效地提高低温热源驱动下的溴化锂吸收式制冷机的制冷效率,降低制冷系统所需最低驱动热源温度,且不会影响系统的稳定运行.该方法适用于低温热水驱动的太阳能吸收式制冷系统,能增强太阳能空调的制冷性能.

溴化锂绝热、增压双效吸收式制冷循环

吸收器是溴化锂吸收式制冷循环中最大的部件,传统吸收器换热面积占机组的40%左右,采用传热传质分离吸收器,其传热面积不到传统吸收器的30%,大大改善了吸收器的传热效果。本文在传热传质分离双效吸收式制冷循环的基础上,增加了一台增压器以提高绝热吸收器压力,强化循环传质能力。根据模拟结果,补偿了少量电功的增压系统,可以有效降低循环总传热面积;通过降低循环溶液浓度,还可以达到降低循环驱动热源温度的目的,且循环热力系数与增压前基本相当。

中空纤维膜溶液热交换器的传热传质模拟研究

提出了一种适用于溴化锂吸收式制冷系统的新型溶液热交换器——中空纤维膜溶液热交换器.该溶液热交换器不同于传统的间壁式溶液热交换器,在高温浓溶液和低温稀溶液进行热量传递的同时,存在水蒸气的质量传递,质量传递的方向取决于膜两侧的水蒸气压差.应用分布参数法对溶液热交换器建立了溶液流动的传热、传质数学模型,并对顺流和逆流布置的流动过程进行了比较.研究结果表明:当溶液热交换器逆流布置时,沿程温差均匀,热量传递稳定,水蒸气由高温侧向低温侧的持续传质作用不但进一步浓缩了浓溶液,而且稀释了稀溶液,因此减小了发生器的热负荷和吸收器的冷负荷.

吸附式制冷中吸附剂传热传质的强化

对吸附式制冷系统中吸附剂的两种关键性能有效吸附量及导热系数进行了实验及理论研究。测量了几种吸附剂的上述性能并进行了数据拟合，分析了吸附剂吸附性能及导热系数对吸附制冷系统效率的影响，提出了以吸附制冷最佳经济效率为目标函数的吸附剂性能强化手段，并进行了一些实验研究，取得了较好的效果。