A comparative study on characteristics of retracted publications across different open access levels

Purpose:Recently,global science has shown an increasing open trend,however,the characteristics of research integrity of open access(OA)publications have rarely been studied.The aim of this study is to compare the characteristics of retracted articles across different OA levels and discover whether OA level influences the characteristics of retracted articles.Design/methodology/approach:The research conducted an analysis of 6,005 retracted publications between 2001 and 2020 from the Web of Science and Retraction Watch databases.These publications were categorized based on their OA levels,including Gold OA,Green OA,and non-OA.The study explored retraction rates,time lags and reasons within these categories.Findings:The findings of this research revealed distinct patterns in retraction rates among different OA levels.Publications with Gold OA demonstrated the highest retraction rate,followed by Green OA and non-OA.A comparison of retraction reasons between Gold OA and non-OA categories indicated similar proportions,while Green OA exhibited a higher proportion due to falsification and manipulation issues,along with a lower occurrence of plagiarism and authorship issues.The retraction time lag was shortest for Gold OA,followed by non-OA,and longest for Green OA.The prolonged retraction time for Green OA could be attributed to an atypical distribution of retraction reasons.A comparative study on characteristics of retracted publications across different open access levels Research limitations:There is no exploration of a wider range of OA levels,such as Hybrid OA and Bronze OA.Practical implications:The outcomes of this study suggest the need for increased attention to research integrity within the OA publications.The occurrences offalsification,manipulation,and ethical concerns within Green OA publications warrant attention from the scientific community.Originality/value:This study contributes to the understanding of research integrity in the realm of OA publications,shedding light on retraction patterns and reasons across different OA levels.

2023:A year of accomplishments for the 13 Science Citation Index Expanded-and Emerging Sources Citation Index-indexed Baishideng journals

In 2023,Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng)routinely published 47 openaccess journals,including 46 English-language journals and 1 Chinese-language journal.Our successes were accomplished through the collective dedicated efforts of Baishideng staffs,Editorial Board Members,and Peer Reviewers.Among these 47 Baishideng journals,7 are included in the Science Citation Index Expanded(SCIE)and 6 in the Emerging Sources Citation Index(ESCI).With the support of Baishideng authors,company staffs,Editorial Board Members,and Peer Reviewers,the publication work of 2023 is about to be successfully completed.This editorial summarizes the 2023 activities and accomplishments of the 13 SCIEand ESCI-indexed Baishideng journals,outlines the Baishideng publishing policy changes and additions made this year,and highlights the unique advantages of Baishideng journals.

Scientific Value Weights more than Being Open or Toll Access:An analysis of the OA advantage in Nature and Science

Purpose:We attempt to find out whether OA or TA really affects the dissemination of scientific discoveries.Design/methodology/approach:We design the indicators,hot-degree,and R-index to indicate a topic OA or TA advantages.First,according to the OA classification of the Web of Science(WoS),we collect data from the WoS by downloading OA and TA articles,letters,and reviews published in Nature and Science during 2010–2019.These papers are divided into three broad disciplines,namely biomedicine,physics,and others.Then,taking a discipline in a journal and using the classical Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA)to cluster 100 topics of OA and TA papers respectively,we apply the Pearson correlation coefficient to match the topics of OA and TA,and calculate the hot-degree and R-index of every OA-TA topic pair.Finally,characteristics of the discipline can be presented.In qualitative comparison,we choose some high-quality papers which belong to Nature remarkable papers or Science breakthroughs,and analyze the relations between OA/TA and citation numbers.Findings:The result shows that OA hot-degree in biomedicine is significantly greater than that of TA,but significantly less than that of TA in physics.Based on the R-index,it is found that OA advantages exist in biomedicine and TA advantages do in physics.Therefore,the dissemination of average scientific discoveries in all fields is not necessarily affected by OA or TA.However,OA promotes the spread of important scientific discoveries in high-quality papers.Research limitations:We lost some citations by ignoring other open sources such as arXiv and bioArxiv.Another limitation came from that Nature employs some strong measures for access-promoting subscription-based articles,on which the boundary between OA and TA became fuzzy.Practical implications:It is useful to select hot topics in a set of publications by the hotdegree index.The finding comprehensively reflects the differences of OA and TA in different disciplines,which is a useful reference when researchers choose the publishing way as OA or TA.Originality/value:We propose a new method,including two indicators,to explore and measure OA or TA advantages.

An Open Access 4×4 MIMO Testbed and its Validation with an IEEE 802,11n WLAN System

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output （MIMO） and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing （OFDM） have been widely accepted as key techniques of the current and future wireless communication systems. In this paper, an open access MIMO testbed is presented, on which the researchers can demonstrate and evaluate their baseband algorithms over the real wireless channel, without knowing much details about the hardware of the testbed. Moreover, an IEEE 802.11n transmission scheme is implemented as a design example to validate this testbed as well as demonstrate the transmission characteristics of MIMO-OFDM.

Defining an open access resource strategy for research libraries:Part Ⅰ—The coming main streamlization of open access resources?

Open access(OA) resources are becoming a main part of scholarly information. The paper summarizes the fast growth of OA journals and OA repositories, the outstanding OA journal impact increase, the rise of mega-OA journals like PLoS ONE, the overwhelming support of research communities to open access of publicly funded research, and the quick building up of OA support structures. These forces work together to push scholarly communications toward a turning point where OA resources occupy a major and increasing share of scholarly research resources and when management of OA resources becomes a strategic, yet unfamiliar, and potentially disruptive task for research libraries. This paper is composed of two parts. The first part will focus on the development of OA resources, while the second part will analyze the challenges in management of OA resources and develop an OA resource strategy exemplified by some of NSL's initiatives.

Defining an open access resource strategy for research libraries:Part Ⅱ——Challenges and responses

Purpose: This paper aims to provide a systematic analysis of challenges and responses of the imminent open access-based environment so as to enable sound development of open access(OA) resource strategies.Design/methodology/approach: A systematic and evidence-based analysis is used to discover, identify, and contextualize the factors that relate or interact. A challenge metric for the overall context and additional frameworks or alternative lists is used for the detailed analysis.Findings: Research libraries are facing a reality conflict between the traditional library solution and the OA solution. New resource strategies are needed but have to be based on an open knowledge infrastructure and a systematic analysis of factors and alternatives. Support for OA publishing is becoming a major task and complicated capabilities involved call for libraries to play a central role. Hybrid collection development should be in place to take full advantages of the open world while ensuring reliable and trusted retrieval, reuse, and preservation.Research limitations: The research covers main developments in US and European countries mostly in scientific fields and for scholarly papers.Practical implications: There are already evidences for sound OA resource policies. With the imminent dominance of OA resources, research libraries should and can set up their OA resource strategies.Originality/value: The paper suggests a factor metric as an analysis framework, presents rationale lists and policies to support OA publishing, and proposes a hybrid collection strategy to plan for collection development, retrieval, and preservation.

Open Access Strategy in Cloud Computing-Based Heterogenous Networks Constrained by Wireless Fronthaul

Cloud computing.based heterogeneous networks(C.Het Nets) have been considered as promising network architecture of future wireless communication systems. However, its performance is constrained by the capability of fronthaul. To study the performance limit of C.Het Nets, the coverage performance of the open access strategy in C.Het Nets is analyzed in this paper. In particular, the non.ideal condition of fronthaul in C.Het Nets is characterized by establishing a stochastic geometry.based model, and a tight lower bound on coverage probability is derived for downlink transmissions. Based on the derived results, the constraint of the fronthaul is given to ensure that open access strategy can achieve the best coverage performance. Finally, the simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical results and show the impact of fronthaul constrains.

Contribution of the Open Access Modality to the Impact of Hybrid Journals Controlling by Field and Time Effects

Purpose:Researchers are more likely to read and cite papers to which they have access than those that they cannot obtain.Thus,the objective of this work is to analyze the contribution of the Open Access(OA)modality to the impact of hybrid journals.Design/methodology/approach:The“research articles”in the year 2017 from 200 hybrid journals in four subject areas,and the citations received by such articles in the period 2017-2020 in the Scopus database,were analyzed.The hybrid OA papers were compared with the paywalled ones.The journals were randomly selected from those with share of OA papers higher than some minimal value.More than 60 thousand research articles were analyzed in the sample,of which 24%under the OA modality.Findings:We obtain at journal level that cites per article in both hybrid modalities(OA and paywalled)strongly correlate.However,there is no correlation between the OA prevalence and cites per article.There is OA citation advantage in 80%of hybrid journals.Moreover,the OA citation advantage is consistent across fields and held in time.We obtain an OA citation advantage of 50%in average,and higher than 37%in half of the hybrid journals.Finally,the OA citation advantage is higher in Humanities than in Science and Social Science.Research limitations:Some of the citation advantage is likely due to more access allows more people to read and hence cite articles they otherwise would not.However,causation is difficult to establish and there are many possible bias.Several factors can affect the observed differences in citation rates.Funder mandates can be one of them.Funders are likely to have OA requirement,and well-funded studies are more likely to receive more citations than poorly funded studies.Another discussed factor is the selection bias postulate,which suggests that authors choose only their most impactful studies to be open access.Practical implications:For hybrid journals,the open access modality is positive,in the sense that it provides a greater number of potential readers.This in turn translates into a greater number of citations and an improvement in the position of the journal in the rankings by impact factor.For researchers it is also positive because it increases the potential number of readers and citations received.Originality/value:Our study refines previous results by comparing documents more similar to each other.Although it does not examine the cause of the observed citation advantage,we find that it exists in a very large sample.

Open Access to Geological Research of China——"Geoscience Periodical Network of China"

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/

Open Access to Geological Research of China——“Geoscience Periodical Network China”

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/

Open Access to Geological Research of China—“Geoscience Periodical Network of China”

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chirtese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration.

Open Access to Geological Research of China—"Geoscience Periodical Network of China"

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/

Open Access to Geological Research of China——"Geoscience Periodical Network of China"

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can he downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/

Open Access to Geological Research of China——"Geoscience Periodical Network of China"

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals,which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China.All papers of this site comprise English abstract,and some papers have figures with English description.Papers present as the PDF format with two types：（1）papers can be downloaded for opening access;and（2）the others provide both Chinese and English abstract,which can be downloaded after registration.

Open Access to Geological Research of China—"Geoscience Periodical Network of China"

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access;

Open Access to Geological Research of China——"Geoscience Periodical Network of China"

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/

Open Access to Geological Research of China——“Geoscience Periodical Network of China”

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：l/www.geojournals.cn/

Open Access to Geological Research of China—"Geoscience Periodical Network of China"

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/

Open Access to Geological Research of China —— ＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/

Open Access to Geological Research of China——"Geoscience Periodical Network of China"

＂Geoscience Periodical Network of China＂ is composed of 233 Chinese geological journals, which covers all kinds of geological research fields of China. All papers of this site comprise English abstract, and some papers have figures with English description. Papers present as the PDF format with two types： （1） papers can be downloaded for opening access; and （2） the others provide both Chinese and English abstract, which can be downloaded after registration. Welcome to visit our website： http：//www.geojournals.cn/