Smart Grid Technology and Its Possible Applications to the Nigeria 330 kV Power System

It is a known fact that the epileptic power situation in Nigeria has become a recurring decimal. In the light of this stark reality of a country like Nigeria which is constantly plunged into pitch darkness all year round, it has become expedient for a sustainable and urgent remedy to be sought if our country will ever think of rubbing shoulders with the economies of the world. It is this pathetic scenario, we find ourselves in that it has given rise to this paper which tends to review possible ways and means of redressing the ugly trend. This paper examines the prospects and possible applications of Smart Grid Technology (SGT) to the Nigeria Power System. Nigeria Power System consists of 28 buses, 32 Transmission lines and 10 generating stations, with a view to reduce the high active and reactive transmission losses. The study shows that smart grid system will make the present network more efficient and reliable by connecting different sources of distributed generators into the existing grid. Basic requirements necessary for the application of SGT using the Nigeria Power System as a case study were discussed.

Steady-State Analysis of Grid-Connected New Energy Power Plants

In order to ease the fossil energy crunch,new energy sources need to be fully utilized.Clean energy sources such as wind,light,and nuclear energy are important tools to solve environmental and energy problems.However,in the process of researching new energy farms,there are some problems when they are integrated into the power system.In order to ensure the stability of new energy power plants,it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the grid connection technology of new energy farms.In the study,it is necessary to learn about the specific problems of the stability of the grid connection of new energy power plants,and to clarify the specific application of the grid connection technology of new energy power plants from the application principle and advantages of the grid connection technology of new energy power plants.Through simulation experiments,the positive effect of grid connection technology of new energy power plants in improving the stability of power systems was determined.

Development and Prospect of China Power Grids

In this paper the growing process of China power grid from formation of local power grids to nationwide interconnection is reviewed. The scale and structure of power grid construction in the near future, especially the planning on sending power from west to east, North-South supplementation and nationwide interconnection are introduced. In addition, the technologies to be extended in future grid development are briefed, such as HVDC, FACTS and compact transmission line, etc.

Renewable Energy Based Grid Connected Battery Projects around the World—An Overview

The environmental pollution,as well as gradual depletion of mineral resources has encouraged the world to move into renewable energy sources for generation of electricity.At present,the cost of using renewable energy sources,such as sunshine and wind in electricity generation has significantly reduced.This has led to higher penetration of renewable energy into the grid.However,both wind and solar energy photovoltaics are unpredictable energies which reduce the reliability and resiliency of the grid.The integration of battery energy storage system in the grid is one of the proficient solutions to the problem.There are numerous grid connected renewable energy based battery projects that have been deployed in different countries around the world for research,development and commercial application.This review paper will discuss some of the projects based on the battery connected wind and solar energy power generation systems that can operate both in grid connected and grid independent modes.The projects discussed in this paper are selected based on the availability of information.The battery energy storage system(BESS)incorporated in each of the project is found to increase the stability and performance of the grid by addressing the mismatch between power generation and the load of the grid created due to intermittent nature of renewable energy sources.

Broadband over Power Line (BPL): An Emerging Technology for Bangladesh

Broadband over Power Line (BPL) is an alternative means of providing high-speed Internet access, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and other broadband services to homes and businesses by using the existing medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) power lines. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding about BPL with its implementation prospects. In this context, the existing power grid infrastructures are discussed elaborately. BPL system functionality with its components and its benefits over other access technologies is also pointed out. Implementation scenarios for various deployment options are illustrated here. The different implementation challenges for BPL system, such as the characteristics of power lines, attenuation problem, noise, potential interference with the other radio frequencies are also presented with their remedies. Comparative analysis between several broadband access technologies shows the feasibility of BPL deployments all over the world.

Making the World More Sustainable: Enabling Localized Energy Generation and Distribution on Decentralized Smart Grid Systems

Smart grid is an idea of upgradation of the traditional electric grid infrastructure. The efficiency of the existing electrical grid can be automated by integrating with innovative technical equipment such as:?high-tech forecasting system, digital sensors, advanced two-way communication and two-way power flow systems. Smart grid establishes an interface between utility and consumer which helps to use energy, based on the preferences of price, eco-friendly and without technical system issues. It empowers the grid to be more secure, reliable and efficient. The peer-reviewed articles and published government reports have been reviewed, based on the analysis of technical characteristics of power generation systems, eco-friendly sources of power generations, cost reduction, functionality and design of traditional grid versus smart grid. Furthermore, the innovative technologies that enable the grid to integrate with decentralized power generation system efficiently have been considered. This paper claims that in this modern era, it is arduous for traditional grid to fulfill the rising demand of electricity, along with sustainable, eco-friendly and stable power supply, as it cannot be efficiently integrated with decentralized and localized power generation systems and renewable energy sources. The result of this paper shows that decentralized and localized power generation systems are located close to end-users which decrease the transmission and supply cost of electricity. Innovative technologies allow the decentralized and localized power generation systems to be integrated with renewable energy sources which help to reduce the cost of utility services and provide clean energy. Moreover, technological advancement played a decisive role in enabling the electrical system to be more efficient. Electrical reliability can be improved,?greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced, renewable energy sources can efficiently be integrated,?and?rising demand for electricity can be met by embedding advanced applications and technological equipment in the electrical grid.

Feasibility Ananlysis of Building Pithead Power Plants in North Shaanxi and Ningxia Coal Bases

North Shaanxi and Ningxia are extremely abundant in coal resources, with excellent geographical positions and transport facilities, suitable to build large size pithead power plants. This paper details the coal resources in North Shaanxi Province and Ningxia Autonomous Region, fuel coal and transportation conditions for building large size pithead power plants, and carries out the analyses of economic benefits and electricity prices of bidding for access to grid for the six recommended power plants. The analyses show that these power plants, after built up, will have strong competitive powers and make contributions for the sustainable development of power industry in North China and Shandong Province.

A Blockchain-Based Architecture for Securing Industrial IoTs Data in Electric Smart Grid

There are numerous internet-connected devices attached to the industrial process through recent communication technologies,which enable machine-to-machine communication and the sharing of sensitive data through a new technology called the industrial internet of things(IIoTs).Most of the suggested security mechanisms are vulnerable to several cybersecurity threats due to their reliance on cloud-based services,external trusted authorities,and centralized architectures;they have high computation and communication costs,low performance,and are exposed to a single authority of failure and bottleneck.Blockchain technology(BC)is widely adopted in the industrial sector for its valuable features in terms of decentralization,security,and scalability.In our work,we propose a decentralized,scalable,lightweight,trusted and secure private network based on blockchain technology/smart contracts for the overhead circuit breaker of the electrical power grid of the Al-Kufa/Iraq power plant as an industrial application.The proposed scheme offers a double layer of data encryption,device authentication,scalability,high performance,low power consumption,and improves the industry’s operations;provides efficient access control to the sensitive data generated by circuit breaker sensors and helps reduce power wastage.We also address data aggregation operations,which are considered challenging in electric power smart grids.We utilize a multi-chain proof of rapid authentication(McPoRA)as a consensus mechanism,which helps to enhance the computational performance and effectively improve the latency.The advanced reduced instruction set computer(RISC)machinesARMCortex-M33 microcontroller adopted in our work,is characterized by ultra-low power consumption and high performance,as well as efficiency in terms of real-time cryptographic algorithms such as the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm(ECDSA).This improves the computational execution,increases the implementation speed of the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm and provides data integrity and device authenticity at the perceptual layer.Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performance,data security,real-time data processing,low power consumption(70.880 mW),and very low memory utilization(2.03%read-only memory(RAM)and 0.9%flash memory)and execution time(0.7424 s)for the cryptographic algorithm.This enables autonomous network reconfiguration on-demand and real-time data processing.

弥合教育数字鸿沟——美国《国家教育技术规划(NETP 2024)》报告要点与思考

2024年1月,美国教育部发布第七版《国家教育技术规划(NETP 2024)》,从教育数字资源访问、数字教育教学设计和教育数字化使用领域等角度,提出了数字访问、设计和使用三种教育数字鸿沟,呼吁采取行动,为支持学习技术的获取、设计和使用的不平等建立系统解决方案。了解该规划有助于厘清教育数字化转型中存在的数字鸿沟,为学习者和教育者提供公平获取教育技术的机会。文章采用内容分析法和比较分析法,阐述美国发布该规划的背景和目的,比较了七版规划的差异,分析和勾勒规划的侧重点,并从技术整合视角论述了教育数字化转型中存在的数字鸿沟及其缓解策略,最后从教育强国建设视角反思了该规划对我国教育技术发展规划的启示,以期为加速教育数字化转型,加快建设教育强国提供参考。

基于图表映射融合技术的大电网运行业务平台化人机交互设计

为更好满足大电网运行业务中高效感知电网状态的需求,开展了软件前后端数据组织和接口设计方面的研究。在融合海量人机交互技术关键要素的基础上,提出一种大电网分析模型图模一体化与多关系表数据映射与融合的平台化技术方案,并通过2669个厂站大电网案例验证方法的有效性。结果表明,所提方法在实现诸多功能需求基础上具备较高的模型检索效率与优秀的前端渲染性能,可为大电网运行业务人机交互设计提供参考。

新型电力系统下分布式光伏规模化并网运行关键技术探讨

推进分布式光伏规模化并网是实现“碳达峰·碳中和”目标和构建新型电力系统的重要举措。基于此背景探讨面向新型电力系统的分布式光伏规模化并网运行关键技术。首先,归纳并阐述分布式光伏发展现状、并网方式及运行模式,分析大规模分布式光伏接入给电网调度运行带来的挑战。其次,面对上述挑战,从信息集成、监测预测、平衡调度、聚合控制等视角提出系统调度运行关键技术,助力电网调控模式转型升级。然后,考虑实际工程需求,构思满足电网安全稳定运行的分布式光伏技术标准体系,以期促使分布式光伏“可观可测、可调可控、友好互动”。最后,调研并梳理国外分布式光伏规模化并网运行先进经验,并对我国分布式光伏并网协同探索、运行服务支持及市场交易参与等课题提出建议。

基于双层网络频率控制的分布式风电并网研究

为研究含通信控制层的双层电网中分布式风电入网位置的选择,电网层采用二阶类Kuramoto模型进行建模,通信控制层收集发电机及其邻居节点信息形成控制信号并调整发电机的频率。根据负荷到原电网发电机节点的平均距离定义了3种并网方式,研究比较了含功率波动的分布式风电并网时最佳的入网位置。研究表明,加入双层网络频率控制可有效提高电网的同步性能和抗扰能力;分布式风电选择离原电网发电机节点平均距离小的负荷并网可提高电网稳定性。

基于TOPSIS的电网融冰决策技术IDSS研究

针对电网冰雪凝冻灾害防护常态化的趋势,为提升防灾技术和装置的经济性,从电网融冰技术组合运用TOPSIS理论构建决策模型,并运用IDSS理论,提出基于TOP-SIS算法的电网融冰IDSS系统模型.运用本文提出的模型和设计的系统模型,根据TOP-SIS的计算结果来对确定一次覆冰过程中应首先进行融冰操作的地区.最后通过实证分析,验证了决策支持系统模型的有效性,实现对融冰决策的优化.

以数字电网促进新型电力系统IT与OT融合的思考

传统电力系统向以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的转型升级正在快速推动电力系统技术体系变革。剖析电力自动化运行控制技术(OT)和电力企业管理信息化技术(IT)的特征、发展历程以及两技术体系的差异,并从数据采集技术、系统OT、能源服务模式3个方面概括总结新型电力系统对电力系统技术体系的需求。对电力系统OT与IT两技术体系融合在安全风险防控、技术路径问题、新兴技术迭代等方面的挑战进行评述。结合工业数字化中IT与OT融合的本质与启示,为电力系统IT与OT融合的支撑路径指明方向,并对数字电网IT与OT融合技术体系架构进行分析及展望。

煤矿供电系统防越级跳闸技术及其应用

随着煤矿生产过程中的电力需求不断增长,煤矿供电系统的安全运行成为了研究重点。首先,论述了防越级跳闸技术在煤矿供电系统中的重要性。然后,对防越级跳闸技术的实现方法进行了详细分析。接着,提出了一种基于智能电网技术的防越级跳闸方案,并通过实际煤矿供电系统的仿真实验验证了其有效性。

海上风电低频输电并网技术研究现状及展望

低频输电技术在中远海域的海上风电项目中具备竞争力,并有望在未来得到广泛应用。首先基于低频输电技术原理,对低频输电技术(LFAC)在海上风电应用的适应性进行了分析,表明低频输电方案在海上风电项目中不存在障碍,但仍需进一步优化低频风电机组、交交变频器等关键设备。其次,通过对比分析高压交流、柔性直流与低频输电3种方案在全生命周期成本方面的差异,发现当下低频输电因其适度的初始投入成本、运行成本与废弃成本,较高故障成本与低维护成本而在离岸距离75~300 km的中远海域具有明显经济优势。然后,参照工频交直流输电可靠性评估方法,低频输电方案可靠性需按不同模块分别进行评估,通过比较低频输电方案较其他方案在可靠性评估中的差异,表明风电机组、集电系统与输电线缆的可靠性差异来源于低频运行状态或低频设备的规格差异,而海上平台可靠性差异来源于电气设备链接方式与结构差异。最后,就低频输电技术在技术性、经济性、可靠性、风险性以及环境影响方面的未来研究提出展望。本研究旨在补充低频输电技术的理论研究基础,为低频输电技术在海上风电项目中广泛铺开做好理论准备。

变压器故障诊断方法研究

随着电网容量不断扩大,电网的安全与可靠运行显得尤其重要。制定更加合理的电力变压器检修或更换方案,应当需要综合考虑电力变压器运行方案的稳定性和可靠性,即在满足电力变压器最低运行方案稳定性和可靠性的条件下,最大限度地增加经济收益。该文对变压器故障的诊断方法进行简要分析,对变压器运行过程中比较常见的故障进行解析和说明。通过上述分析总结出供电所变压器故障的种类以及诊断的方法。

储热参与电网调峰的技术及商业模式分析

常规热电厂“以热定电”运行模式和新能源发电的随机性及波动性限制了其调峰能力,通过储热技术参与电网调峰可以优化能源系统的配置能力。分别介绍了显热储热、相变储热和化学能储热3种不同储热技术的基本原理、适宜储热材料、优缺点以其未来发展趋势;综述了国内外不同储热技术参与电力系统调峰的策略和实际调峰项目的应用情况。基于储热技术参与电网调峰面临的特殊工况,指出了储热技术参与电网调峰需考虑的安全性、性能匹配、可靠性和经济性四类关键性评判指标;探讨了储热参与电力交易的主要商业模式,包括合同能源管理模式、两部制电价模式和辅助服务市场模式,为储热技术参与电网调峰及其规模化商业运营提供了一定的参考。

电网接入服务价格引导机制研究

当前,由能源消费带来的环境污染问题日益突出,可再生能源无法顺利入网消纳,有必要通过电网接入价格机制引导并激励电源侧建设和需求侧响应。以电网企业向电源侧和需求侧提供的接入服务为切入点,对比分析不同国家接入收费实践。基于价格经济学理论,根据我国经济发展状况、输电价格结构、能源战略,针对电源侧接入设计浅接入成本回收模型和混合制接入费收取方式,通过价格信号促进可再生能源入网和消纳。研究电网接入服务价格引导机制,可以为解决由能源消费带来的环境污染问题提供参考。

并网光伏发电机组中旋转机械驱动控制方法研究

并网光伏发电机组为了最大限度吸收太阳能,需要在面板底部安装旋转机械装置,以便可以随时调整方向,保证发电效率,该文研究了一种有效的并网光伏发电机组旋转机械驱动控制方法。计算并网光伏发电机组暂态响应和旋转机械动不平衡量,获取旋转机械的运行状态。将虚拟同步发电机控制策略、PI调节器和本体算法等自动化控制技术结合在一起,建立旋转机械驱动控制模型,控制并网光伏发电机组输出功率达到初始振荡幅值,实现对旋转机械的驱动控制。实验结果表明,该方法的振动幅度未超过0.6 cm,平均控制响应时间为1.28 s,失控率未超过7.5%,具有良好的驱动控制能力。