North-south Differentiation of the Hydrocarbon Accumulation Pattern of Carbonate Reservoirs in the Yingmaili Low Uplift,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

By analyzing the characteristics of development, structural evolution and reservoir beds of the residual carbonate strata, this study shows that the residual carbonate strata in the Yingmaili low uplift are favorable oil and gas accumulation series in the Tabei （northern Tarim uplift） uplift. There are different patterns of hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern and southern slopes of the Yingmaili low uplift. The north-south differentiation of oil reservoirs were caused by different lithologies of the residual carbonate strata and the key constraints on the development of the reservoir beds. The Mesozoic terrestrial organic matter in the Kuqa depression and the Palaeozoic marine organic matter in the Manjiaer sag of the Northern depression are the major hydrocarbon source rocks for the northern slope and southern slope respectively. The hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern and southern slopes is controlled by differences in maturity and thermal evolution history of these two kinds of organic matter. On the southern slope, the oil accumulation formed in the early stage was destroyed completely, and the period from the late Hercynian to the Himalayian is the most important time for hydrocarbon accumulation. However, the time of hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern slope began 5 Ma B.P. Carbonate inner buried anticlines reservoirs are present on the southern slope, while weathered crust and paleo-buried hill karst carbonate reservoirs are present on the northern slope. The northern and southern slopes had different controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation respectively. Fracture growth in the reservoir beds is the most important controlling factor on the southern slope; while hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern slope is controlled by weathered crust and cap rock.

Effects of Land Use on Heavy Metal Accumulation in Soils and Sources Analysis

Heavy metal accumulation and its influential factors were studied in the different land use soils, which would provide a theoretical basis for controlling the content of heavy metals in soils. To identify the effects of land use on the accumulation of heavy metals in soils, 148 soil samples were collected from four land use patterns including greenhouse field, uncovered vegetable field, maize field, and forest field in Siping area of Jilin Province, China, and Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn contents of those samples were determined with ICP and ICP-Mass. The result showed that there was a rather large difference in effects of the accumulation of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Zn in soils under different land use patterns, except Pb. Based on the assessment which compared with background concentrations in soil, the higher accumulation of heavy metals was found in greenhouse and uncovered vegetable field, much less in maize field and forest field. The mean contents of heavy metals in soils from high to low were arranged in order of greenhouse field, uncovered vegetable field, maize field, and forest field. Cd and Cu had relatively serious accumulation in soils compared to Cr, Ni, As, and Zn. The mean content of Cd in greenhouse field was 0.467 mg kg-x,which exceeded the grade II of the Chinese Soil Quality Criterion GB15618-1995 （6.5 〈pH〈7.5） for Cd standard of 0.3 mg kg^-1, while it was 5.2 times of Cd standard in the forest fields. The mean contents ofCr, Ni, Cu, As, Pb, and Zn in soils under four land use patterns were lower than the grade II of the Chinese Soil Quality Criterion. Compared with the soil cultivated years, the agricultural chemical compounds and manures application, especially the quality and quantity of applied fertilizer was one of the main reasons for leading to different accumulation of heavy metals in soils under the studied land use patterns. The accumulation of heavy metals, such as Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Zn in soils was significantly affected by land use patterns, among them the accumulation of heavy metals in greenhouse soils was higher than others. It is suggested that the application of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and pesticides with high contents of heavy metals should be avoided to prevent the accumulation of heavy metal and keep high quality soils for sustainable use.

Source-Contacting Gas: Accumulation Mechanism and Distribution in China

Source-contacting gas, which is also called basin-center gas, deep basin gas, is the tight-sand gas accumulation contacting closely to its source rocks. Having different accumulation mechanisms from conventional gas reservoirs that are formed by replacement way, the typical source-contacting gas reservoirs are formed by piston-typed migration forward way. Source-contacting gas accumulations exhibit a series of distinctly mechanic characteristics. According to the valid combination of these characteristics, the estimation for the type of discovered gas reservoirs or distributions of source-contacting gas reservoirs can be forecasted. The source-contacting gas is special for having no edge water or bottom water for gas and complicated gas-water relationships, which emphasizes the intimate association of reservoir rocks with source rocks, which is called the root of the gas reservoir. There are many basins having the mechanic conditions for source-contacting gas accumulations in China, which can be divided into three regions. Most of the basins with favorable accumulation conditions are located mainly in the central and western China. According to the present data, basins having source-contacting gas accumulations in China can be divided into three types, accumulation conditions and configuration relationships are the best in type A basins and they are the larger basins in central China. Type B basins with plain accumulation conditions exist primarily in eastern China and also the basins in western China. Accumulation conditions and exploration futures are worse in type C basins, which refer mainly to the small basins in southern China and China Sea basins. Main source-contacting gas basins in China are thoroughly discussed in this paper and the distribution patterns of source-contacting gas in five huge basins are discussed and forecasted.

On Lacustrine Depositional Systems and Coal Accumulation in Baise Basin

Baise basin is a semi-graben type , pan-shaped faulted basin of Early Tertiary , in which carbonate lacustrine deposits and elastic lacustrine deposits developed . The assemblages of Gilbert-type delta-lakes ,littoral ,shallow and deep water fades are recognized . Based on grain size , the clastic lacustrine deposit systems can be grouped in three kinds of depositional sequences of progressive deposition : (1)from coarse to fine , (2)from fine to coarse and (3) from fine to coarse and then to fine agan . This was controlled mainly by hydrodynamic factor of lake bottom type .Lake shore was an important place for coal accumulation and peatmoor development . It had long time for coal accumulation and there was a very little amount of minerals into the basin ,and the thick coal layer and high quality coal developed m the zone where initial lake bottom was plan-like and the surface stream flow was weak .Peat accumulation advanced from the margin to the center of basin .Carbonate lakes contained much water ,very high preponderant contenis of coagel ,low inert contents and no fusinite in the coal .

Using compositional data analysis to explore accumulation of sedentary behavior,physical activity and youth health

Purpose:The study aimed to describe youth time-use compositions,focusing on time spent in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior and physical activity(PA),and to examine associations of these time-use compositions with cardiometabolic biomarkers.Methods:Accelerometer and cardiometabolic biomarker data from 2 Australian studies involving youths 7-13 years old were pooled(complete cases with accelerometry and adiposity marker data,n=782).A 9-component time-use composition was formed using compositional data analysis:time in shorter and longer bouts of sedentary behavior;time in shorter and longer bouts of light-,moderate-,or vigorous-intensity PA;and"other time"(i.e.,non-wear/sleep).Shorter and longer bouts of sedentary time were defined as<5 min and>5 min,respectively.Shorter bouts of light-,moderate-,and vigorous-intensity PA were defined as<1 min;longer bouts were defined as≥1 min.Regression models examined associations between overall time-use composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers.Then,associations were derived between ratios of longer activity patterns relative to shorter activity patterns,and of each intensity level relative to the other intensity levels and"other time",and cardiometabolic biomarkers.Results:Confounder-adjusted models showed that the overall time-use composition was associated with adiposity,blood pressure,lipids,and the summary score.Specifically,more time in longer bouts of light-intensity PA relative to shorter bouts of light-intensity PA was significantly associated with greater body mass index z-score(zBMI)(β=1.79;SE=0.68)and waist circumference(β=18.35,SE=4.78).When each activity intensity was considered relative to all higher intensities and"other time",more time in light-and vigorous-intensity PA,and less time in sedentary behavior and moderate-intensity PA,were associated with lower waist circumference.Conclusion:Accumulating PA,particularly light-intensity PA,in frequent short bursts may be more beneficial for limiting adiposity compared to accumulating the same amount of PA at these intensities in longer bouts.

Main Controlling Factors and Accumulation Model of Chang 9 Reservoir in Northwest Ordos Basin, China

In northwestern Ordos Basin, the Triassic reservoir Chang 9 has favorable reservoir forming conditions, extensive reservoir development, and huge potential for oil exploration and exploitation. Studying the main controlling factors and accumulation model of Chang 9 reservoir in this area can provide a basis for the production targets, and assist in formulating reasonable development technology policy. In this paper, to explore and summarize the hydrocarbon accumulation model, the Chang 9 reservoir were analyzed from the aspects of oil source, fracture, oil migration, structure, lithology and reservoir physical properties for the main controlling factors in this area. Organic geochemical and geological comprehensive analysis that the oil-source of the Chang 9 reservoir in the northwest of Ordos Basin is derived from Chang 7 hydrocarbon source rocks. The fractures provide a sound channel for the "vertical multi-point filling" of the oil source from Chang 7 to Chang 9. The crude oil migrates vertically from Chang 7 to Chang 9, then expands horizontally to form a reservoir. Structures play an important role in controlling the distribution of reservoirs, the control by sand in small layer and physical property is also obvious. This paper creatively establishes the reservoir accumulation model of Chang 9 in northwest of Ordos Basin, which is characterized by Vertical multi-point filling, horizontal expansion becomes oil pool. It reveals the genetic mechanism of the development of Chang 9 multi-reservoir in the study area, which provides guidance for exploration and evaluation deployment.

准噶尔盆地侏罗系煤岩气成藏条件及勘探潜力

准噶尔盆地侏罗系西山窑组、八道湾组两套煤层广覆式分布,煤系地层气资源十分丰富。但作为一个全新的天然气领域,盆地煤岩气基础研究薄弱、成藏特征、富集规律及资源规模不清。为探索深部煤岩的含气性,2020年钻探风险探井CT1H井,测试获最高日产气5.7×10^(4)m^(3),试采日产气量稳定在2×10^(4)m^(3),证实煤岩气领域具备高产稳产能力。通过对深部煤岩岩石学特征、煤岩储集性能、演化特征、煤岩气成藏控制因素等系统研究,明确了盆地煤岩演化程度低,属于中—低阶煤,西山窑组煤岩以中—大孔为主,八道湾组煤岩以微—小孔为主;构建了盆地煤岩气古生中储与自生自储两类成藏模式;结合烃源岩、构造、煤岩储层特征及气测异常响应等多种控藏因素对盆地煤岩气潜在领域进行了分类评价,优选了滴南—白家海、齐古两大煤岩气勘探有利区,计算二者2000~4000m埋深煤岩气资源量超万亿立方米。

琼东南盆地陵水北坡LS13-2区勘探思路与突破方向

琼东南盆地陵水凹陷南坡已发现了中央峡谷千亿方级气田,证实了陵水凹陷为富生烃凹陷。而陵水凹陷北坡LS13-2区的岩性圈闭勘探虽然也取得了“点”上的突破,但“见气不见田”,勘探效果不佳。为了明确该地区的油气富集规律和有利区带,以含油气盆地分析为基础,聚焦关键成藏要素,提出了新的勘探思路,并明确了有利成藏区带。研究结果表明:工区成藏条件整体有利,具备“充足烃源、规模储层、高效输导、整体保存”的大-中型油气田形成基础,但对于中新统岩性圈闭勘探来讲,也存在“烃源岩主排烃期早于圈闭定型期,断层垂向输导能力低”的不利因素,据此建立了“早期成藏、岩性圈闭、断-砂输导”三元勘探评价要素,并评价认为探区西部断坡海底扇带具备“原生油气藏、规模岩性圈闭、断-砂高效输导”的有利成藏条件,为最有利成藏区带。

玛湖凹陷及周缘白碱滩组勘探突破与新认识

为明确玛湖凹陷白碱滩组砂体分布规律和油气成藏模式,评价其油气勘探前景,综合钻井、测井、地震、分析化验等资料,系统梳理白碱滩组二段沉积规律和成藏特征。白碱滩组二段为辫状河三角洲—滩坝—浊积扇沉积序列,发育水下分流河道砂、滩坝砂和浊积砂3种不同类型的砂体,辫状河三角洲前缘亚相以河道砂为主,滨—浅湖发育滩坝砂,半深湖—深湖受坡折带控制发育多个浊积扇体,浊积砂呈朵叶状分布,建立了水下分流河道—滩坝—浊积扇的沉积控砂模式。研究区发育9大走滑断裂体系,其中,走滑断裂直通型、走滑断裂伴生型和走滑断裂接力型3种断裂组合能够有效沟通二叠系风城组烃源岩,作为油气垂向高效运移通道,白碱滩组二段整体具有走滑断裂通源、断裂砂体配置控藏和优质储集层富集的成藏模式。

华北赋煤区地热资源富集模式及开发利用方向

【目的】中国是煤炭大国,在煤炭行业迫切需要转型的形势下,研究赋煤区的地热资源成因与分布规律十分必要。华北赋煤区地热资源储量占全国的74.7%,是中国地热资源最富集的区域之一。区内分布有渤海湾盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、沁水盆地和南华北盆地等主要含煤盆地,其岩石圈热状态自东向西逐步降低。地热储包括新生界砂岩孔隙型和寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶-裂隙型两大类型。碳酸盐岩岩溶-裂隙热储温度高、水量大、易于回灌,是煤田区地热勘查与开发利用的优先选择。【方法】针对煤田区地热地质的特点,开展地热系统动力学分析,优选华北赋煤区的地热勘查与开发区域。【结果和结论】提出煤田区有以下4种聚热模式:(1)煤层与碳酸盐岩地层储盖组合传导聚热;(2)基岩面起伏变化传导聚热;(3)断裂带地下水活动对流聚热;(4)碳酸盐岩基岩面风化壳岩溶以及侵入体接触面岩溶对流聚热。并结合实例进行数值模拟分析。在此基础上,指出华北赋煤区地热勘查与开发优先方向是深部碳酸盐岩储层中的地热资源。地热能作为非碳基能源之一,以其储量大、清洁、输出连续的特点,在未来社会对电力、燃料和热力三大能源需求中的热力供应方面尤其可以做出重要贡献,而中国地热与煤炭资源在空间分布上的重叠,使地热开发利用成为煤炭行业转型的有效途径之一。

塔里木盆地台盆区走滑断裂带多层叠加样式及石油地质意义

随着塔里木盆地油气勘探的不断深入,在台盆区古生界发现大规模走滑断裂系统,提出了一种新型断溶体油气藏。受塔里木盆地多期构造运动的影响,走滑断裂表现出多层结构,具有多期叠加活动特征。基于高品质三维地震资料、钻井资料及油气地质资料,对塔里木盆地大型走滑断裂的多层叠加特征及对油气的控制作用展开研究。研究结果表明:塔里木盆地台盆区走滑断裂带在古生界主要发育5个结构层,分别为下寒武统盐下构造层、中寒武统盐构造层、上寒武统—中奥陶统碳酸盐岩构造层、上奥陶统—石炭系碎屑岩构造层和二叠系岩浆岩构造层;受多期构造运动及走滑断裂带活动的影响,5层结构在空间上具有带状分布、垂向叠置、差异叠加的特征;断裂叠加类型多样,总体上可以分为连接型、叠接型、反转叠加型及反转改造型4种;走滑断裂带叠加方式影响了石油地质条件,可形成多层差异聚集油气藏,主要包括Ⅰ型油气藏(奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏)、Ⅱ型油气藏(奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏、志留系碎屑岩油气藏及二叠系岩浆岩油气藏)及Ⅲ型油气藏(寒武系盐下层白云岩油气藏)3种类型。

济阳坳陷沾化东部古—中生界潜山构造样式与成藏模式

济阳坳陷古—中生界潜山经历多期挤压、伸展、走滑及剥蚀等构造作用的叠加,以沾化东部潜山为例,利用丰富的钻井与地震资料,在潜山构造层划分的基础上,剖析了潜山构造演化及构造特征,总结了潜山构造样式,建立了油气成藏模式。研究结果表明,晚古生代以来,在多期不同方向、不同性质构造运动的作用下,沾化东部古—中生界潜山经历了4期挤压作用、2期伸展作用、2期走滑作用、4期剥蚀作用,形成了高位、中位和低位3类潜山,发育了伸展、挤压、走滑与剥蚀4类9种构造样式。依据构造样式及潜山地层残留和上覆盖层的差异,建立了3类潜山成藏模式,其油气来源、油气富集层段及富集特征各不相同,其中高位潜山斜坡带上古生界与中生界、中位潜山下古生界和低位潜山中紧靠油源的潜山各层系油气成藏条件最为有利,油气富集程度高,是研究区下一步重点勘探对象。

高气液比水平井临界携液流量预测新模型

明确气井积液机理和携液规律对于掌握井下流体的流动状态至关重要。目前现场应用的临界携液流量模型较多,但是不同模型计算结果差异较大,Turner等模型计算的长北区块气井携液流量偏大,不利于指导生产。通过开展水平井流动模拟正交实验,捕捉典型流态,发现管斜角在45°~60°出现过渡流,通过编制流态识别程序进一步确定管斜角为46°时开始出现过渡流,此时携液最困难。基于液滴理论,引入井斜修正系数,建立了新的临界携液流量模型,新模型在长北区块气井中具有良好的适用性。新模型敏感性分析结果表明,由强到弱影响气井携液能力的因素依次为油管内径、井底流压、井斜角、井底温度。绘制的临界携液流量图版为后期开展停喷井治理措施的时机提供了依据。

天然氢气研究的现状、进展及展望

化石能源导致的碳排放对环境可持续发展构成了巨大挑战,寻找低碳甚至零碳排放的清洁能源,是能源研究领域的重大科学问题和技术难题。天然氢气以其高热值、零排放和低价格的特点被视为未来最理想的清洁能源。通过分析氢气获取方式及发展趋势、天然氢气的形成及富集机理、分布特征、天然氢气形成与示踪、运移与保存理论和技术等的新进展,综合研究全球天然氢气勘探实践采用的新方法、取得的新成果,提出了天然氢气形成、保存与成藏理论、技术的关键科学问题。研究认为:天然氢气的资源量较大,形成机理多样,聚集过程复杂,勘探与开发风险较大,应加强基础理论研究,积极进行天然氢气勘探开发技术、装备研发;提出天然氢气勘探的“遥感圈方向,物探定来源,化探选目标”的工作方法;政府、行业应该在政策上予以积极支持,加强顶层设计,出台相关政策,推动天然氢气的研究与勘探开发。

中非裂谷系走滑盆地构造演化及其控油作用--以乍得Doseo盆地为例

近年来,乍得Doseo盆地油气勘探相继获得重要发现,已成为中国石油海外油气勘探的重点盆地之一。文章在前人研究的基础上,利用中国石油在Doseo盆地的最新钻完井和地震资料,对Doseo盆地构造演化特征和油气成藏的基本条件进行系统分析,明确了下一步有利勘探领域。Doseo盆地主要经历了早白垩世早期断陷期(Mangara组沉积期)、早白垩世中期断坳过渡期(Kedeni组沉积期)、早白垩世晚期—第四纪坳陷期(Doba组沉积期—第四纪)3个演化阶段,发育了下白垩统Doba组、Kedeni组和Mangara组3套有利烃源岩,其中以Kedeni组湖相暗色泥岩为主力烃源岩,其有机质类型好、成熟度高,厚度大,分布广。盆地发育下白垩统多套储盖组合,受多期构造活动影响,构造圈闭类型多样,形成自生自储、下生上储及上生下储3类成藏组合。通过对盆地构造演化及其对油气控制作用分析,认为Doseo盆地下步有利勘探领域主要是盆地北部陡坡带和南部缓坡带及盆地早期沉积的Mangara组新层系。

四川盆地嘉陵江组天然气成藏主控因素与勘探方向

嘉陵江组是四川盆地天然气勘探的传统层系,近年来在川北、川西南等地区连续获得发现,但盆地内仍有大面积的勘探空白区,亟需深化对该层系天然气成藏规律的认识,明确成藏主控因素,进而指出未来的勘探方向。利用天然气地球化学等分析测试,结合构造恢复、盆地模拟等技术,以气源分析为基础,以典型气藏解剖为核心,结合对嘉陵江组成藏条件认识,通过对成藏过程的分析探讨了成藏主控因素,并建立了成藏模式。四川盆地嘉陵江组天然气主要来自下部的原油裂解气,嘉陵江组具有多套优质烃源岩供烃、发育多类型碳酸盐岩储层、通源断裂有效沟通气源的良好成藏条件,主生油期古构造、调整期构造及通源断裂、有利储层类型是嘉陵江组天然气成藏的主控因素;嘉陵江组具有“多源形成古油藏—古油藏裂解供气—通源断裂输导—晚期调整成藏”的成藏模式。基于此指出,分布于川西、川北等地区山前带,主生油期、气藏调整成藏期均处于相对高部位,发育通源断裂、保存条件较好的构造—岩性复合气藏是勘探的首选方向;分布于川东高陡构造带构造稳定区及向斜区的孔隙型岩性气藏是未来的主要勘探方向。

播种模式对新疆小麦干物质积累和产量及水分利用效率的影响

为确定北疆小麦适宜的播种模式,以北疆主栽冬小麦品种新冬18号和新冬41号及春小麦品种新春44号和新春48号为材料,设置晚播冬小麦(10月8日播种,用B1表示)、极晚播冬小麦和冬播春小麦(10月28日播种,用B2表示)以及春播春小麦(4月4日播种,用B3表示)三种播种模式,比较分析了播种模式间小麦的生育进程、总茎数、叶面积指数、光合势、干物质积累量、经济系数、产量及水分利用效率的差异.结果表明,B2处理的冬小麦较B1处理晚熟约7d,生育期缩短162d,出苗率、最高总茎数、LAI、总光合势、干物质积累量及总耗水量分别降低27.6个百分点、17.1%、11.5%、9.6%、3.7%和15.9%,而水分利用效率提高15.7%,平均经济系数和产量与B1处理无显著差异;B2处理的春小麦较B3处理早熟7d,生育期延长约4 d,出苗率、最高总茎数、LAI和总耗水量分别降低28.1个百分点、7.6%、5.2%和12.3%,总光合势、成熟期干物质积累量、经济系数、水分利用效率和产量分别提高6.3%、4.0%、4.5%、24.0%和8.7%;B2处理下冬小麦较春小麦晚熟约4d,生育期延长约3d,出苗率和最高总茎数的平均值分别降低7.9个百分点和7.6%,产量和水分利用效率均无显著差异.极晚播冬小麦和冬播春小麦的平均产量和水分利用效率均较高,其中产量与晚播冬小麦差异均不显著,熟期接近.综合考虑高产和节水及早熟的需求.本试验条件下,冬小麦极晚播和春小麦冬播是北疆地区小麦的适宜播种模式.

全油气系统理论基本原理

通过阐释全油气系统基本原理,并阐明全油气系统的结构,进而揭示常规油气—致密油气—页岩油气序列成藏规律以及全油气系统成藏模式与成藏机理;此外,阐述了页岩油气-致密油气储层地质模型、流动模型与开发生产机理,并给出了进一步的研究方向。研究表明:(1)全油气系统的主要结构包括3类流体动力场、3种油气藏与油气资源,以及两种成藏作用。常规油气—致密油气—页岩油气具有形成时间和空间分布的有序性、基于成因机理的序列合理性,表现出“序列成藏”的地质规律。(2)全油气系统成藏模式可以分为“碎屑岩盆地成藏模式”与“碳酸盐岩盆地(层系)成藏模式”两类。非常规油气的聚集成藏是一种“自封闭成藏”,油气自封闭作用的微观来源是分子间作用力(范德华力)。(3)非常规油气生产实践证实,页岩油气-致密油气储层地质模型、流动模型与开发生产机理是一个全新的领域,极为复杂,有待进一步研究。页岩油气一定是中国油气资源中最重要的资源接替。(4)进一步研究方向包括:碳酸盐岩盆地全油气系统特征及复合盆地演化源储耦合规律;页岩油气与致密油气运移、成藏与开发生产的流动机理;深层超深层页岩油气、致密油气和煤层气油气地质特征与富集规律;全油气系统油气资源评价与新一代盆地模拟技术;地球系统—地球有机岩与化石能源系统—全油气系统研究。

加味苇茎汤治疗支气管扩张症稳定期(痰热蕴肺证)的系列单病例随机对照研究

目的评价加味苇茎汤治疗支气管扩张症稳定期(痰热蕴肺证)的临床疗效和安全性。方法运用系列单病例随机对照试验(N-of-1试验)的方法,选取诊断为支气管扩张症稳定期,辨证属于痰热蕴肺证的患者,在一个治疗周期内先后接受两种不同的治疗方案,试验期治疗用加味苇茎汤,对照期治疗用西药氨溴索片,期间设置洗脱期,试验期和对照期的用药先后顺序按随机化方式决定,以目测模拟尺测量法(visual analogue scales,VAS法)评价治疗前后的症状改变,记录24 h痰量和自我评估测试(COPD Assessment Test,CAT)评分,并观察研究期间的不良反应。采用SPSS 25.0、GraphPad Prism 8软件进行统计分析和绘图,入组前的组间差异比较采用独立样本t检验分析;试验期和对照期治疗前后的症状得分、24 h痰量和CAT评分对比,以及两组治疗前后的差值对比采用配对t检验,比较临床差异和统计学差异。结果共有9例患者入组,最终纳入分析的治疗轮次为16次。试验期治疗后中医证候总积分,咳嗽、咳痰、痰液颜色、胸闷胸痛、口苦口干、乏力疲倦等症状,24 h痰量和CAT评分较治疗前改善,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验期和对照期中医证候总积分、痰液颜色评分、胸闷胸痛评分和24 h痰量治疗前后差值比较,试验组较对照组改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察期间未出现与试验方法或药物有关的不良事件。结论加味苇茎汤能综合改善支气管扩张症稳定期患者的临床症状,总体疗效优于西药氨溴索,且安全性良好。

不同类型水合物成藏特征研究进展

近年来不同类型水合物成藏特征备受关注,不同的赋存类型对储层特性和勘探开发具有重要影响。本文综合分析了天然气水合物的分布、成藏和稳定条件,深入探讨了气源、气体运移通道、储层条件、构造环境和成藏模式等特征内容,剖析了孔隙充填型水合物与裂隙充填型水合物在上述方面的具体差异。研究表明,孔隙充填型水合物的有利储层条件包括合适的孔隙结构、适宜的渗透性和高含气量等。裂隙充填型水合物主要分布在海底裂隙中,并与地质构造密切相关。沉积物基质成分及构成、裂隙赋存与地质构造共同决定了水合物的生成类型。较孔隙充填型水合物,裂隙充填型水合物在成藏模式方面会显著受到裂隙、断层等地质构造的影响。未来可持续关注孔隙充填与裂隙充填水合物在形成过程、赋存形态及物理响应等方面的差别;结合实验及数值模拟等不同方法,从多学科、跨尺度等多视角创新储层判别方法,明晰成藏差异,为水合物高效开发提供科学依据。