Orderliness of Hydrocarbon Accumulation Distribution in Rift Basins of Eastern China

The Cenozoic rift basins in eastern China show a clear temporal and spatial zonation and episodic tectonic evolution, which control their episodic hydrocarbon generation and zonal accumulation. In this paper, based on the study of depositional architecture, hydrocarbon migration system and dynamic evolution in the rift basins, combinations of hydrocarbon accumulation elements were analyzed using sequence stratigraphy. Hydrocarbon distribution in system tracts with different sequence orders was further studied. And we summarized stacking patterns and horizontal combination relationships for different types of reservoirs, such as lithological, tectonic-lithological, tectonic and stratigraphical reservoirs which can be observed from depression center to basin margin. The result reveals that various scales of pools exhibit significant distribution and evolution orderliness in different pool-forming units, i.e., depositional systems, plays and depressions. The regular distribution of various scales of pools is closely related to tectonic evolution and depositional filling in the rift basins. The result can be applied to the fine petroleum exploration in rift basins in eastern China. It will promote the scientific prediction and evaluation of reservoir types and their spatial distribution, lead to the active shifts of exploration targets in different zones, and thus support the stable progress of fine exploration in mature exploration areas.

Distribution and Accumulation of Neodymium and Its Effect on Secretion of Progesterone in Mice

Distribution and accumulation of Nd, and its effect on secretion of progesterone in mice were studied using radioisotope tracer ((()^(147)Nd)) technique. Following single intraperitoneal administration of neodymium traced with (()^(147)Nd) at a dose of 200 mg·kg^(-1), uneven distribution of the radioactive Nd occurred in various tissues and organs. Much amount of (()^(147)Nd) accumulates in the bone, and the residue increases with the lapse of time. Some amount of radioactivity was also detected in eyes, blood and brain, but the accumulation decreased with the time due to excretion and re-distribution in mice. In comparison with controls, concentration of progesterone is found to be significantly lower in the serum of administered mice, indicating a significantly inhibitory effect of Nd on secretion of progesterone.

Dynamic Simulating to the Accumulation and Distribution of Dry Matter for Black Walnut(Juglans hindsii) Seedlings

It is very important to study eco-physiological processes of plants and to determine quantitative relations between accumulation, distribution of dry matter and environmental factors for regionalization, standardization and precision agriculture. Meanwhile, global changes, e.g., atmospheric CO2 concentration rising, global warming, and climate abnormity, have been effecting on agricultural productivity. This study provides a theoretical basis for predicting productive potentials and development trends in different agricultural regions. One-year-old black walnut （Juglans hindsii） seedlings were employed as subjects for setting up the dynamic models of dry matter accumulation and distribution, based on mechanistic models of photosynthesis, matter conservation and concentration gradient. Under optimum conditions of soil moisture and mineral nutrient, during the period of the canopy construction, the dry matter accumulation of the canopy conformed to logistic curves; but the accumulation of both total biornass and dry matter of stem-root could be divided into two phases： the first phase was exponential increase, the second was linear increase. The total biomass, dry matter of canopy and stem-root all presented a fluctuant increase, which was affected by the environmental factors. Ratio of daily increase of dry matter in the canopy and the steem-root （dWJdWs） was changeable along with growth periods and environmental factors. At the initial stage of the canopy forming, dW/dWs was larger, about 3.2 on average, which indicated that the photosynthetic product was mainly used to develop leaves; in the midterm, it was about 1.9, which indicated that the distribution of dry matter in the canopy and in the stem-root was relatively balanced; when the plant tended to stop growing, dWl/dWs decreased linearly, and the main distribution of dry matter moved to the roots.

An improved model of partition curve based on accumulation normal distribution function

Extensive studies based on partition curve of gravity separation have been investigated. All created models are merely used to simulate density distribution at the same size fraction. However, they cannot be used to predictive distribution of materials depending on compound feature of density and size. According to this situation, an improved model of partition curve based on accumulation normal distribution, which was distinguished from conventional model of accumulation normal distribution for partition curve, was proposed in this paper. It could simulate density distribution at different size fractions by using the density-size compound index and conflating the partition curves at different size fractions as one partition curve. The feasibility of three compound indexes, including mass index, settlement index and transformation index, were investigated. Specific forms of the improved model were also proposed. It is found that transformation index leads to the best fitting results, while the fitting error is only 1.75 according to the fitting partition curve.

Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in Avicennia marina community in Shenzhen,China

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The concept and the accumulation characteristics of unconventional hydrocarbon resources

Unconventional hydrocarbon resources, which are only marginally economically explored and developed by traditional methods and techniques, are different from conventional hydrocarbon resources in their accumulation mechanisms, occurrence states, distribution models, and exploration and development manners. The types of unconventional hydrocarbon are controlled by the evolu- tion of the source rocks and the combinations of different types of unconventional reservoirs. The fundamental dis- tinction between unconventional hydrocarbon resources and conventional hydrocarbon resources is their non- buoyancy-driven migration. The development of the micro- to nano-scale pores results in rather high capillary resis- tance. The accumulation mechanisms of the unconven- tional and the conventional hydrocarbon resources are also greatly different. In conventional hydrocarbon resources, oil and gas entrapment is controlled by reservoir-forming factors and geological events, which is a dynamic balance process; while for unconventional hydrocarbon resources, the gas content is affected by the temperature and pressure fields, and their preservation is crucial. Unconventional and conventional hydrocarbons are distributed in an orderly manner in subsurface space, having three distribution models of intra-source rock, basin-centered, and source rock interlayer. These results will be of great significance to unconventional hydrocarbon exploration.

Combined effects of high temperature and waterlogging on yield and stem development of summer maize

The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological mechanism underlying the effects of high temperature and waterlogging on summer maize.The stem development and yield of the maize hybrid Denghai 605 in response to high-temperature stress,waterlogging stress,and their combination applied for six days at the third-leaf,sixth-leaf,and tasseling stages were recorded.The combined stresses reduced lignin biosynthetic enzyme activity and lignin accumulation,leading to abnormal stem development.Reduction of the area and number of vascular bundles in stems led to reduced dry matter accumulation and allocation.Decreased grain dry weight at all three stages reduced grain yield relative to a control.In summary,high temperature,waterlogging,and their combined stress impaired stem development and grain yield of summer maize.The combined stresses were more damaging than either stress alone.

Crop Yield,N Uptake and Nitrates in a Fluvo-Aquic Soil Profile

The effects of different chemical fertilizer combinations (N, P and K) oncrop yield, N uptake and nitrate distribution and accumulation to a depth of 100 cm were studied ina cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil profile (Beijing) with a continuous winter wheat-summer maize croppingsystem for nine years. The experiment consisted of 7 treatments: no fertilizer control (CK); Nalone, N in combination with K (NK), P (NP), and P and K (NPK and N1PK); and P and K in combinationwithout N (PK). The rate of N was 150 kg ha^(-1) for the N treatments except Treatment N1PK withhigher N rate (195 kg ha^(-1)), and the rates of P (P_2O_5) and K (K2O) were 75 and 37.5 kg ha^(-1),respectively. The applications of N combined with P and K (NK, NP and NPK) resulted in higher cropyields than a single application of N. The yields followed the order: NPK > NP > N1PK > PK > NK > N> CK for winter wheat, and NPK > N1PK > NP > NK > N > PK > CK for summer maize. Supplement of N withP or K, or both P and K resulted in a higher average N uptake of the two crops, which was in adecreasing order NPK > NP > N1PK > NK > N > PK > CK. The combinations also increased apparent Nrecovery more than N alone and CK. The nitrate content in the profile was thus reduced more in thecombination treatments. The nitrate accumulation in the soil profiles followed the order: N > NK >N1PK > NPK > NP > CK > PK. Higher N uptake by the adequately fertilized crops (Treatment NPK)reduced nitrate accumulation in the profile and thus reduced nitrate leaching. The optimum N:P:Kratio was thus of paramount importance in increasing yields and N uptake of crops and reducingnitrate leaching losses.

Design of Rail Pressure Tracking Controller for Novel Fuel Injection System

This paper proposes a rail pressure tracking controller based on a novel common rail system. A mathematical model, based on physical equations, is developed and used for feed forward control design. Rail pressure peak sampling mechanism is designed to remove the disturbance of rail pressure due to fuel injection. All enhanced tracking differentiator is designed to get smooth tracking signal and exact differential signal from signal with noise. Double loop control strategy is designed to decouple the system and to improve dynamic performance of the system. Experimental results indicate that fluctuation of rail pressure is within il MPa in steady condition, while within ±3 MPa in transient condition, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed rail pressure control strategy.