The Study of In-Orbit Calibration Accuracy of NOAA Satellite Infrared Sounder and Its Effect on Temperature Profile Retrievals

The calibration accuracy of High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder Mod. 2 (HIRS / 2) on NOAA-10 satellite is analyzed in this paper. The non-linear effect in the linear calibration curve induces a deviation of 1.5 degrees (k) of brightness temperature in the tenth channel (8.3 um, water vapor absorption) of the HIRS/2 and the non-linear effect affects the other channels to a different extent. Based on analyzing non- linearity in two-point calibration curve, a tri-point calibration equation is given. A numerical test of effects of the linear and non-linear calibration models on the accuracy of atmospheric temperature retrievals is carried out.

Development and validation of global prediction models for monitoring the manufacturing process of herbal medicine by ultraviolet spectroscopy

Objective: Process monitoring for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations is necessary to ensure the quality of the product. A typical pharmaceutical process of TCM preparations consists of multiple manufacturing units, such as ethanol precipitation, concentration, and water precipitation, among others. Compared with the traditional practice of one prediction model for one unit, the global model covers the variation from samples with different backgrounds or processes and can be used to monitor intermediates from substeps.Methods: We used ultraviolet(UV) spectroscopy to establish global models for a typical TCM preparation-Danhong injection.The concentrations of danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and hydroxyl safflor yellow A and the total phenolic and total sugar contents were quantified for every intermediate from operation units of Danhong injection. New samples prepared by mixing different intermediates were introduced for the calibration set to cover more variations. An accuracy profile was employed to validate the developed method from the aspects of specificity, trueness, precision,accuracy, linearity, and robustness.Results: The developed models showed a high determination coefficient(R2) value up to 0.97 and a low root-mean-square error of the prediction set. Five components of the models passed all validation tests, whereas the total sugar was not suitable for modeling with UV and did not apply to the whole process.Conclusions: This study indicates that the global models of UV spectroscopy for the quantitative determination of phenolic acids are feasible and reliable with a simple, rapid, and non-destructive method.Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A22.

Establishment and reliability evaluation of the design space for HPLC analysis of six alkaloids in Coptis chinensis(Huanglian) using Bayesian approach

Coptis chinensis(Huanglian) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) herb and alkaloids are the most important chemical constituents in it. In the present study, an isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) method allowing the separation of six alkaloids in Huanglian was for the first time developed under the quality by design(Qb D) principles. First, five chromatographic parameters were identified to construct a Plackett-Burman experimental design. The critical resolution, analysis time, and peak width were responses modeled by multivariate linear regression. The results showed that the percentage of acetonitrile, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and concentration of potassium phosphate monobasic were statistically significant parameters(P < 0.05). Then, the Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to further evaluate the interactions between the three parameters on selected responses. Full quadratic models were built and used to establish the analytical design space. Moreover, the reliability of design space was estimated by the Bayesian posterior predictive distribution. The optimal separation was predicted at 40% acetonitrile, 1.7 g·m L-1of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.03 mol·m L-1 of potassium phosphate monobasic. Finally, the accuracy profile methodology was used to validate the established HPLC method. The results demonstrated that the Qb D concept could be efficiently used to develop a robust RP-HPLC analytical method for Huanglian.