BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the Shi-pi-xiao-ji(SPXJ)herbal decoction formula is effective in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),but the underlying mechanisms are not known.Therefore,this study i...BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the Shi-pi-xiao-ji(SPXJ)herbal decoction formula is effective in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),but the underlying mechanisms are not known.Therefore,this study investigated whether the antitumor effects of the SPXJ formula in treating HCC were mediated by acetyl-coA acetyltransferase 1(ACAT1)-regulated cellular stiffness.Through a series of experiments,we concluded that SPXJ inhibits the progression of HCC by upregulating the expression level of ACAT1,lowering the level of cholesterol in the cell membrane,and altering the cellular stiffness,which provides a new idea for the research of traditional Chinese medicine against HCC.AIM To investigate the anti-tumor effects of the SPXJ formula on the malignant progression of HCC.METHODS HCC cells were cultured in vitro with SPXJ-containing serum prepared by injecting SPXJ formula into wild-type mice.The apoptotic rate and proliferative,invasive,and migratory abilities of control and SPXJ-treated HCC cells were compared.Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the cell surface morphology and the Young’s modulus values of the control and SPXJ-treated HCC cells.Plasma membrane cholesterol levels in HCC cells were detected using the Amplex Red cholesterol detection kit.ACAT1 protein levels were estimated using western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the vehicle group,SPXJ serum considerably reduced proliferation of HCC cells,increased stiffness and apoptosis of HCC cells,inhibited migration and invasion of HCC cells,decreased plasma membrane cholesterol levels,and upregulated ACAT1 protein levels.However,treatment of HCC cells with the water-soluble cholesterol promoted proliferation,migration,and invasion of HCC cells as well as decreased cell stiffness and plasma membrane cholesterol levels,but did not alter the apoptotic rate and ACAT1 protein expression levels compared with the vehicle control.CONCLUSION SPXJ formula inhibited proliferation,invasion,and migration of HCC cells by decreasing plasma membrane cholesterol levels and altering cellular stiffness through upregulation of ACAT1 protein expression.展开更多
MIcroglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis plays a crucial role in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage.Dynamic cytoskeletal changes accompany phagocytosis.However,whether and how these changes are...MIcroglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis plays a crucial role in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage.Dynamic cytoskeletal changes accompany phagocytosis.However,whether and how these changes are associated with microglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the function of acetylatedα-tubulin,a stabilized microtubule form,in microglia/macrophage erythrophagocytosis after intracerebral hemorrhage both in vitro and in vivo.We first assessed the function of acetylatedα-tubulin in erythrophagocytosis using primary DiO GFP-labeled red blood cells co-cultured with the BV2 microglia or RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines.Acetylatedα-tubulin expression was significantly decreased in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells during erythrophagocytosis.Moreover,silencingα-tubulin acetyltransferase 1(ATAT1),a newly discoveredα-tubulin acetyltransferase,decreased Ac-α-tub levels and enhanced the erythrophagocytosis by BV2 and RAW264.7 cells.Consistent with these findings,in ATAT1-/-mice,we observed increased ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)and Perls-positive microglia/macrophage phagocytes of red blood cells in peri-hematoma and reduced hematoma volume in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage.Additionally,knocking out ATAT1 alleviated neuronal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines around the hematoma,ultimately improving neurological recovery of mice after intracerebral hemorrhage.These findings suggest that ATAT1 deficiency accelerates erythrophagocytosis by microglia/macrophages and hematoma absorption after intracerebral hemorrhage.These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of hematoma clearance and suggest ATAT1 as a potential target for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The main components of the traditional Chinese medicine compound Nao Yikang have been shown to possibly alleviate neural damage. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of Nao Yikang on expression of choline a...BACKGROUND： The main components of the traditional Chinese medicine compound Nao Yikang have been shown to possibly alleviate neural damage. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of Nao Yikang on expression of choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） and caspase-3 in the rat brains of an experimental Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） model, and to investigate the mechanisms of potential neuroprotective effects. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Nantong University between November 2006 and December 2007. MATERIALS： The main active components of Nao Yikang were as follows： prepared polygonum multiflorum, Rhizoma anemarrhenae, and Rhizoma acori tatarinowii. Nao Yikang granules were prepared by Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Ibotenic acid （IBO） was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA, ChAT goat anti-rat antibody from Chemicon, USA, and cleaved caspase-3 rabbit anti-rat （Asp175） （5A1） antibody from Cell Signaling, USA. METHODS： A total of 60 male, Sprague Dawley rats （2 months old） were randomly assigned to 6 groups： sham-surgery, model, Nao Yikang 1.73, 3.45, 6.90 g/kg per day, and piracetam, with 10 rats in each group. Bilateral infusions of 5 pg IBO into the nucleus basalis of Meynert were performed with Hamilton syringe and stereotaxic apparatus for AD model establishment. For the sham-surgery group, rats received 1 μL saline in the identical stereotaxic position. From the second day, Nao Yikang groups were administrated 1.73, 3.45, and 6.90 g/kg per day Nao Yikang, respectively, while the piracetam group received 0.04 g/mL piracetam, the model group received 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the sham-surgery group received normal saline. Rats were intragastrically administered 1 mL/100 g daily for 28 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Following treatment of the various solutions for 28 days, Western blot was utilized to observe ChAT expression in the frontal cortex of AD rats, and immunohistochemistry was applied to quantify caspase-3-positive cells in the frontal cortex. RESULTS： ChAT protein expression significantly decreased in the model group （P 〈 0.01）, however caspase-3 expression was significantly elevated （P 〈 0.01） compared with the sham-surgery group. Compared with the model group, ChAT protein expression increased in the Nao Yikang 1.73 g/kg per day, 3.45 g/kg per day, 6.90 g/kg per day groups, and the piracetam group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01） and the number of caspase-3-positive cells decreased in the Nao Yikang 3.45 g/kg per day and 6.90 g/kg per day groups （P 〈 0.01）. However, there was no change in the number of caspase-3-positive cells in the 3.45 g/kg per day group. CONCLUSION： The traditional Chinese medicine compound Nao Yikang increased ChAT protein expression and suppressed caspase-3 expression in the frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner.展开更多
We observed dynamic changes in microvessels and a protective effect of estrogen on chronic cerebral ischemia ovariectomized rat models established through permanent occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries at 7, 14 and...We observed dynamic changes in microvessels and a protective effect of estrogen on chronic cerebral ischemia ovariectomized rat models established through permanent occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries at 7, 14 and 21 days. The results revealed that estrogen improved microvasculature in the hippocampus of chronic cerebral ischemic rats, upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression, downregulated Bax protein expression, increased choline acetyltransferase expression in hippocampal cholinergic neurons, and suppressed hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. These findings indicate that estrogen can protect hippocampal neurons in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the possible association between meat intake,cigarette smoking and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genetic polymorphisms on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.METHODS:Patients with CRC were matched for gende...AIM:To investigate the possible association between meat intake,cigarette smoking and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genetic polymorphisms on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.METHODS:Patients with CRC were matched for gender and age to healthy controls.Meat intake and cigarette smoking were assessed using a specific frequency questionnaire.DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the genotypes of the polymorphism were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Five NAT2 alleles were studied (WT,M1,M2,M3 and M4) using specific digestion enzymes.RESULTS:A total of 147 patients with colorectal cancer (76 women and 90 men with colon cancer) and 212 controls were studied.The mean age of the two groups was 62 years.More than half the subjects (59.8% in the case group and 51.9% in the control group) were NAT2 slow acetylators.The odds ratio for colorectal cancer was 1.38 (95% CI:0.90-2.12) in slow acetylators.Although the number of women was small (n=76 in the case group),the cancer risk was found to be lower in intermediate (W/Mx) acetylators [odds ratio (OR):0.55,95% confidence interval (95% CI):0.29-1.02].This difference was not observed in men (OR:0.56,95% CI:0.16-2.00).Among NAT2 fast acetylators (W/W or W/Mx),meat consumption more than 3 times a week increased the risk of colorectal cancer (OR:2.05,95% CI:1.01-4.16).In contrast,cigarette smoking increased the risk of CRC among slow acetylators (OR:1.97,95% CI:1.02-3.79).CONCLUSION:The risk of CRC was higher among fast acetylators who reported a higher meat intake.Slow NAT2 acetylation was associated with an increased risk of CRC.展开更多
Objective Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are involved in the detoxification of aromatic amines and hydrazine. In order to explore the possible association of NAT2 polymorphism with bladder cancer risk in benzi...Objective Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are involved in the detoxification of aromatic amines and hydrazine. In order to explore the possible association of NAT2 polymorphism with bladder cancer risk in benzidine exposed or non-exposed Chinese individuals, healthy subjects, subjects with bladder cancer of a former benzidine exposed cohort in Shanghai dyestuff industry and a group of bladder cancer patients without known occupational exposure to aromatic amines were genotyped for NAT2 gene polymorphism. Methods NAT2 genotyping was performed with a set of RFLP procedures at seven major polymorphic loci of gene coding area: G191A, C282T, T341C, C481T, G590A, A803G and G857A. Results The wild allele NAT2 *4 was the most prevalent allele (59%) in healthy individuals. The alleles NAT2*6A and NAT2*7B were also frequently observed (21% and 17%, respectively). In contrast to Caucasians, the percentage of slow acetylators was lower (12% in Chinese vs. 58% in Caucasians, P<0.001). No relevant differences were observed for homogenous rapid, heterogeneous rapid/slow and homogeneous slow acetylation genotypes between the healthy subjects and both groups of bladder cancer patients. Conclusion The present work did not support the association of slow acetylating genotypes of NAT2 gene with elevated risk of bladder cancer in Chinese whereas it was documented as an important genetically determined risk factor in Caucasians. Different mechanisms might play a role in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer related with aromatic amine exposure in various races or ethnic groups.展开更多
AIM: To identify whether the polymorphisms of the Nacetyltransferase (NAT) genes are susceptible to primary liver cancer (PLC) in Luoyang, a PLC low-incidence area of China.METHODS: The NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes of 96 P...AIM: To identify whether the polymorphisms of the Nacetyltransferase (NAT) genes are susceptible to primary liver cancer (PLC) in Luoyang, a PLC low-incidence area of China.METHODS: The NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes of 96 PLC cases and 173 controls were determined by PCR-RFLP.Both interaction between NAT1 or NAT2 and environmental risk factors were analyzed based on case control study.RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the frequencies of alleles NAT1*3, NAT1*4, NAT1*10, NAT1*14B and alleles NAT2*4, NAT2*6, NAT2*7 in PLC group showed no statistically significant difference (x2 = 2.61 and 4.16,respectively, both P＞0.05). The frequencies of NAT1 genotypes NAT1*3/*3, NAT1*3/*4, NAT1*3/*10,NAT1*3/*14B, NAT1*4/*4, NAT1*4/*10, NAT1*4/*14B,NAT1*10/*10, NAT1*10/*14B, and NAT2 genotypes NAT2*4/*4, NAT2*4/*6, NAT2*4/*7, NAT2*6/*6,NAT2*6/*7 and NAT2*7/*7 also had no statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2 = 11.86 and 2.94respectively both, P＞0.05). Neither the frequencies of rapid and slow NAT1 acetylators nor the frequencies of rapid and slow NAT2 acetylators were significantly different between the two groups (x2 = 0.598 and 0.44,respectively, both P＞0.05). The interaction betweenNAT1*10 and occupational exposures was found significant with an odds ratio of 3.40 (x2 = 8.42, P = 0.004,OR 95%CI:1.03-11.22). But no interaction was found between NAT2 and any environmental risk factors.CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of NAT1 and NAT2are not susceptible to PLC in Luoyang. Allele NAT1*10interacts with occupational exposures.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82074425Hunan Science and Technology Planning Project,No.2016SK2051 and No.2023SK2057the Hunan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project,No.B2023089.
文摘BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the Shi-pi-xiao-ji(SPXJ)herbal decoction formula is effective in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),but the underlying mechanisms are not known.Therefore,this study investigated whether the antitumor effects of the SPXJ formula in treating HCC were mediated by acetyl-coA acetyltransferase 1(ACAT1)-regulated cellular stiffness.Through a series of experiments,we concluded that SPXJ inhibits the progression of HCC by upregulating the expression level of ACAT1,lowering the level of cholesterol in the cell membrane,and altering the cellular stiffness,which provides a new idea for the research of traditional Chinese medicine against HCC.AIM To investigate the anti-tumor effects of the SPXJ formula on the malignant progression of HCC.METHODS HCC cells were cultured in vitro with SPXJ-containing serum prepared by injecting SPXJ formula into wild-type mice.The apoptotic rate and proliferative,invasive,and migratory abilities of control and SPXJ-treated HCC cells were compared.Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the cell surface morphology and the Young’s modulus values of the control and SPXJ-treated HCC cells.Plasma membrane cholesterol levels in HCC cells were detected using the Amplex Red cholesterol detection kit.ACAT1 protein levels were estimated using western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the vehicle group,SPXJ serum considerably reduced proliferation of HCC cells,increased stiffness and apoptosis of HCC cells,inhibited migration and invasion of HCC cells,decreased plasma membrane cholesterol levels,and upregulated ACAT1 protein levels.However,treatment of HCC cells with the water-soluble cholesterol promoted proliferation,migration,and invasion of HCC cells as well as decreased cell stiffness and plasma membrane cholesterol levels,but did not alter the apoptotic rate and ACAT1 protein expression levels compared with the vehicle control.CONCLUSION SPXJ formula inhibited proliferation,invasion,and migration of HCC cells by decreasing plasma membrane cholesterol levels and altering cellular stiffness through upregulation of ACAT1 protein expression.
基金supported by Science and Technology Innovation Enhancement Project of Army Medical University(to LX).
文摘MIcroglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis plays a crucial role in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage.Dynamic cytoskeletal changes accompany phagocytosis.However,whether and how these changes are associated with microglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis remain unclear.In this study,we investigated the function of acetylatedα-tubulin,a stabilized microtubule form,in microglia/macrophage erythrophagocytosis after intracerebral hemorrhage both in vitro and in vivo.We first assessed the function of acetylatedα-tubulin in erythrophagocytosis using primary DiO GFP-labeled red blood cells co-cultured with the BV2 microglia or RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines.Acetylatedα-tubulin expression was significantly decreased in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells during erythrophagocytosis.Moreover,silencingα-tubulin acetyltransferase 1(ATAT1),a newly discoveredα-tubulin acetyltransferase,decreased Ac-α-tub levels and enhanced the erythrophagocytosis by BV2 and RAW264.7 cells.Consistent with these findings,in ATAT1-/-mice,we observed increased ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1)and Perls-positive microglia/macrophage phagocytes of red blood cells in peri-hematoma and reduced hematoma volume in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage.Additionally,knocking out ATAT1 alleviated neuronal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines around the hematoma,ultimately improving neurological recovery of mice after intracerebral hemorrhage.These findings suggest that ATAT1 deficiency accelerates erythrophagocytosis by microglia/macrophages and hematoma absorption after intracerebral hemorrhage.These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of hematoma clearance and suggest ATAT1 as a potential target for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
基金Supported by: the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No. BK2004048Social Development and Technology Plan of Nantong City, No. K2008009
文摘BACKGROUND： The main components of the traditional Chinese medicine compound Nao Yikang have been shown to possibly alleviate neural damage. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of Nao Yikang on expression of choline acetyltransferase （CHAT） and caspase-3 in the rat brains of an experimental Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） model, and to investigate the mechanisms of potential neuroprotective effects. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Nantong University between November 2006 and December 2007. MATERIALS： The main active components of Nao Yikang were as follows： prepared polygonum multiflorum, Rhizoma anemarrhenae, and Rhizoma acori tatarinowii. Nao Yikang granules were prepared by Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Ibotenic acid （IBO） was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA, ChAT goat anti-rat antibody from Chemicon, USA, and cleaved caspase-3 rabbit anti-rat （Asp175） （5A1） antibody from Cell Signaling, USA. METHODS： A total of 60 male, Sprague Dawley rats （2 months old） were randomly assigned to 6 groups： sham-surgery, model, Nao Yikang 1.73, 3.45, 6.90 g/kg per day, and piracetam, with 10 rats in each group. Bilateral infusions of 5 pg IBO into the nucleus basalis of Meynert were performed with Hamilton syringe and stereotaxic apparatus for AD model establishment. For the sham-surgery group, rats received 1 μL saline in the identical stereotaxic position. From the second day, Nao Yikang groups were administrated 1.73, 3.45, and 6.90 g/kg per day Nao Yikang, respectively, while the piracetam group received 0.04 g/mL piracetam, the model group received 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the sham-surgery group received normal saline. Rats were intragastrically administered 1 mL/100 g daily for 28 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Following treatment of the various solutions for 28 days, Western blot was utilized to observe ChAT expression in the frontal cortex of AD rats, and immunohistochemistry was applied to quantify caspase-3-positive cells in the frontal cortex. RESULTS： ChAT protein expression significantly decreased in the model group （P 〈 0.01）, however caspase-3 expression was significantly elevated （P 〈 0.01） compared with the sham-surgery group. Compared with the model group, ChAT protein expression increased in the Nao Yikang 1.73 g/kg per day, 3.45 g/kg per day, 6.90 g/kg per day groups, and the piracetam group （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01） and the number of caspase-3-positive cells decreased in the Nao Yikang 3.45 g/kg per day and 6.90 g/kg per day groups （P 〈 0.01）. However, there was no change in the number of caspase-3-positive cells in the 3.45 g/kg per day group. CONCLUSION： The traditional Chinese medicine compound Nao Yikang increased ChAT protein expression and suppressed caspase-3 expression in the frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner.
基金a grant by Hebei Provincial Education Ministry,No.Z200632
文摘We observed dynamic changes in microvessels and a protective effect of estrogen on chronic cerebral ischemia ovariectomized rat models established through permanent occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries at 7, 14 and 21 days. The results revealed that estrogen improved microvasculature in the hippocampus of chronic cerebral ischemic rats, upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression, downregulated Bax protein expression, increased choline acetyltransferase expression in hippocampal cholinergic neurons, and suppressed hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. These findings indicate that estrogen can protect hippocampal neurons in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia.
基金Supported by The So Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP),Oncology Group-Gastroenterology Division,Universidade Federal de So Paulo,So Paulo,Brazil
文摘AIM:To investigate the possible association between meat intake,cigarette smoking and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genetic polymorphisms on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk.METHODS:Patients with CRC were matched for gender and age to healthy controls.Meat intake and cigarette smoking were assessed using a specific frequency questionnaire.DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the genotypes of the polymorphism were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Five NAT2 alleles were studied (WT,M1,M2,M3 and M4) using specific digestion enzymes.RESULTS:A total of 147 patients with colorectal cancer (76 women and 90 men with colon cancer) and 212 controls were studied.The mean age of the two groups was 62 years.More than half the subjects (59.8% in the case group and 51.9% in the control group) were NAT2 slow acetylators.The odds ratio for colorectal cancer was 1.38 (95% CI:0.90-2.12) in slow acetylators.Although the number of women was small (n=76 in the case group),the cancer risk was found to be lower in intermediate (W/Mx) acetylators [odds ratio (OR):0.55,95% confidence interval (95% CI):0.29-1.02].This difference was not observed in men (OR:0.56,95% CI:0.16-2.00).Among NAT2 fast acetylators (W/W or W/Mx),meat consumption more than 3 times a week increased the risk of colorectal cancer (OR:2.05,95% CI:1.01-4.16).In contrast,cigarette smoking increased the risk of CRC among slow acetylators (OR:1.97,95% CI:1.02-3.79).CONCLUSION:The risk of CRC was higher among fast acetylators who reported a higher meat intake.Slow NAT2 acetylation was associated with an increased risk of CRC.
基金This work was supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 grant: 2002CB512900) and German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF Project No. CHN-112-99).
文摘Objective Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are involved in the detoxification of aromatic amines and hydrazine. In order to explore the possible association of NAT2 polymorphism with bladder cancer risk in benzidine exposed or non-exposed Chinese individuals, healthy subjects, subjects with bladder cancer of a former benzidine exposed cohort in Shanghai dyestuff industry and a group of bladder cancer patients without known occupational exposure to aromatic amines were genotyped for NAT2 gene polymorphism. Methods NAT2 genotyping was performed with a set of RFLP procedures at seven major polymorphic loci of gene coding area: G191A, C282T, T341C, C481T, G590A, A803G and G857A. Results The wild allele NAT2 *4 was the most prevalent allele (59%) in healthy individuals. The alleles NAT2*6A and NAT2*7B were also frequently observed (21% and 17%, respectively). In contrast to Caucasians, the percentage of slow acetylators was lower (12% in Chinese vs. 58% in Caucasians, P<0.001). No relevant differences were observed for homogenous rapid, heterogeneous rapid/slow and homogeneous slow acetylation genotypes between the healthy subjects and both groups of bladder cancer patients. Conclusion The present work did not support the association of slow acetylating genotypes of NAT2 gene with elevated risk of bladder cancer in Chinese whereas it was documented as an important genetically determined risk factor in Caucasians. Different mechanisms might play a role in individual susceptibility to bladder cancer related with aromatic amine exposure in various races or ethnic groups.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 39870654
文摘AIM: To identify whether the polymorphisms of the Nacetyltransferase (NAT) genes are susceptible to primary liver cancer (PLC) in Luoyang, a PLC low-incidence area of China.METHODS: The NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes of 96 PLC cases and 173 controls were determined by PCR-RFLP.Both interaction between NAT1 or NAT2 and environmental risk factors were analyzed based on case control study.RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the frequencies of alleles NAT1*3, NAT1*4, NAT1*10, NAT1*14B and alleles NAT2*4, NAT2*6, NAT2*7 in PLC group showed no statistically significant difference (x2 = 2.61 and 4.16,respectively, both P＞0.05). The frequencies of NAT1 genotypes NAT1*3/*3, NAT1*3/*4, NAT1*3/*10,NAT1*3/*14B, NAT1*4/*4, NAT1*4/*10, NAT1*4/*14B,NAT1*10/*10, NAT1*10/*14B, and NAT2 genotypes NAT2*4/*4, NAT2*4/*6, NAT2*4/*7, NAT2*6/*6,NAT2*6/*7 and NAT2*7/*7 also had no statistically significant difference between the two groups (x2 = 11.86 and 2.94respectively both, P＞0.05). Neither the frequencies of rapid and slow NAT1 acetylators nor the frequencies of rapid and slow NAT2 acetylators were significantly different between the two groups (x2 = 0.598 and 0.44,respectively, both P＞0.05). The interaction betweenNAT1*10 and occupational exposures was found significant with an odds ratio of 3.40 (x2 = 8.42, P = 0.004,OR 95%CI:1.03-11.22). But no interaction was found between NAT2 and any environmental risk factors.CONCLUSION: The polymorphisms of NAT1 and NAT2are not susceptible to PLC in Luoyang. Allele NAT1*10interacts with occupational exposures.
