BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)15/19,which is expressed in and secreted from the distal ileum,can regulate hepatic glucose metabolism in an endocrine manner.The levels of both bile acids(BAs)and FGF15/19 are ...BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)15/19,which is expressed in and secreted from the distal ileum,can regulate hepatic glucose metabolism in an endocrine manner.The levels of both bile acids(BAs)and FGF15/19 are elevated after bariatric surgery.However,it is unclear whether the increase in FGF15/19 is induced by BAs.Moreover,it remains to be understood whether FGF15/19 elevations contribute to improvements in hepatic glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery.AIM To investigate the mechanism of improvement of hepatic glucose metabolism by elevated BAs after sleeve gastrectomy(SG).METHODS By calculating and comparing the changes of body weight after SG with SHAM group,we examined the weight-loss effect of SG.The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)test and area under the curve of OGTT curves were used to assess the anti-diabetic effects of SG.By detecting the glycogen content,expression and activity of glycogen synthase as well as the glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase)and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(Pepck),we evaluated the hepatic glycogen content and gluconeogenesis activity.We examined the levels of total BA(TBA)together with the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-agonistic BA subspecies in systemic serum and portal vein at week 12 post-surgery.Then the histological expression of ileal FXR and FGF15 and hepatic FGF receptor 4(FGFR4)with its corresponding signal pathways involved in glucose metabolism were detected.RESULTS After surgery,food intake and body weight gain of SG group was decreased compare with the SHAM group.The hepatic glycogen content and glycogen synthase activity was significantly stimulated after SG,while the expression of the key enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis:G6Pase and Pepck,were depressed.TBA levels in serum and portal vein were both elevated after SG,the FXR-agonistic BA subspecies:Chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA),lithocholic acid(LCA)in serum and CDCA,DCA,LCA in portal vein were all higher in SG group than that in SHAM group.Consequently,the ileal expression of FXR and FGF15 were also advanced in SG group.Moreover,the hepatic expression of FGFR4 was stimulated in SG-operated rats.As a result,the activity of its corresponding pathway for glycogen synthesis:FGFR4-Ras-extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway was stimulated,while the corresponding pathway for hepatic gluconeogenesis:FGFR4-cAMP regulatory element-binding protein-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1αpathway was suppressed.CONCLUSION Elevated BAs after SG induced FGF15 expression in distal ileum by activating their receptor FXR.Furthermore,the promoted FGF15 partly mediated the improving effects on hepatic glucose metabolism of SG.展开更多
目的从组织功能及细胞分子水平研究电压门控型钾通道(Kv通道)亚型在15-羟化二十碳四烯酸(15-HETE)致大鼠肺动脉收缩过程中的作用。方法采用组织浴槽血管环法,使用Kv通道阻断剂,确定受15-HETE调控大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)膜上Kv亚型...目的从组织功能及细胞分子水平研究电压门控型钾通道(Kv通道)亚型在15-羟化二十碳四烯酸(15-HETE)致大鼠肺动脉收缩过程中的作用。方法采用组织浴槽血管环法,使用Kv通道阻断剂,确定受15-HETE调控大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)膜上Kv亚型;使用RT-PCR和W estern b lotting技术观察受15-HETE调控PASMCs膜上Kv亚型。结果阻断Kv1.1,Kv1.2,Kv1.3和Kv1.6通道并不影响15-HETE诱导肺动脉血管收缩;15-HETE不影响PASMCs膜上Kv1.1和Kv1.2通道蛋白质表达;15-HETE下调PASMCs膜上Kv1.5和Kv2.1通道mRNA和蛋白质表达。结论缺氧可能是通过15-HETE这一介导因子抑制Kv1.5和Kv2.1通道,减少PASMCs膜上功能性Kv1.5和Kv2.1通道数量,导致PASMCs收缩。展开更多
In this paper, the role of mixed amino acids in nitrate uptake and assimilation was evaluated in leafy radish by using ^15N labeled nitrate. The mixtures of alanine, β-alanine, aspartic acid, asparagines, glutamic ac...In this paper, the role of mixed amino acids in nitrate uptake and assimilation was evaluated in leafy radish by using ^15N labeled nitrate. The mixtures of alanine, β-alanine, aspartic acid, asparagines, glutamic acid, glutamine, and glycine were sprayed to plant leaf two or four times. The activity of the enzymes related to the process of NO3- reduction （nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase） was affected differently depending on the application rate of mixed amino acids. Applying mixed amino acids increased the fresh weight, dry weight, and N yield. The NO3 content was reduced to 24-38%, but no significant differences were observed in amino acids and proteins. In addition, the nitrogen derived from fertilizer and the ^15N-NO3-recovery rate increased to 2-8% and 15-47%, respectively. These results strongly suggest that the positive effect of mixed amino acids on nitrate uptake and assimilation might be attributed to the regulation on NO3- uptake and assimilation, but not to the preference for amino acids as sources of reduced nitrogen.展开更多
The compound 15α-hydroxyl-oleanolic acid was biotransformed from oleanolic acid with Colletotrichum lini AS3.4486,and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR,13C NMR,HR-ESI-MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.T...The compound 15α-hydroxyl-oleanolic acid was biotransformed from oleanolic acid with Colletotrichum lini AS3.4486,and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR,13C NMR,HR-ESI-MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic,space group R3 with a=34.255（5）,b=34.255（5）,c=6.8671（14）,β=90°,Z=9,V=6978（2）3,Mr=490.70,Dc=1.051 mg/m3,μ=0.069 mm-1,F（000）=2430,R=0.0375 and wR=0.0808.The title compound is stacked into a three-dimensional network through hydrogen bonds.展开更多
目的:建立顶空气相色谱法测定药用辅料15-羟基硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯中的残留杂质环氧乙烷和二氧六环的含量。为15-羟基硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯的质量控制提供参考和依据。方法:参考国内外药典方法,选用色谱柱DB-5(15 m×0.32 mm, 1μm),以5%苯...目的:建立顶空气相色谱法测定药用辅料15-羟基硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯中的残留杂质环氧乙烷和二氧六环的含量。为15-羟基硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯的质量控制提供参考和依据。方法:参考国内外药典方法,选用色谱柱DB-5(15 m×0.32 mm, 1μm),以5%苯基-95%甲基聚硅氧烷为固定液,采用程序升温模式:起始温度为35℃,维持5 min,以每分钟5℃的速率升温至180℃,然后以每分钟30℃的速率升温至250℃,维持5 min。进样口温度为150℃,检测器温度为250℃,顶空平衡温度70℃,平衡时间45 min,分流比为10∶1。按标准加入法计算供试品中环氧乙烷和二氧六环的含量。结果:在该色谱条件下,环氧乙烷和二氧六环分别在0.5~4μg·mL^(-1)和5~40μg·mL^(-1)范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.99);平均回收率均为75%(RSD=5%,n=9)。来自三个厂家的五批次样品均未检测出环氧乙烷,其中一批样品未检出二氧六环,另外四批样品中二氧六环含量均小于0.005%,符合限度要求。结论:该方法适用于15-羟基硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯中环氧乙烷和二氧六环含量测定,为15-羟基硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯的质量控制提供了参考与指导。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81600617
文摘BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)15/19,which is expressed in and secreted from the distal ileum,can regulate hepatic glucose metabolism in an endocrine manner.The levels of both bile acids(BAs)and FGF15/19 are elevated after bariatric surgery.However,it is unclear whether the increase in FGF15/19 is induced by BAs.Moreover,it remains to be understood whether FGF15/19 elevations contribute to improvements in hepatic glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery.AIM To investigate the mechanism of improvement of hepatic glucose metabolism by elevated BAs after sleeve gastrectomy(SG).METHODS By calculating and comparing the changes of body weight after SG with SHAM group,we examined the weight-loss effect of SG.The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)test and area under the curve of OGTT curves were used to assess the anti-diabetic effects of SG.By detecting the glycogen content,expression and activity of glycogen synthase as well as the glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase)and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(Pepck),we evaluated the hepatic glycogen content and gluconeogenesis activity.We examined the levels of total BA(TBA)together with the farnesoid X receptor(FXR)-agonistic BA subspecies in systemic serum and portal vein at week 12 post-surgery.Then the histological expression of ileal FXR and FGF15 and hepatic FGF receptor 4(FGFR4)with its corresponding signal pathways involved in glucose metabolism were detected.RESULTS After surgery,food intake and body weight gain of SG group was decreased compare with the SHAM group.The hepatic glycogen content and glycogen synthase activity was significantly stimulated after SG,while the expression of the key enzyme for hepatic gluconeogenesis:G6Pase and Pepck,were depressed.TBA levels in serum and portal vein were both elevated after SG,the FXR-agonistic BA subspecies:Chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA),lithocholic acid(LCA)in serum and CDCA,DCA,LCA in portal vein were all higher in SG group than that in SHAM group.Consequently,the ileal expression of FXR and FGF15 were also advanced in SG group.Moreover,the hepatic expression of FGFR4 was stimulated in SG-operated rats.As a result,the activity of its corresponding pathway for glycogen synthesis:FGFR4-Ras-extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway was stimulated,while the corresponding pathway for hepatic gluconeogenesis:FGFR4-cAMP regulatory element-binding protein-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1αpathway was suppressed.CONCLUSION Elevated BAs after SG induced FGF15 expression in distal ileum by activating their receptor FXR.Furthermore,the promoted FGF15 partly mediated the improving effects on hepatic glucose metabolism of SG.
文摘目的从组织功能及细胞分子水平研究电压门控型钾通道(Kv通道)亚型在15-羟化二十碳四烯酸(15-HETE)致大鼠肺动脉收缩过程中的作用。方法采用组织浴槽血管环法,使用Kv通道阻断剂,确定受15-HETE调控大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)膜上Kv亚型;使用RT-PCR和W estern b lotting技术观察受15-HETE调控PASMCs膜上Kv亚型。结果阻断Kv1.1,Kv1.2,Kv1.3和Kv1.6通道并不影响15-HETE诱导肺动脉血管收缩;15-HETE不影响PASMCs膜上Kv1.1和Kv1.2通道蛋白质表达;15-HETE下调PASMCs膜上Kv1.5和Kv2.1通道mRNA和蛋白质表达。结论缺氧可能是通过15-HETE这一介导因子抑制Kv1.5和Kv2.1通道,减少PASMCs膜上功能性Kv1.5和Kv2.1通道数量,导致PASMCs收缩。
文摘目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease,COPD)大鼠模型肺组织中白三烯B4(Leukofriene B4,LTB4)与15-羟化二十碳四烯酸(15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid,15-HETE)含量的变化以及异丙托溴铵对其的影响。方法:36只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成A组(对照组)、B组(COPD)、C组(异丙托溴铵组),每组12只。测定各组大鼠肺功能、肺组织匀浆液中的LTB4/5-HETE的含量。结果:COPD大鼠用力呼吸量(Forced expirafory volum in the 0.3scond,FEV0.3)/用力肺活量(Forcedvifalcapacity,FVC)%较对照组显著下降(P<0.001),Ri和Re较对照组显著增加(P<0.001,P<0.05),肺组织匀浆液LTB4和15-HETE较对照组显著升高(P<0.001);异丙托溴铵的干预可显著降低肺组织中LTB4和15-HETE的水平(P<0.001),但对肺功能无明显改善。结论:COPD大鼠LTB4/15-HETE水平增高,参与气道炎症过程。异丙托溴铵的治疗可降低肺组织中的LTB4、15-HETE水平,改善气道炎症。
基金the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Forestry University, China (2006FR011)
文摘In this paper, the role of mixed amino acids in nitrate uptake and assimilation was evaluated in leafy radish by using ^15N labeled nitrate. The mixtures of alanine, β-alanine, aspartic acid, asparagines, glutamic acid, glutamine, and glycine were sprayed to plant leaf two or four times. The activity of the enzymes related to the process of NO3- reduction （nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase） was affected differently depending on the application rate of mixed amino acids. Applying mixed amino acids increased the fresh weight, dry weight, and N yield. The NO3 content was reduced to 24-38%, but no significant differences were observed in amino acids and proteins. In addition, the nitrogen derived from fertilizer and the ^15N-NO3-recovery rate increased to 2-8% and 15-47%, respectively. These results strongly suggest that the positive effect of mixed amino acids on nitrate uptake and assimilation might be attributed to the regulation on NO3- uptake and assimilation, but not to the preference for amino acids as sources of reduced nitrogen.
基金supported by the starting Foundation of Tianjin University of Science and Technology (No. 20070449)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (Nos. 08JCZDJC15200 and 08JCZDJC15300)
文摘The compound 15α-hydroxyl-oleanolic acid was biotransformed from oleanolic acid with Colletotrichum lini AS3.4486,and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR,13C NMR,HR-ESI-MS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal of the title compound belongs to monoclinic,space group R3 with a=34.255（5）,b=34.255（5）,c=6.8671（14）,β=90°,Z=9,V=6978（2）3,Mr=490.70,Dc=1.051 mg/m3,μ=0.069 mm-1,F（000）=2430,R=0.0375 and wR=0.0808.The title compound is stacked into a three-dimensional network through hydrogen bonds.
