Synergistic extraction of cerium from sulfuric acid medium using mixture of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono 2-ethylhexyl ester and Di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid as extractant

Synergistic extraction of cerium（IV） from sulfuric acid medium using mixture of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono 2-ethylhexyl ester（HEH/EHP, HL） and Di-（2-ethyl hexyl） phosphoric acid（HDEHP, HA） as extractant was investigated.The results indicated that the maximum synergistic enhancement coefficients were obtained at the mole fraction of HEH/EHP=0.6, and cerium（IV） was extracted into organic phase in the form of Ce（SO4）0.5HL2A2.A cation exchange mechanism was proposed for the synergistic extraction of Ce（IV）.The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic functions such as △G, △H, and △S were determined in the extraction of Ce（IV） from sulfuric medium using mixture of HEH/EHP and HDEHP.

Leaching Behavior and Mechanism of Cement Solidified Heavy Metal Pb in Acid Medium

The relationship between Pb leaching concentration and the solution＇s pH with time was analyzed when cement in its solidified form was leached in an acid medium. The effects of the particle size of the solidified form, the cement adding method, and the hydration degree on Pb solidification were also investigated. The experimental results indicate that cement is quickly dissolved and hydrated in the acid medium, forming a C-S-H gel or silicic acid sol with good adsorption. When cement-Pb solidified form is leached in an acetate solution, the hydrated product erodes with time, so the Pb concentration increases slightly in the beginning. Then, some of the Pb ions are absorbed by the newly generated silicic acid sol, C-S-H. Others produce Pb（OH）2 precipitation for secondary solidification, leading to a gradual decrease in the Pb concentration in a leaching time of more than two hours. Moreover, the particle size of the solidified form has important effects on the Pb dissolution. When the amount of added cement is low, with a pH of less than 9.5, the solidification affects the sequence of the original cement powder, the cement hydrated powder, and the cement- Pb solidified form. When the added amount of cement increases with a pH of more than 11, the effect of adding methods on solidification decreases, and the solidified form is a little better than others.

Adsorption of Ce(IV) in nitric acid medium by imidazolium anion exchange resin

N-methylimidazolium functionalized anion exchange resin in NO3 form （RNO3） was prepared and used for adsorption of Ce（Ⅳ） in nitric acid medimn. The adsorption amount increased with shaking time increasing and the adsorption equilibrium was obtained within 180 rain. Ce（Ⅳ） was partially reduced to Ce（Ⅲ） and the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） increased with shaking time increasing. But RNO3 was more stable than other resins due to the high resistance to oxidation. A little increase of adsorption amount was found with concentration of HNO3 increasing. However, the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） decreased with the increase of HNO3 concentration. The addition of NaNO3 decreased the adsorption amount of Ce（Ⅳ） on RNO3 due to the competitive anion exchange reaction. Ce（Ⅳ） was adsorbed on RNO3 in the form of Ce（Ⅳ） anion nitrato-complex. RNO3 and Ce（Ⅳ）-loaded RNO3 were characterized by fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） and thermogravimeric analysis （TGA）. Ce（Ⅳ） could be easily separated from RE（Ⅲ） solution by RNO3.

STUDIES ON THE EXTRACTION MECHANISM OF GOLD (Ⅲ) FROM HYDROCHLORIC ACID MEDIUM BY TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE (TPPO)

In studies on the extraction chemistry of gold, the extractants of alcohols, ethers, ketones and amines are widely used. The neutral extractants tributylphosphate (TBP) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TPPO) have been widely applied. A few experiments on the synthesis of solid complexes of transition metal ions with TPPO have been car-

Acidity and Rare Earth Concentration Effects on Ytterbium Purification by an Electrolysis Reduction in H_2SO_4 Medium

Ytterbium purification by an electrolysis reduction in sulfuric acid medium was investigated without nitrogen or argon protection, in which Ru-Ir-Ti alloy nets and mercury were used as anode and cathode, respectively. How the conditions such as the acidities of cathode and anode solutions, and the concentration of Yb（ Ⅲ ） to affect the circuit and ratio of Yb（ Ⅱ ）/Yb （ Ⅲ ） in electrolysis reduction were studied.

Application of response surface methodology in medium optimization for pyruvic acid production of Torulopsis glabrata TP19 in batch fermentation

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the fermentation medium for enhancing pyruvic acid production by Torulopsis glabrata TP19. In the first step of optimization, with Plackett-Burman design, ammonium sulfate, glucose and nicotinic acid were found to be the important factors affecting pyruvic acid production significantly. In the second step, a 23 full factorial central composite design and RSM were applied to determine the optimal concentration of each significant variable. A second-order polynomial was determined by the multiple regression analysis of the experimental data. The optimum values for the critical components were obtained as follows: ammonium sulfate 0.7498 (10.75 g/L), glucose 0.9383 (109.38 g/L) and nicotinic acid 0.3633 (7.86 mg/L) with a predicted value of maximum pyruvic acid production of 42.2 g/L. Under the optimal conditions, the practical pyruvic acid production was 42.4 g/L. The determination coefficient (R2) was 0.9483, which ensures adequate credibility of the model. By scaling up fermentation from flask to jar fermentor, we obtained promising results.

Ball-milling MoS_2/carbon black hybrid material for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic medium

Replacing platinum for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） in acidic medium remains great chal- lenges. Herein, we prepared few-layered MoS2 by ball milling as an efficient catalyst for HER in acidic medium, The activity of as-prepared MoS2 had a strong dependence on the ball milling time, Furthermore, Ketjen Black EC 300J was added into the ball-milled MoS2 followed by a second ball milling, and the resultant MoS2/carbon black hybrid material showed a much higher HER activity than MoS2 and carbon black alone. The enhanced activity of the MoS2/carbon black hybrid material was attributed to the increased abundance of catalytic edge sites of MoS） and excellent electrical coupling to the underlving carbon network.

Optimization of Fermentation Medium for Producing α-Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid by Using Plackett-Burman Design and Response Surface Methodology

Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology were applied in order to optimize the fermentation medium of (R)-α-hydroxyphenylacetic acid ((R)-HPA) producing Bacillus sp. HZG-19. The factors playing important roles in the production of (R)-HPA were selected based on Plackett-Burman design. The path of steepest ascent was undertaken to optimize said fermentation medium. Finally, the optimal levels of the factors with the greatest change in regard to product yield were further optimized using Box-Behnken and response surface analysis. The optimal conditions were found to be as follows: casein peptone 30.49 (g × L-1), glycerol 14.09 (g × L-1), KH2PO4 0.1345 (g × L-1), K2HPO4 0.01 (g × L-1), CaCl2 0.1 (g × L-1), MnSO4 0.01 (g × L-1). Under the optimal conditions described above, the yield of (R)-HPA reached 63.30%, which indicated an increase of 14.9%, as compared to the yield obtained before optimization.

Efficacy of medium-chain fatty acid salts distilled from coconut oil against two enteric pathogen challenges in weanling piglets

Background:The search for alternatives to antibiotics in pig production has increased the interest in natural resources with antimicrobial properties,such as medium-chain fatty acids(MCFA)as in-feed additives.This study evaluated the potential of a novel blend of MCFA salts(DIC)from distilled coconut oil with a lauric acid content to reduce enteropathogens and control intestinal diseases around weaning.Two experimental disease models were implemented in early-weaned piglets,consisting of two oral challenges:Salmonella Typhimurium(1.2×10~8 CFU)or enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)F4(1.5×10~9 CFU).The parameters assessed were:animal performance,clinical signs,pathogen excretion,intestinal fermentation,immune-inflammatory response,and intestinal morphology.Results:The Salmonella challenge promoted an acute course of diarrhea,with most of the parameters responding to the challenge,whereas the ETEC F4 challenge promoted a mild clinical course.A consistent antipathogenic effect of DIC was observed in both trials in the hindgut,with reductions in Salmonella spp.plate counts in the cecum(P=0.03)on d 8 post-inoculation(PI)(Salmonella trial),and of enterobacteria and total coliform counts in the ileum and colon(P<0.10)on d 8 PI(ETEC F4 trial).When analyzing the entire colonic microbiota(16 S rRNA gene sequencing),this additive tended(P=0.13)to reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enriched Fibrobacteres after the Salmonella challenge.In the ETEC F4 challenge,DIC prompted structural changes in the ecosystem with increases in Dialister,and a trend(P=0.14)to increase the Veillonellaceae family.Other parameters such as the intestinal fermentation products or serum pro-inflammatory mediators were not modified by DIC supplementation,nor were the histological parameters.Only the intraepithelial lymphocyte(IEL)counts were lowered by DIC in animals challenged with Salmonella(P=0.07).With ETEC F4,the IEL counts were higher with DIC on d 8 PI(P=0.08).Conclusions:This study confirms the potential activity of this MCFA salts mixture to reduce intestinal colonization by opportunistic pathogens such as Salmonella or E.coli and its ability to modulate colonic microbiota.These changes could explain to some extent the local immune cell response at the ileal level.

Geological characters and petrological characters of metamorphosed medium-acidic intrusive complexes in Ludong Orogenic Belt,China

Ludong orogenic belt in China is an importantal continent collision orogenic belt in eastern Asia, between Sino Korean landmass and Yangtze landmass. The host rock of the orogenic belt is metamorphosed medium acidic intrusive complexes, which can be divided into four types, that’s, quartz dioritz, granite dioritz, monzonitic granite and undertint monzonitic granite, principal minerals are plagioclases, potassium feldspars and quartzs, minor minerals are hornblendes, biotites, clinopyxenes and garnets, accessory mineral types and assemblages are very similar, specially, various rocks are mainly fine grained textures. They have the history of regional amphibolite facies metamorphism and deep middle shallow structural layer deformation, and are changed into various gneiss and tectonic system. There are many xenolithes of middle Proterozoic eclogite host rock extrahigh high pressure metamorphic complexes, a small xenolithes of early Proterozoic layered metamorphite system and granulites, and ultrabasic basic rocks of various epoches in the metamorphosed medium acidic intrusive complexes.

Facile, Direct Reaction of Benzaldehydes to 3-Arylprop-2-Enoic Acids and 3-Arylprop-2-Ynoic Acids in Aqueous Medium

Wittig reactions of benzaldehydes, alkanals, and cycloalkanals as well as of acetophenones are carried out with alkoxycarbonyl methylidenetriphenylphosphoranes in 10 w% aqueous NaOH, where the cinnamates and alkenoates produced are hydrolysed in situ and the corresponding acids are obtained after mostly simple extractive work-up, often without employing organic solvents. Under the same conditions, benzaldehydes are reacted with alkoxycarbonyl bromomethy-lidenephosphorane to produce 3-arylprop-2-ynoic acids (arylpropiolic acids).

Enhanced Oil Recovery by Injecting Oleic Acid as a Surfactant into the Porous Medium

Physico-chemical methods of improved oil recovery make it possible to increase oil production in deposits by injecting surfactants acting on various physical parameters. Oleic acid has an effect on the viscosity of the displacement fluid and the flow rate. Therefore, increasing the viscosity of the displacement fluid plays an essential role in improving the improved oil recovery. The physicochemical properties at the interface between petroleum and water are modified by oleic acid, lowering the viscosity of petroleum and increasing the viscosity of water, which facilitated the mobility of petroleum in the porous medium.

硫酸介质中咪唑-4-甲基亚胺基硫脲对碳钢的缓蚀作用

目的碳钢因其优异的性能被广泛应用于工农业中,为解决碳钢在酸性介质中的腐蚀问题。方法以氨基硫脲和咪唑-4-甲醛为原料合成了Schiff碱化合物咪唑-4-甲基亚胺基硫脲(MIT),采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振谱(NMR)及质谱(EI-MS)表征了其分子结构。将MIT化合物作为H_(2)SO_(4)介质中碳钢的缓蚀剂,分别采用静态失重法、电化学测试及腐蚀形貌分析研究了其在0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能,通过吸附模型、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法研究了MIT分子在碳钢表面的吸附行为,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和分子动力学模拟(MD)方法进行了理论计算研究。结果MIT在H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀效率随其添加量的增大而提高,随腐蚀环境温度的提高而下降,293 K下其在0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中的最佳质量浓度为240 mg/L,对应的缓蚀效率可达95.4%。MIT是一种混合型缓蚀剂,电化学缓蚀机理可解释为“几何覆盖效应”。在碳钢表面的MIT分子吸附属于化学和物理混合吸附(△G_(ads)^(°)=-31.62 kJ/mol,293K),且服从Langmuir吸附定律。结论MIT可有效抑制碳钢在H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中的腐蚀,MIT的合成既为H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中碳钢的腐蚀防护开发了一种有效方法,也为其他酸性介质中碳钢缓蚀剂的开发提供了新思路。

柴北缘中酸性侵入岩成因及其构造意义

研究区位于柴北缘缝合带与磨拉石前陆盆地的结合部,区内构造经历了多期演化,岩浆岩广泛发育。岩体侵入于下元古界金水口岩群和寒武—奥陶纪滩间山群中,岩性为闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩,属次铝质钙碱性岩系。岩石地球化学特征表明,该岩体具有火山弧花岗岩的特征,物源具有地壳和地幔的成分,并具同源岩浆演化特征。研究区主体属加里东期构造岩浆岩带,形成于板块碰撞前的构造环境,花岗岩结晶温压条件为640~720℃、0.1~0.3 GPa。

产聚苹果酸出芽短梗霉的筛选、鉴定及发酵培养基优化

从自然土壤样本中筛选得到一株产聚苹果酸(PMLA)菌株,该菌株经形态学观察和分子进化分析鉴定为出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)。筛选菌株同时具有聚苹果酸、普鲁兰多糖和liamocin胞外聚合物的合成能力。通过单因素和响应面试验对该菌种产PMLA的发酵培养基组分进行优化,获得较优培养基组分为葡萄糖130 g/L、硝酸钠5 g/L、玉米浆1.22 g/L、氯化钾0.5 g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.1 g/L、七水硫酸镁0.2 g/L、碳酸钙30 g/L,采用该培养基获得聚苹果酸的最大产量为25.82 g/L,比优化前提高了70.72%。

不同施肥组合对科尔沁沙地南缘沙地土壤健康指标的影响

为研究不同施肥组合对沙地土壤改良的效果,以辽宁省阜新市彰武县的沙地土壤为考察对象,开展了试验研究。试验以不施肥为对照(CK)处理,设置生物有机肥分别与含腐殖酸肥料(OH)、含聚谷氨酸肥料(OP)和中微量元素肥(OM)混施3个施肥处理,测定施肥后6、12、18个月的土壤中微生物数量和土壤理化性状的变化。结果表明:不同施肥处理的土壤中微生物数量均呈现细菌>放线菌>真菌的变化趋势,其中OH处理的细菌数量最多,3个取样时间的细菌数量平均值为1.510×10^(7)cfu/g,是CK处理的5.2倍;施肥处理的土壤中全磷、全钾和有机质含量均得到提高,OP处理的全钾含量平均值最高,质量分数为5.96 g/kg;施肥处理的土壤pH均呈下降趋势;施肥处理的地上部植物生物量提高。施用不同组合的肥料可以有效提高土壤微生物的数量,改善土壤理化性状,提高地上部植物生物量,是一种合理的沙地改良措施。

中链脂肪酸在疾病辅助治疗中的应用及作用机制研究进展

随着消费水平和健康意识的逐渐提高,消费者对于功能性食品的需求不断增加。中链脂肪酸作为一种重要的膳食脂肪,因其具有独特的运输系统,在体内迅速代谢的同时可以产生较高的能量,成为高价值的功能性食品。本文在介绍中链脂肪酸类型和结构的基础上,详细阐述其在人体内的代谢途径;同时,总结归纳中链脂肪酸在不同疾病辅助治疗方面的研究案例;此外,重点概述中链脂肪酸在阿尔茨海默症、癫痫、癌症、糖尿病和肥胖等疾病辅助治疗中发挥的积极作用,并明晰其作用机制。最后对中链脂肪酸未来发展前景进行总结展望,以期为中链脂肪酸在食品及医药领域的高效应用及推广提供理论参考。

APG06与CTAB联合乙醇强化活性污泥产中链脂肪酸

活性污泥经预处理后能提高资源化能力,表面活性剂与碳链延长技术的结合,更能增加中链脂肪酸(MCFA)的产量。研究将非离子生物表面活性剂正己基葡糖苷(APG06)和阳离子化学表面活性剂溴代十六烷基三甲胺(CTAB)联合乙醇处理活性污泥,研究在厌氧发酵情况下活性污泥产中链脂肪酸效率,考察乙醇加入前后MCFA的产量。研究发现,未添加乙醇时,VFA的产量最高,而在加入乙醇后,MCFA的产量大幅上升。乙醇的加入有利于碳链延长反应,促进VFA向MCFA的转化。微生物群落表明,高剂量的APG06和CTAB使用更有利于碳链延长反应过程。

多元化学计量学结合感官组学探究古井贡酒中3种中链脂肪酸对酒体品质的影响

研究重点关注的中链脂肪酸是一类碳链长度为6-8个碳的脂肪酸(即:己酸、庚酸、辛酸)。有部分研究表明,中链脂肪酸对酒体品质具有重要影响,可能会对白酒中部分微量成分的香气表达造成影响。此外,中链脂肪酸还可以通过酯化反应,生成中链脂肪酸乙酯,进一步影响酒体品质。因此,研究中链脂肪酸对白酒风味品质的影响,对于优化白酒生产工艺、提高产品品质具有重要意义。基于上述,为探究古井贡酒中中链脂肪酸对酒体风味品质的作用,本研究采用化学计量学结合感官组学方法,明确了古井贡酒5种代表产品中中链脂肪酸含量分布,确证中链脂肪酸对酒体香气表达的贡献。结果表明,在5种代表性产品中,己酸在酒体中含量最高,为218.7±2.1~796.2±22.4 mg/L;庚酸的含量最低,为13.8±0.5~18.1±0.2 mg/L;辛酸相对处于中间水平,为22.4±0.9~29.7±0.05 mg/L。结合感官组学发现,己酸与所有的香气属性(除酸味)都呈负相关性,相关系数范围从-0.63到-0.89;庚酸与所有的香气属性(除奶酪味)都呈负相关性,相关系数范围从-0.82到-0.91;辛酸与香气属性之间的相关性较弱且不显著。综上,中链脂肪酸在适宜浓度时对酒体的香气具有显著贡献,这为原酒品质的定向调控、成品酒的勾调提供重要理论基础。

不同种类氨基酸对蛹虫草发酵液中虫草素含量的影响

[目的]研究液体培养基中添加氨基酸对蛹虫草发酵液中虫草素含量的影响,并确定8种氨基酸最佳添加浓度。[方法]考察24种氨基酸(添加浓度为1 g/L)对虫草素含量的影响,采用DPS V18.10软件进行差异显著性分析,并对促进虫草素合成作用显著的8种氨基酸添加浓度进行研究。[结果]L-赖氨酸、L-半胱氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-天门冬酰胺、L-甘氨酸、L-丙氨酸、L-丝氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-组氨酸、肌氨酸对蛹虫草发酵液中虫草素含量具有不同程度的提高作用;4 g/L的L-甘氨酸对虫草素的合成促进作用最强,发酵液中虫草素含量为1022.25 mg/L。[结论]该研究为蛹虫草液体发酵生产虫草素提供参考依据。