Characteristics and distributions of humic acid(HA) and soil organic matter(SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their...Characteristics and distributions of humic acid(HA) and soil organic matter(SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their evolutions in different soils of the study area. The results showed that characteristics and distribution of SOM along the two soil profiles were notably different. Total organic carbon(TOC) contents of soil samples decreased just slightly along the limestone soil profile but sharply along the yellow soil profile. TOCs of the limestone soils were significantly higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils, and C/N ratios of SOMs showed a similar variation trend to that of TOCs, indicating that SOM can be better conserved in the limestone soil than in the yellow soil. The soil humic acids were exhaustively extracted and further fractionated according to their apparent molecular weights using ultrafiltration techniques to explore underlying conservation mechanisms. The result showed that C/N ratios of HAs from different limestone soil layers were relatively stable and that large molecular HA fractions predominated the bulk HA of the top soil, indicating that HA in the limestone profile was protected while bio and chemical degradations were retarded. Combined with organic elements contents and mineral contents of two soils, weconcluded that high calcium contents in limestone soils may play a key role in SOM conservation by forming complexation compounds with HAs or/and enclosing SOMs with hypergene CaCO_3 precipitation.展开更多
South China is one of the regions severely suffering from acid rain in the world.However,few systematic studies of rural precipitation chemistry have been performed in comparison with the extensive studies on their ur...South China is one of the regions severely suffering from acid rain in the world.However,few systematic studies of rural precipitation chemistry have been performed in comparison with the extensive studies on their urban counterparts of this region.In order to characterize the current acid rain status and identify its possible sources in the rural area of South China,we analyzed precipitation collected event by event from a rural forested watershed in southern Anhui Province between March 2007 and February 2010.The results showed that the concentrations of major ions within precipitation in the studied rural area were significantly lower than those reported for the urban areas of the same latitude in China.Nevertheless,the precipitation acidity(with an average pH value of 4.49) and the frequency of acid rain(95%) were considerably high.The relatively high ratio of(SO42+ NO 3)/(Ca2+ +NH4+) was the main cause of acid rain in this rural area,as SO 2 and NO x were the main precursors of acid rain,while Ca2+ and NH4+acted as the dominant neutralizers to the acidity.Source identification indicated that Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly were derived from alkaline dust,SO42,NO 3 and NH4+originated mainly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial and agricultural activities,most Na +,Cl,K + and some of Mg2+ were derived from the sea.The results suggested that the major ions within precipitation in the rural area of South China were related to the meso-scale and long-range transport of particles and aerosols in the air.展开更多
采用红外光谱和电子探针分析方法,开展对华北克拉通北缘燕辽地区中生代火山岩中斑晶矿物包裹体地球化学成分研究,并具体分析了燕辽地区中生代火山活动对古环境所造成的重大影响。研究表明,从中生代早期至晚期,燕辽地区火山活动喷出气体...采用红外光谱和电子探针分析方法,开展对华北克拉通北缘燕辽地区中生代火山岩中斑晶矿物包裹体地球化学成分研究,并具体分析了燕辽地区中生代火山活动对古环境所造成的重大影响。研究表明,从中生代早期至晚期,燕辽地区火山活动喷出气体及其气溶胶对古环境造成的影响具有明显不同的演化特征。从早到晚表现为:(1)南大岭期玄武质火山喷出的剧毒气体富集 S 与 Cl,它们导致火山区附近地表温度下降和酸雨形成;(2)髫髻山期安山质—粗面安山质火山喷发形成的气体以高含量的 H_2O 和 CO_2为特征,其对周围环境造成的影响是引起地表温度上升;(3)张家口期粗面质和流纹质火山作用喷出的剧毒气体富集 Cl 和 F 两组分,它们主要是破坏大气臭氧层和形成酸雨;(4)辽西义县期和九佛堂期中酸性火山活动喷入大气圈剧毒火山气体的 S、Cl 和 F 含量均较高,火山喷出的大量气体及其气溶胶与火山灰一起导致辽西中生代大量带毛恐龙和孔子鸟等脊椎动物集群死亡,并形成化石层。本文从火山气体及其气溶胶对古环境影响的角度初步分析了辽西地区出露大量中生代脊椎动物化石的原因。展开更多
基金financial supports are from the National Major Research Program of China (2013CB956702)the Natural Science Foundation of China (41273149, 41173129)+2 种基金the Science Foundation of Guizhou (20113109)the 100-Talent Program of CASthe opening project from the state key laboratory of environmental geochemistry
文摘Characteristics and distributions of humic acid(HA) and soil organic matter(SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their evolutions in different soils of the study area. The results showed that characteristics and distribution of SOM along the two soil profiles were notably different. Total organic carbon(TOC) contents of soil samples decreased just slightly along the limestone soil profile but sharply along the yellow soil profile. TOCs of the limestone soils were significantly higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils, and C/N ratios of SOMs showed a similar variation trend to that of TOCs, indicating that SOM can be better conserved in the limestone soil than in the yellow soil. The soil humic acids were exhaustively extracted and further fractionated according to their apparent molecular weights using ultrafiltration techniques to explore underlying conservation mechanisms. The result showed that C/N ratios of HAs from different limestone soil layers were relatively stable and that large molecular HA fractions predominated the bulk HA of the top soil, indicating that HA in the limestone profile was protected while bio and chemical degradations were retarded. Combined with organic elements contents and mineral contents of two soils, weconcluded that high calcium contents in limestone soils may play a key role in SOM conservation by forming complexation compounds with HAs or/and enclosing SOMs with hypergene CaCO_3 precipitation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 41071141 and 40601040)the International Foundation of Science (No. C/4077-2)receivedits fund from the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ISSASIP0704)
文摘South China is one of the regions severely suffering from acid rain in the world.However,few systematic studies of rural precipitation chemistry have been performed in comparison with the extensive studies on their urban counterparts of this region.In order to characterize the current acid rain status and identify its possible sources in the rural area of South China,we analyzed precipitation collected event by event from a rural forested watershed in southern Anhui Province between March 2007 and February 2010.The results showed that the concentrations of major ions within precipitation in the studied rural area were significantly lower than those reported for the urban areas of the same latitude in China.Nevertheless,the precipitation acidity(with an average pH value of 4.49) and the frequency of acid rain(95%) were considerably high.The relatively high ratio of(SO42+ NO 3)/(Ca2+ +NH4+) was the main cause of acid rain in this rural area,as SO 2 and NO x were the main precursors of acid rain,while Ca2+ and NH4+acted as the dominant neutralizers to the acidity.Source identification indicated that Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly were derived from alkaline dust,SO42,NO 3 and NH4+originated mainly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial and agricultural activities,most Na +,Cl,K + and some of Mg2+ were derived from the sea.The results suggested that the major ions within precipitation in the rural area of South China were related to the meso-scale and long-range transport of particles and aerosols in the air.
文摘采用红外光谱和电子探针分析方法,开展对华北克拉通北缘燕辽地区中生代火山岩中斑晶矿物包裹体地球化学成分研究,并具体分析了燕辽地区中生代火山活动对古环境所造成的重大影响。研究表明,从中生代早期至晚期,燕辽地区火山活动喷出气体及其气溶胶对古环境造成的影响具有明显不同的演化特征。从早到晚表现为:(1)南大岭期玄武质火山喷出的剧毒气体富集 S 与 Cl,它们导致火山区附近地表温度下降和酸雨形成;(2)髫髻山期安山质—粗面安山质火山喷发形成的气体以高含量的 H_2O 和 CO_2为特征,其对周围环境造成的影响是引起地表温度上升;(3)张家口期粗面质和流纹质火山作用喷出的剧毒气体富集 Cl 和 F 两组分,它们主要是破坏大气臭氧层和形成酸雨;(4)辽西义县期和九佛堂期中酸性火山活动喷入大气圈剧毒火山气体的 S、Cl 和 F 含量均较高,火山喷出的大量气体及其气溶胶与火山灰一起导致辽西中生代大量带毛恐龙和孔子鸟等脊椎动物集群死亡,并形成化石层。本文从火山气体及其气溶胶对古环境影响的角度初步分析了辽西地区出露大量中生代脊椎动物化石的原因。
