Acidolysis hydrocarbon characteristics and significance of sediment samples from the ODP drilling legs of gas hydrate

To study on the significance and basis of acidolysis index to China marine gas hydrate exploring, since 2006, 111 samples derived from Leg 164 and 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program （ODP） were analyzed in the experiment center of China Petroleum Exploration Research Institute to obtain data on acidolysis hydrocarbon index and methane carbon isotopes by the gas chromatography （GC） of PE AutoSystem XL and isotope mass spectrometer （IRMS） of Finnigan MAT25 I. Through these, we study the reliability of the acidolysis method and characterize the gas hydrate potential. The results show that the acidolysis hydrocarbon index has a stable correspondence with the Gas Hydrate Stability Zone （GHSZ） in the ODE and that there are clear abnormal signs in shallow samples that might reliably reflect the existence of authigenic carbonate caused by hydrocarbon migration from bottom hydrate. We therefore propose that the ability to characterize the acidolysis hydrocarbon is crucial to submarine gas hydrate exploration in China.

Determination of Acidolysis Hydrocarbons in Oil/Gas Geochemical Exploration Sample By Gas Chromatograph

1 Introduction Although a mumerous of papers were reported for the chemcial or instrumental analysis of inorganic elements for the geocheical samples(Sun and Xie,2014;Sun et al.,2014;Rao et al.,2004).However,the analytical methods

Carbon isotope composition of acidolysis hydrocarbons and its application to gas-source correlation in Ordos Basin, China

Hydrocarbons can be preserved in sedimentary deposits by absorption and includingsof diagenetic minerals during their formation from organic matter by catagenesis.Acidolysis hydrocarbon is mainly composed of C1--C5 gaseous hydrocarbons included indiagenetic minerals, such as carbonate and aluminosilicate. Its chemical

Bioelectrochemical acidolysis of magnesia to induce struvite crystallization for recovering phosphorus from aqueous solution

A novel struvite crystallization method induced by bioelectrochemical acidolysis of magnesia (MgO) was investigated to recover phosphorus (P) from aqueous solution using a dual-chamber microbial electrolysis cell (DMEC).Magnesium ion (Mg2+) in the anolyte was firstly confirmed to automatically migrate from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber,and then react with ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO34-) in the catholyte to form struvite.Recovery efficiency of 17.8%-60.2% was obtained with the various N/P ratios in the catholyte.When MgO (low solubility under alkali conditions) was added into the anolyte,the bioelectrochemical acidolysis of MgO naturally took place and the released Mg2+ induced struvite crystallization in the cathode chamber for P recovery likewise.Besides,there was a strong linear positive correlation between the recovery efficiency and the MgO dosage (R2 =0.935),applied voltage (R2 =0.969) and N/P ratio (R2 =0.905).Increasing the applied voltage was found to enhance the P recovery via promoting the MgO acidolysis and the released Mg2+ migration,while increasing the N/P ratio in the catholyte enhanced the P recovery via promoting the struvite crystallization.Moreover,the electrochemical performance of the system was promoted due to more stable anolyte pH and lower pH gradient between the two chambers.Current density was promoted by 10%,while the COD removal efficiency was improved from 78.2% to 91.8% in the anode chamber.

Recovery of Titanium from the Rich Titanium Slag by H2SO4 Method

The blast furnace slag bearing Ti02 in Panzhihua, China, is an important resource to be utilized. In the present paper, the effects of the ratio of slag to H2S04, the reaction temperature, the particle size of the slag, and the concentration of H2S04 on the reaction rate and the acidolysis ratio of Ti were studied. The results indicated that the maximum acidolysis ratio reached 98%, which can serve as an experimental basis for the production of titania from the slag.

Optimization of High EPA Structured Phospholipids Synthesis from （u-3 Fatty Acid Enriched Oil and Soy Lecithin

The molecular structure of phospholipids can be changed enzymatically to obtain different tailor-made phospholipids. Incorporation of ω-3 fatty acids into phospholipids structure increased their oxidative stability, suggesting more health beneficial phospholipids. This study aimed to optimize eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） incorporation into phospholipids structure by acidolysis reaction using free lipase （EC 3.1.1.3） from Rhizomucor miehei. Deoiled soy lecithin from anjasmoro variety was used as phospholipids source, while ω-3 fatty acid enriched oil was used as acyl source. Oil enriched with ω-3 fatty acids was obtained from low temperature solvent crystallization of lemuru （Sardinella longiceps） by-product. Response surface methodology （RSM） was used in this study to determine the relationship between the three factors （enzyme concentration, reaction time and substrate ratio） and their effects on EPA incorporation into soy lecithin structure. The results showed that the relation between EPA content with three factors （reaction time, enzyme concentration and substrate ratio） was quadratic. The significant factors were substrate ratio and reaction time. Optimum conditions at a ratio of 3.77：1 between ω-3 fatty acids enriched oil and soy lecithin, 30% lipase concentration, and 24.08 h reaction time, gave 22.81% of EPA content of structured phospholipids.

The green hydrolysis technology of hemicellulose in corncob by the repeated use of hydrolysate

To achieve green hydrolysis technology of hemicellulose through repeated using hydrolysate, the hydrolysis of hemicellulose in corncob was studied. The influence of repeated use of corncob hydrolysate on concentrations of D-xylose and L-arabinose was investigated. The loss rates of D-xylose in the prepared D-xylose solutions both with and without corncob, and repeated using corncob hydrolysate under identical acidity condition were discussed. The result shows that D-XyIOSe concentration and L-arabinose concentration are all gradually increas- ing with the growing time of repeated use of corncob hydrolysate. After the fifth repetition, the concentrations of D-xylose and L-arabinose are 196.7 g. L-1 and 22.0 g.L-1, respectively. Substance inhibiting the degradation of D-xylose is generated during repeated use of corncob hydrolysate, and the production is further proved by the change of D-xylose concentration and the loss rate of D-xylose over heating time.

Genesis of Marine Carbonate Natural Gas in the Northeastern Sichuan Basin,China

Sichuan Basin is one of the structurally stable and gas-rich basins, being regarded as one of China＇s important natural gas industry bases. Puguang and Jiannan gas fields, located in the eastern Sichuan Basin are two large fields with gas derived from Permian and Lower Triassic marine carbonate. The genesis of marine carbonate natural gas was examined using carbon isotope composition and hydrocarbon components of natural gas samples from the eastern and western Sichuan Basin, and compared with that of acidolysis gas derived from marine source rock in the eastern Sichuan Basin. It is concluded that the natural gas in the marine carbonate reservoir originated from pyrolysis of the earlier crude oil and light-oil, and then mixed with kerogen pyrolysis gas of the Permian and Lower Silurian source rock.

Quantitative ^(31)P NMR Analysis of Lignocellulosic Materials in Ionic Liquids

In an effort to utilize NMR technique for the analysis of the structural components of wood and biomasses such as lignin, we made a comparative study of lignin contents of several types of lignocellulosie materials both before and after enzymatic hydrolyses. To this end, Eucalyptus Globulus, Norway spruce thermomeehanieal pulp（TMP） corn stover and Eucalyptus kraft pulp were ball-milled and treated with cellulase to prepare materials with high lignin contents. These materials were analyzed via ^31p NMR in ionic liquids. The results show that the contents of various functional groups for the lignocellulosic materials after enzymatic hydrolyses are generally in agreement with those from their corresponding enzymatic mild acidolysis liginins（EMALs）, indicating that ^31p NMR analysis of lignocellulosic materials in ionic liquids is a promising method for quantitative characterization of lignocellulosic materials.

Rapid chemical recycling of waste polyester plastics catalyzed by recyclable catalyst

Waste plastics are serious environmental threats due to their low degradability and low recycling rate.Rapid and efficient waste plastics recycling technologies are urgently demanded for a sustainable future.Herein,we report a rapid,closed-loop,and streamlined process to convert polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)back to its purified monomers.Using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or metal triflates as the recyclable catalyst,polyesters such as PET can be completely depolymerized by simple carboxylic acids within 1 h.By coupling this acidolysis with a subsequent hydrogenolysis process,the consumed carboxylic acid was recovered and the closed-loop of PET depolymerization could be established.All catalysts and depolymerization agents are fully recycled while only PET and hydrogen are consumed.

Mono-and dioleyl p-coumarate phenolipids and their antioxidant activity in a muscle food model system

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the degree of esterification of p-coumaric acid to triolein via lipase-catalyzed acidolysis, and enzyme load, reaction time and mole ratio of substrates were selected as variables in the experimental design. The results showed that the model employed was highly sufficient for determining the effectiveness and interaction of three selected variables, enzyme load, reaction time and the mole ratio of substrates, on the dependent variable, the degree of esterification. Although the optimization point was not found in the selected range of the three variables, the steepest ascent analysis suggested that an increase of these three variables might lead to a stationary point. However, based on the limitations on increasing the range of tested variables, including possible oxidation of synthesized lipids and increased cost, the degree of esterification so yielded in the designed central composite design should be the one closest to the possible ideal optimized degree. The p-coumarates so produced exhibited varying antioxidant performance in the tested muscle food model, which could be explained by their different lipophilicity. Moreover, the potential health benefits of synthesized phenolic lipids have been discussed.