Preparation of ZrB_2-SiC Powders via Carbothermal Reduction of Zircon and Prediction of Product Composition by Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network

Phase pure ZrB2-SiC composite powders were prepared after 1 450℃/3 h via carbothermal reduction route,by using ZrSiO4,B2O3 and carbon as the raw materials.The influences of firing temperature as well as the type and amount of additive on the phase composition of final products were detailedly investigated.The results indicated that the onset formation temperature of ZrB2-SiC was reduced to 1 400℃by the present conditions,and oxide additive（including CoSO4·7H2O,Y2O3 and TiO2）was effective in enhancing the decomposition of raw ZrSiO4,therefore accelerating the synthesis of ZrB2-SiC.Moreover,microstructural observation showed that the as-prepared ZrB2 and SiC respectively had well-defined hexagonal columnar and fibrous morphology.Furthermore,the methodology of back-propagation artificial neural networks（BP-ANNs）was adopted to establish a model for predicting the reaction extent（e g,the content of ZrB2-SiC in final product）in terms of various processing conditions.The results predicted by the as-established BP-ANNs model matched well with that of testing experiment（with a mean square error in 10^（-3） degree）,verifying good effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

PREDICTION OF FLOW STRESS OF HIGH-SPEED STEEL DURING HOT DEFORMATION BY USING BP ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

The hot deformation behavior of TI (18W-4Cr-1V) high-speed steel was investigated by means of continuous compression tests performed on Gleeble 1500 thermomechan- ical simulator in a wide range of tempemtures (950℃-1150℃) with strain rotes of 0.001s-1-10s-1 and true strains of 0-0. 7. The flow stress at the above hot defor- mation conditions is predicted by using BP artificial neural network. The architecture of network includes there are three input parameters:strain rate,temperature T and true strain , and just one output parameter, the flow stress ,2 hidden layers are adopted, the first hidden layer includes 9 neurons and second 10 negroes. It has been verified that BP artificial neural network with 3-9-10-1 architecture can predict flow stress of high-speed steel during hot deformation very well. Compared with the prediction method of flow stress by using Zaped-Holloman parumeter and hyperbolic sine stress function, the prediction method by using BP artificial neurul network has higher efficiency and accuracy.

An Efficient and Robust Fall Detection System Using Wireless Gait Analysis Sensor with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Algorithms

In this work, a total of 322 tests were taken on young volunteers by performing 10 different falls, 6 different Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and 7 Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) tests using a custom-designed Wireless Gait Analysis Sensor (WGAS). In order to perform automatic fall detection, we used Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) based on the 6 features extracted from the raw data. The WGAS, which includes a tri-axial accelerometer, 2 gyroscopes, and a MSP430 microcontroller, is worn by the subjects at either T4 (at back) or as a belt-clip in front of the waist during the various tests. The raw data is wirelessly transmitted from the WGAS to a near-by PC for real-time fall classification. The BP ANN is optimized by varying the training, testing and validation data sets and training the network with different learning schemes. SVM is optimized by using three different kernels and selecting the kernel for best classification rate. The overall accuracy of BP ANN is obtained as 98.20% with LM and RPROP training from the T4 data, while from the data taken at the belt, we achieved 98.70% with LM and SCG learning. The overall accuracy using SVM was 98.80% and 98.71% with RBF kernel from the T4 and belt position data, respectively.

Experiments and shape prediction of plasma deposit layer using artificial neural network

Plasma surfacing is an important enabling technology in high-performance coating applications. Recently, it is applied to rapid prototyping/tooling to reduce development time and manufacturing cost for the development of new products. However, this technology is in its infancy, it is essential to understand clearly how process variables relate to deposit microstructure and properties for plasma deposition manufacturing process control. In this paper, layer appearance of single surfacing under different parametem such as plasma current, voltage, powder feedrate and travel speed is studied. Back-propagation neural networks are used to associate the depositing process variables with the features of the deposit layer shape. These networks can be effectively implemented to estimate the layer shape. The results Indicate that neural networks can yield fairly accurate results and can be used as a practical tool in plasma deposition manufacturing process.

Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Networks for Water Supply Pipeline Model

Water supply pipelines are the lifelines of a city. When pipelines burst, the burst site is difficult to locate by traditional methods such as manual tools or only by watching. In this paper, the burst site was identified using back-propagation (BP) artificial neural networks (ANN). The study is based on an indoor urban water supply model experiment. The key to appling BP ANN is to optimize the ANN's topological structure and learning parameters. This paper presents the optimizing method for a 3-layer BP neural network's topological structure and its learning parameters-learning ratio and the momentum factor. The indoor water supply pipeline model experimental results show that BP ANNs can be used to locate the burst point in urban water supply systems. The topological structure and learning parameters were optimized using the experimental results.

Artificial Neural Networks for Event Based Rainfall-Runoff Modeling

The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach has been successfully used in many hydrological studies especially the rainfall-runoff modeling using continuous data. The present study examines its applicability to model the event-based rainfall-runoff process. A case study has been done for Ajay river basin to develop event-based rainfall-runoff model for the basin to simulate the hourly runoff at Sarath gauging site. The results demonstrate that ANN models are able to provide a good representation of an event-based rainfall-runoff process. The two important parameters, when predicting a flood hydrograph, are the magnitude of the peak discharge and the time to peak discharge. The developed ANN models have been able to predict this information with great accuracy. This shows that ANNs can be very efficient in modeling an event-based rainfall-runoff process for determining the peak discharge and time to the peak discharge very accurately. This is important in water resources design and management applications, where peak discharge and time to peak discharge are important input

A Novel Evaluation Strategy to Artificial Neural Network Model Based on Bionics

With the continuous deepening of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)research,ANN model structure and function are improving towards diversification and intelligence.However,the model is more evaluated from the pros and cons of the problem-solving results and the lack of evaluation from the biomimetic aspect of imitating neural networks is not inclusive enough.Hence,a new ANN models evaluation strategy is proposed from the perspective of bionics in response to this problem in the paper.Firstly,four classical neural network models are illustrated:Back Propagation(BP)network,Deep Belief Network(DBN),LeNet5 network,and olfactory bionic model(KIII model),and the neuron transmission mode and equation,network structure,and weight updating principle of the models are analyzed qualitatively.The analysis results show that the KIII model comes closer to the actual biological nervous system compared with other models,and the LeNet5 network simulates the nervous system in depth.Secondly,evaluation indexes of ANN are constructed from the perspective of bionics in this paper:small-world,synchronous,and chaotic characteristics.Finally,the network model is quantitatively analyzed by evaluation indexes from the perspective of bionics.The experimental results show that the DBN network,LeNet5 network,and BP network have synchronous characteristics.And the DBN network and LeNet5 network have certain chaotic characteristics,but there is still a certain distance between the three classical neural networks and actual biological neural networks.The KIII model has certain small-world characteristics in structure,and its network also exhibits synchronization characteristics and chaotic characteristics.Compared with the DBN network,LeNet5 network,and the BP network,the KIII model is closer to the real biological neural network.

BFA BASED NEURAL NETWORK FOR IMAGE COMPRESSION

A novel Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA) based neural network is presented for image compression. To improve the quality of the decompressed images, the concepts of reproduction, elimination and dispersal in BFA are firstly introduced into neural network in the proposed algorithm. Extensive experiments are conducted on standard testing images and the results show that the pro- posed method can improve the quality of the reconstructed images significantly.

基于ANN的中医舌诊八纲辨证知识库构建与应用

从中医舌诊与八纲辨证之间的不确定性、复杂性、逻辑推理的模糊性出发,寻找能够充分模拟舌像与八纲辨证的非线性映射关系的数据模型,探讨利用人工神经网络(ANN)算法构建中医诊断神经网络知识库。采用MS SQL Server2005平台,选择Microsoft神经网络数据挖掘查看功能,并能够预测分析,可以有效辅助教学实践和中医临床规范化诊断。

基于激光诱导击穿光谱的瞬态温度测量方法

温度是影响材料力学性能的重要因素之一,准确测量器件温度是认识材料在应力作用下其力学性能演变以及评估设备健康状态和寿命的重要方式。面向功率器件开关过程中焊接界面快速温变测量的需求,传统方法存在时间分辨能力不足、难以测量瞬态温度的问题。文中基于激光诱导元素特征谱线强度与温度的密切相关性,提出了一种微秒量级时间分辨能力的表面温度测量方法,并建立了样品表面温度与光谱特性之间的定量关系。研究结果表明,物质表面温度提升导致激光诱导等离子体光谱强度和信噪比增强,且增强效果受到光谱采集延时和门宽影响。采用反向传播-人工神经网络(back propagation-artificial neural network,BP-ANN)和偏最小二乘(partial least squares,PLS)法对表面温度与光谱特性关系定量拟合并校准,拟合模型线性相关性拟合度指标均大于0.99。BP-ANN拟合模型的拟合偏差更小,其均方根误差(root mean squared error,RMSE)为2.582,正确率为98.3%。该方法为物体瞬态温度测量提供了一种有效手段,对功率器件焊接界面健康状态的评估给予了有力支撑。

基于ANN-BP模型的电子商务信用风险形成思路

企业生存风险的识别的本质是确定企业生存风险识别的模式和影响企业生存风险状态的各指标权重,但是众多影响因素间不存在确定的函数关系表达式,并且各指标权重的确定也相当复杂。人工神经网络(ANN)基于并行处理机制从结构上对人类的思维过程进行模拟,从而能实现人类思维的某些功能。人工神经网络可以实现任意形式的映射,这就为企业生存风险识别提供了一种新的思路。基于人工神经网络(ANN)的电子商务信用风险模式识别,能够充分利用样本电子商务信用风险的有关信息,通过高度的非线性映射,揭示感知信用风险与其相关影响因素即主要诱因的内在作用机理,从而从根本上克服了感知信用风险测度或识别中建模及其求解的困难。

基于ANN的机械设计专家系统知识表示研究

机械设计专家系统(MDES)是专家系统理论(ES)和智能CAD技术的有机结合,但因为机械设计知识的复杂性、模糊性和不确定性而难以实现程序化。根据人工神经网络(ANN)的基本思想,提出了基于ANN的MDES知识表示原理,在重新划分了机械设计知识类型的基础上,分析了应用ANN进行MDES知识表示的具体方法和步骤,并运用BP网络完成了对机械线图知识的表示实例。

基于KBANN的调制识别仿真研究

BP网络广泛应用于多信号调制样式识别,但普通BP网络存在隐层数目难以确定、收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最小等缺点。为了克服上述缺点,仿真研究了一种基于知识人工神经网络(KBANN)的信号调制样式识别算法。首先将C4.5算法引入信号特征参数的阈值分割,根据输出的决策树构造出具有决策树特征的拓扑结构,然后使用共轭梯度学习算法提高BP网络的收敛性能。仿真结果表明,与普通BP网络相比,基于知识神经网络的识别算法网络的结构易于实现、能有效改善网络收敛,并提高低信噪比下的正确识别率,为利用神经网络进行调制识别提供了新的思路。

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK CORRECTION OF ROUGH ERRORS OF OBSERVATIONS

In the context of tower measured radiation datasets.following the correction principle meeting a diagnostic equation in data quality control and in terms of a technique for model construction on data and ANN(artificial neural network)retrieval for BP correction of radiation measurements with rough errors available,a BP model is presented.Evidence suggests that the developed model works well and is superior to a convenient multivariate linear regression model,indicating its wide applications.

BP-ANN模型在井灌水稻区地下水埋深预测中的应用

利用改进的BP算法,对三江平原创业农场井灌水稻区月平均地下水埋深进行了模拟仿真,网络拟合精度与预测精度均达到满意效果。BP-ANN模型为节约地下水开采量,恢复该地区的地下水动态平衡、制订农作物优化灌溉制度,促进农业及水资源的可持续发展提供参考作用。

应用人工神经网络（ANN）预测结构的地震响应

提出了基于人工神经网络（ＡｒｔｉｆｉｃｉａｌＮｅｕｒａｌＮｅｔｗｏｒｋｓ）对动力结构进行系统辨识的方法，即应用人工神经网络预测结构地震响应．采用ＢＰ算法的前馈网络（简称ＢＰ网络）对剪切模型结构进行系统辨识．首先用实际地震波及相应的模拟地震响应训练本文提出的ＢＰ网络，然后用“已学会”的ＢＰ网络预测其它地震波激励下的结构地震响应．还讨论了网络拓扑结构、输入单元数等对网络学习和预测的影响．通过本文可以发现。

知识萃取研究述评

文章对知识萃取的概念、面临的问题、技术和应用进行了描述,通过对当前知识萃取的研究成果进行梳理,阐述知识萃取的研究现状,明确未来研究方向。通过分析可以看出知识萃取的研究仍处于初级阶段,对技术和应用等方面的研究还有许多不足之处,需要进一步的创新与发展。文章提出知识萃取的技术创新、知识库的构建和维护、知识图谱和知识融合的发展有可能成为知识萃取未来的研究热点,可以做更加深入的研究。

大规模风电并网电力系统经济调度中风电场出力的短期预测模型

考虑到大规模风电并网电力系统经济调度中,对风电场出力的短期预测在时间尺度和精度尺度方面的要求,以传统的反传播神经网络(back propagation artificial neural network,BP-ANN)作为预测手段的基础,建立了风电场短期出力预预测模型。考虑到历史的预测误差与未来预测误差间的映射关系,利用传统的BP-ANN预测技术对未来的预测误差进行预测。通过算例仿真发现,误差预测变化趋势能跟踪预预测的误差变化,基于此并考虑到经济调度对风电场出力预测精度的要求,建立了对风电场出力短期预预测进行修正的风电场出力短期预测模型,进一步的算例仿真表明了该模型的有效性。

一种改进的BP算法及在降水预报中的应用

传统BP(back propagation)算法在实际应用中具有网络结构参数和学习训练参数难以确定、泛化能力差、训练学习易陷入局部极小点等问题。该文在传统BP算法的基础上,提出一种改进算法,在训练过程中能自动确定各种参数,并避免陷入局部极小点,提高网络的泛化能力。利用2003—2005年5—9月中国国家气象中心T213的数值预报产品,通过动力诊断得出反映降水的物理量,然后从中挑选出与降水关系较好的25个因子,连同中国国家气象中心T213模式、日本气象厅业务模式和德国气象局业务模式相应的降水量预报结果作为预报因子。采用改进的BP算法建立江淮流域68个站24 h降水(08:00—08:00,北京时)3个等级(降水量≥0.1 mm,降水量≥10 mm,降水量≥25 mm)的预报模型。通过对2006—2007年5—9月68个站试报结果表明:改进BP算法对降水预报的TS评分大大高于传统BP算法,也高于几种模式的降水预报结果,同时,改进算法使降水预报的平均空报率、漏报率明显降低。

基于人工神经网络的井灌水稻区地下水位预测

利用带动量项学习规则的改进 BP算法 ,对三江平原创业农场井灌水稻区逐月地下水埋深进行了模似仿真 ,将人工神经网络技术 (ANN)与广大井灌水稻区生产实际相结合 ,通过网络检验与预测 ,模型精度与预测精度均达到满意效果。该网络模型对于节约地下水开采量 ,恢复该地区的地下水动态平衡、制定农作物优化灌溉制度、发展节水灌溉。