SPS烧结温度对ACNs/Ti复合材料组织结构与力学性能的影响

通过放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备ACNs(无定形碳纳米颗粒)/Ti复合材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜以及电子万能试验机对不同烧结温度下ACNs/Ti复合材料的显微组织、相组成及力学性能进行表征。结果表明,较低烧结温度(800℃)下,未反应的ACNs虽然会对复合材料的强度有所贡献,但其与基体的界面结合较弱,会导致复合材料塑性严重下降。较高烧结温度(1000℃)下,与基体充分反应的TiC颗粒过度生长后尺寸较大,这一现象会造成材料强度下降。当烧结温度为900℃时,ACNs与Ti基体完全反应生成TiC颗粒,这种细小弥散的TiC沿着基体颗粒周围分布形成了准连续网状结构,此时ACNs/Ti复合材料具有最佳的强塑性匹配,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率分别为648.19 MPa、551.02 MPa、36.19%。

Ocular surface changes in moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris

AIM:To investigate ocular surface disorders and tear function changes in patients with acne vulgaris and explore the potential relationship between acne vulgaris and dry eye.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included right eyes of 53 patients with acne vulgaris and 54 healthy controls.The participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)questionnaire.The following ocular surface-related parameters were measured:tear meniscus height(TMH),noninvasive tear breakup time(NIBUT),Schirmer I test(SIT),lipid layer thickness(LLT)score of the tear film,meibum score,meibomian gland orifice obstruction score,the ratio of meibomian gland loss,conjunctival hyperemia score,and corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)score.RESULTS:The stability of the tear film decreased in acne vulgaris patients.In the acne group,the TMH and NIBUT were lower,whereas the OSDI,meibum score,meibomian gland orifice obstruction score,ratio of meibomian gland loss,and conjunctival hyperemia score were higher compared with controls(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the CFS score,SIT,or LLT score between the groups(P>0.05).In two dry eye groups,the TMH,NIBUT,and LLT score were lower in the acne with dry eye(acne-DE)group,and the meibum score,meibomian gland orifice obstruction score,ratio of meibomian gland loss and conjunctival hyperemia score in the acne-DE group were higher(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between OSDI,SIT,and CFS score(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris are more likely to experience dry eye than those without acne vulgaris.Reduced tear film stability and meibomian gland structure dysfunction are more pronounced in patients with moderate-to-severe acne and dry eye.

Re-evaluating the necessity of routine laboratory monitoring during isotretinoin therapy for acne

In this letter,we discuss the topic of necessity of routine laboratory monitoring during isotretinoin treatment for acne.According to Park and colleagues,it is advisable to monitor the levels of triglycerides,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase every 5 to 6 months.Additionally,the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein should be checked within the first two months of treatment.Isotretinoin is a commonly prescribed agent mainly used to treat acne.Despite its high effectiveness,it necessitates regular monitoring of laboratory parameters due to its side effect profile.Currently,there remains a lack of consensus on the appropriate frequency for monitoring these parameters during treatment with isotretinoin.This letter will provide insight into this complex and controversial topic.Based on existing literature,we concluded that the incidence of changes in lipid and liver aminotransferase levels during isotretinoin treatment for acne was low and likely clinically insignificant.For generally healthy people,we recommend testing lipid and liver profiles once at baseline and a second time at the peak dosage.However,frequent testing might still be beneficial in certain populations of patients.

基于等效ACN - PCN的机场重载车辆通行性能分析

近年来,机场改扩建工程日益增多,且大多涉及不停航施工,即施工期间有大量诸如挖掘机、推土机、载重卡车等重型工程车辆在飞行区通行。施工期间,重型车辆在现有机场道面不同区域的通行对道面板带来新的荷载负担。因缺乏成熟的机场重型车载道面评估计算方法,重型车辆轮载是否会造成现行道面结构承载性能下降已成为机场管理机构关注的重点问题。有鉴于此,基于民航现行飞机等级号ACN计算规则,以工程重载卡车为例,提出了基于ACN的概念式计算与ACN等效荷载精确计算两种评估重载车辆道面通行能力的评价方法;通过有限元仿真,基于道面板底最大弯拉应力小于容许应力的基本原则,对机场重载车辆通行道面板性能进行精确计算与分析,评估案例机场的重载车辆道面板性能。结果表明重载车辆的ACN概念式计算结果精度较低,与ACN等效荷载精确计算结果相差较大;经过有限元仿真精确计算后的案例机场等效ACN值小于机场通报的最小PCN值,表明该重载卡车满足通行条件;验证了ACN等效荷载道面性能评价方法的可靠性,为机场不停航施工运行安全及工程管理评估提供重要参考。

NMP法和ACN法在丁二烯抽提装置中的应用

介绍了国内某企业采用NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)法和ACN(乙腈)法建设的2套丁二烯抽提装置。通过对NMP法和ACN法丁二烯抽提装置的工艺流程特点、产品质量要求、溶剂萃取性能及装置经济效益及投资等方面进行总结,结合2套装置的实际运行数据,发现NMP法丁二烯抽提装置工艺流程更加合理紧凑,运行成本更低且NMP溶剂对环境更加友好。

Research on the Nursing Effect of Glycolipids on Acne Skin

Glycolipids are lipid compounds,which are a type of amphiphilic molecules containing glycosyl ligands.This experiment studied the efficacy of glycolipids on acne skin care from the aspects of antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,anti-allergic,oil-control,soothing and repair.Research results show that glycolipids have excellent antibacterial properties against P.acnes;when the dosage of glycolipids reaches 10μg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells can reach 20%;glycolipids can induce LPS induction RAW264.7 cells have the inhibitory effect on the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and NO;when the glycolipids concentration is 15 mg/mL,the inhibition rate of glycolipids on hyaluronidase reaches 45.8%;when the glycolipids concentration is 25μg/mL,the inhibition rate on calcium ion concentration reaches 45.3%;glycolipids have a significant promoting effect on wound healing.Furthermore,human efficacy evaluation shows that glycolipids products have comprehensive care effects on acne skin.This study will help further promote the application of glycolipids in cosmetic products,especially in skin care products for acne skin.

An Affordable and Easily Accessible Approach for Acrylonitrile Monomer Purification through a Simple Column Technique

This manuscript presents a dataset detailing a method for purifying monomers. Purification plays a crucial role in every chemical process, as it leads to an improvement in product quality through the removal of impurities. The primary method for monomer purification, like acrylonitrile (AN), is the distillation technique. However, this technique is unsafe and hard to set up or handle. A straightforward, risk-free, low-cost method like the column technique resolves these issues. A simple column technique demonstrated the successful execution of purifying AN. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed that AN was successfully purified, with purity reaching 99.8%. FTIR spectra revealed changes in the position and intensity of the stretching vibration peaks after purification. Also, the functional groups of the inhibitor monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MeHQ) were undetected after purification. Furthermore, after purification, NMR spectra revealed the absence of aromatic protons and carbons associated with MeHQ. In conclusion, the column technique is a successful and inexpensive way to purify AN monomers. This makes it useful for a wide range of applications, especially in polymerization reactions where MeHQ needs to be removed to prevent self-polymerization during the initiation process.

Electrospinning organic solvent resistant preoxidized poly(acrylonitrile)nanofiber membrane and its properties

A high performance preoxidized poly(acrylonitrile)(O-PAN)nanofiber membrane with excellent solvent resistance,thermal stability and flexibility was fabricated by the preoxidation of electrospun PAN nanofiber membrane.The performance of resultant O-PAN nanofiber membrane was optimized by altering the PAN concentration and preoxidation temperature.The results showed that the O-PAN nanofiber membrane which made from PAN concentration of 14%(mass)and preoxidation temperature of 250.0
℃ have a more optimal comprehensive performance.In the long-term separation test of SiO2 particle(1 μm)in DMAc suspension,the permeate flux of O-PAN nanofiber membrane stabilized at 227.91 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)(25
℃,0.05 MPa)while the SiO2 rejection above 99.6%,which showed excellent solvent resistance and separation performance.In order to further explore the application of the O-PAN nanofiber membrane,the OPAN nanofiber membrane was treated with fluoride and used in oil/water separation process.The O-PAN nanofiber membrane after hydrophobic treatment showed excellent hydrophobicity and good oil/water separation performance with the permeate flux about 969.59 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)while the separation efficiency above 96.1%.The O-PAN nanofiber membrane exhibited a potential application prospect in harsh environment separation.

Optimal laboratory testing protocol for patients with acne taking oral isotretinoin

BACKGROUND Isotretinoin is a widely prescribed drug for various dermatological conditions,especially acne.Blood tests are routinely performed to monitor its side effects.However,the optimal testing schedule remains controversial.AIM To evaluate the laboratory monitoring tests and schedules of patients with acne taking isotretinoin to determine the most efficient testing regimen.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records from the Dermatology Department of Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital from 2005 to 2020 for patients prescribed isotretinoin for acne who underwent monthly blood tests.RESULTS Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and trigly-ceride(TG)levels significantly changed between 5 and 6 mo when the total prescription period and dose variables were considered altogether.The high-density lipoprotein level also significantly changed between 5 and 6 mo.However,low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and total cholesterol levels significantly changed between 1 and 2 mo.CONCLUSION We recommend testing AST,ALT,and TG levels once every 5 to 6 mo.We also suggest testing LDL and total cholesterol levels during the first and second months.

Serum level changes of inflammatory cytokines in patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris treated with dual-wavelength laser

Background:Acne vulgaris(AV)is a common inflammatory skin disease.Although various mechanisms have been indicated in the etiopathogenesis of AV,the exact pathophysiology remains unknown.Various lasers have been used to treat AV;however,the serum level changes of inflammatory cytokines after laser therapy have not been elucidated.We aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory changes and remission on the opposite side in patients with moderate to severe AV after treating half of the face with 595-and 1064-nm dualwavelength laser.Methods:In total,18 patients(9 male and 9 female)between 16 and 35 years of age with moderate to severe AV were evaluated in the study.Disease severity was classified according to the Pillsbury grading system of acne.Patients were randomized to receive a series of two treatment sessions at intervals of 2 weeks and followed up at 2 weeks after the final treatment.A 3 mL blood sample was drawn from every subject each time,and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,and IL-22 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 2 weeks after each treatment.Improvement was determined by a blinded assessment of photographs taken before and after the final evaluation.Results:Inflammation was significantly reduced on both the treated and untreated sides,and symptoms of AV lesions were alleviated.All patients showed a significant increase in serum IL-22 levels after the first laser therapy,with no significant difference in serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels.After the second laser therapy,serum IL-6,IL-8,and IL-22 levels were significantly decreased.No significant side effects such as bruising,edema,hyperpigmentation,hypopigmentation,or scarring were reported.Conclusion:Half-face treatment with 595-and 1064-nm dual-wavelength laser for moderate and severe AV showed a significant effect of full-face remission,which was associated with a gradual decrease in IL-6,IL-8,and IL-22 levels after half-face topical treatment.This suggests that reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum can relieve inflammation in non-therapeutic sites.This laser treatment is effective,economical,and painless.

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ对P.acnes诱导的人角质形成细胞焦亡、增殖及凋亡的影响

目的分析过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptors,PPAR-γ)对痤疮丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium acnes(P.acnes)诱导的细胞焦亡、增殖及凋亡效应的影响,为痤疮的临床治疗提供新的理论依据。方法采用IHC方法检测痤疮患者皮损中PPAR-γ的表达。使用慢病毒转染,在HaCaT细胞中过表达PPAR-γ,1×107 CFU/mL P.acnes诱导细胞,通过Western blot验证PPAR-γ蛋白的表达;采用ELISA法检测细胞内焦亡相关炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18;EdU和流式细胞术检测细胞增殖和凋亡;Western blot检测细胞焦亡相关蛋白,如NOD样受体家族3(NLRP3)蛋白、活化的半胱天冬酶1(Caspase-1)、Gasdermin D(GSDMD)的表达水平。结果PPAR-γ在痤疮组织中表达明显降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,P.acnes处理后,细胞焦亡相关炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18增加(P<0.01);细胞焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、Caspase-1和GSDMD的表达水平增加(P<0.05)。过表达PPAR-γ后,在P.acnes诱导下,过表达组与对照组比IL-1β和IL-18明显降低,细胞增殖能力增加,凋亡水平明显下降,细胞焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、Caspase-1和GSDMD的表达减少,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PPAR-γ可有效调节P.acnes诱导的细胞焦亡并对人角质形成细胞增殖、凋亡进行调控。

A Case Report of Concurrent Acne-Related Occurrence Complications: Telangiectasia, Post-Inflammatory Erythema, Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation, and Atrophic and Hypertrophic Scars

Prior to his initial diagnosis, a 21-year-old male had been experiencing facial acne for two years and had been treated by a doctor in private practice. The patient visited our department because the clinical manifestations of mandibular acne did not improve. At the time of initial examination, telangiectasia (TE), post-inflammatory erythema (PIE), post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), atrophic scars (ASs), and a hypertrophic scar (HS) with induration were observed on the right neck. We diagnosed this as an acne vulgaris complication. HS lesions were topically treated by injecting triamcinolone acetonide, and the patient was prescribed 8.1 g/day of oral Saireito (Japanese herb). Adapalene benzoyl peroxide gel and topical tacrolimus hydrate ointment were used to treat PIE and TE. Both HSs and PIE improved;however, TE and AS did not improve. Currently, the patient is under observation. We consider this to be a very rare concurrent occurrence of diverse complications of acne vulgaris, and present the following case study.

Effective Skin Care Guidance for Patients with Acne Vulgaris after Standard Treatment

With the introduction of new drugs, the treatment of acne vulgaris has improved dramatically;however, there remains a considerable gap between treatment outcomes and patients’ treatment goals. This study aimed to determine whether dermatologists’ guidance on appropriate skincare for skin symptoms such as post-inflammatory erythema and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which are not covered by acne treatment, leads to an improvement in patients’ skin condition and patient satisfaction. Japanese women who had completed standard treatment for acne vulgaris and those with mild symptoms not requiring treatment were included in the study. The participants received instructions about skin care at the beginning of the study, which they continued to apply for 6 weeks. At the start and end of the study, participants were examined by a dermatologist;afterward, skin measurements, including skin color, skin surface lipid content, and image analysis by VISIA® Evolution, analysis of stratum corneum obtained from the skin surface, and Skindex-16 questionnaire for assessing quality of life (QOL), were performed. The following showed significant improvements: PIH score, number of inflammatory acne lesions, and number of non-inflammatory acne lesions observed via skin examination;skin surface lipid content and values of L* and a* obtained via instrumental measurement;n number of pore, texture, red spot, and pigmented spot obtained via by image analysis;and degree of multilayer exfoliation and interleukin-1α determined by analysis of epidermal stratum corneum. QOL measurement using Skindex-16 also improved significantly. Appropriate skin care guidance following standard acne vulgaris treatment is helpful in achieving patients’ treatment goals. .

负载花色苷的抗酸性羧甲基壳聚糖凝胶微球的缓释研究

为拓宽壳聚糖基水凝胶的应用范围,构筑可食用的花色苷(ACNs)递送体系,采用反相乳液法,以玉米油为连续相,水杨醛(SA)为交联剂,制备了具有抗酸性能的载ACNs羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)凝胶微球(ACNs/CMCS-SA),表征了其结构和形貌,研究了其稳定性、溶胀性能和缓释性能。结果表明,ACNs/CMCSSA具有微米级粒径,表面光滑呈圆形;ACNs/CMCS-SA在酸性条件下稳定性良好,溶胀和缓释过程展现pH响应性;ACNs的释放行为符合Weibull模型,pH7和9时为扩散和骨架溶蚀复合释放机制控制,pH3和5时为菲克扩散和Case Ⅱ transport(0级-溶胀依赖性释放)联合释放机制控制。ACNs/CMCS-SA制备方法简单,过程绿色;对ACNs展现良好的胃酸保护和肠道释放性能,为环境友好型药物包封材料的开发和ACNs的应用提供了理论和实践参考。

A study on the mechanism of acupuncture treatment of acne based on immune inflammation

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving hair follicle sebaceous glands,which is characterized by acne,papules,pustules,nodules,cysts and so on.The disorder of immune inflammation is the key link.A variety of factors participate in the immune inflammatory response of acne and interact with each other,leading to the occurrence and development of acne inflammation.Acupuncture can regulate the immune and inflammatory response through many links and improve the skin lesions.This study explains potential mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of acne by regulating the body's immune inflammatory response,in order to provide new ideas.

机械磨削联合湿润烧伤膏治疗面部痤疮瘢痕疗效分析

目的分析机械磨削联合湿润烧伤膏在面部痤疮瘢痕中的治疗效果。方法给予2019年5月至2021年5月滨州医学院附属医院收治的22例面部痤疮瘢痕患者于机械磨削术后行湿润烧伤膏治疗,观察治疗效果。结果22例面部痤疮瘢痕患者术后创面愈合时间为5~8 d[(6.27±1.08)d]。术后6个月,22例患者Goodman&Baron痤疮瘢痕评分为7~21分[(14.32±4.82)分],较术前的13~30分[(20.91±5.13)分]降低2~12分[(6.59±2.42)分],差异具有统计学意义(t=4.391,P<0.001)。术后6个月,22例患者中2例患者术区有不同程度色素沉着,其余患者无不良反应发生;对治疗效果非常满意8例、满意10例、不满意3例、非常不满意1例,满意度为81.82%。结论湿润烧伤膏可有效促进机械磨削术后创面愈合,明显改善面部痤疮瘢痕症状,且安全有效,患者满意度较高,值得临床推广应用。

Trillium拟加快Bio-ACNTM工艺商业化进程

近日,美国Trillium可再生化学品公司获得美国能源部(DOE)250万美元的资助,以加快公司Bio-ACNTM工艺商业化进程。公司计划2023年建设示范装置,2025年建设商业规模装置。

抗菌抗静电SAN材料的制备及应用

以苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)、无机抗菌剂、抗静电剂、相容剂、润滑剂和玻璃纤维为原料,使用双螺杆挤出机通过熔融共混法制备了兼具抗菌和抗静电功能的SAN材料,拓宽了其应用功能。研究了抗菌剂种类、抗静电剂种类、相容剂用量及润滑剂用量对材料性能的影响。结果表明,相比银离子抗菌剂和银锌复合离子抗菌剂,锌离子抗菌剂对SAN材料具有更好的广谱抗菌效果;3种聚氧乙烯类高分子抗静电剂中,使用6500为抗静电剂时,SAN材料的表面电阻率最低,力学性能最好;当加入质量分数5.0%相容剂苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)时,材料的综合性能最好;当加入质量分数0.5%的润滑剂双极性乙撑双脂肪酸酰胺(TAF)时,材料的综合性能最好。当锌离子抗菌剂Z30用量0.5%、抗静电剂6500用量10.0%、相容剂SMA用量5.0%、润滑剂TAF用量0.5%时,材料抗菌率达到99.9%,防霉0级,抗白色念珠菌性能优异,表面电阻率1.8×10^(10)Ω,拉伸强度达到96.3 MPa,弯曲强度达到127.5 MPa,弯曲模量达到7253.4 MPa,缺口冲击强度达到6.8 kJ/m^(2);该功能材料已在空调贯流风扇叶上得到应用。

中医中药治疗痤疮的研究进展

中医中药治疗痤疮疾患已有两千多年历史,具有标本兼治、内外调理、不良反应小、依赖性小等特点。本文通过查阅文献报道,对中医中药在痤疮疾病中运用的历史沿革、现代临床研究、上市产品分析等内容进行综述,追踪其历史溯源,总结其运用现状,探究中医中药治疗痤疮的优秀方法,探讨其发展方向。发现中医中药在痤疮疾病中应用广泛,治疗方法众多,有内服疗法、外用治法及特殊疗法等,有着显著疗效;但由于个体差异的存在,治疗应当根据患者的身体状况,选择合适的治疗方法。该文旨在系统阐释医家的痤疮治疗经验,为今后临床中医治疗痤疮提供参考方案。

张德英从痰论治痤疮验案举隅

[目的]总结张德英教授从痰证角度治疗痤疮的特色及经验。[方法]通过跟随张教授门诊临证学习,整理张教授治疗痤疮的病案,选取三则典型验案,结合中医经典理论,分析、总结张教授对痰证理论的独到见解及临床经验。[结果]张教授从当今人们的体质状况及痤疮发病特点出发,指出痤疮的病因病机为痰热或痰火上犯头面胸等处,局部肉腐而发病。根据痰浊生于中焦脾胃,为土家实邪,在治疗上可以通过泻土降浊、繁木制土、化土生金的方法达到化痰的目的,再加以清热药物,从而清化上焦痰热之邪,使痤疮得以治愈。同时需注意到五行相互关系,痰浊太盛则易克伐肾水而致肾虚,在治疗上祛痰降浊为先,痰浊去除后再补益肾水方可有效,甚或有些患者不需补肾,而肾自慢慢恢复。[结论]张教授对痰证理论认识独特,指出痤疮病机多为痰火或痰热郁于肌表,肉腐而成。治疗当以清化痰热为主。痰为土家之邪,化痰之法除泻土之外,根据五行理论,还有繁木制土、生金消土之法,其临床疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。