Mutual impact of true triaxial stress, borehole orientation and bedding inclination on laboratory hydraulic fracturing of Lushan shale

Unconventional resources like shale gas has been the focus of intense research and development for two decades. Apart from intrinsic geologic factors that control the gas shale productivity (e.g. organic matter content, bedding planes, natural fractures, porosity and stress regime among others), external factors like wellbore orientation and stimulation design play a role. In this study, we present a series of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments conducted on Lushan shale to investigate the interplay of internal factors (bedding, natural fractures and in situ stress) and external factors (wellbore orientation) on the growth process of fracture networks in cubic specimens of 200 mm in length. We observe relatively low breakdown pressure and fracture propagation pressure as the wellbore orientation and/or the maximum in situ stress is subparallel to the shale bedding plane. The wellbore orientation has a more prominent effect on the breakdown pressure, but its effect is tapered with increasing angle of bedding inclination. The shale breakdown is followed by an abrupt response in sample displacement, which reflects the stimulated fracture volume. Based on fluid tracer analysis, the morphology of hydraulic fractures (HF) is divided into four categories. Among the categories, activation of bedding planes (bedding failure, BF) and natural fractures (NF) significantly increase bifurcation and fractured areas. Under the same stress regime, a horizontal wellbore is more favorable to enhance the complexity of hydraulic fracture networks. This is attributed to the relatively large surface area in contact with the bedding plane for the horizontal borehole compared to the case with a vertical wellbore. These findings provide important references for hydraulic fracturing design in shale reservoirs.

A Comparative Study of the Value Orientations of Foreign Language Education Policies in China and the United States in the 21st Century

Since the 21 st century, both Chinese Mainland and the United States have formulated foreign language education policiesbased on their national needs. This paper makes a comparative study of the value orientations of foreign language education poli-cies in Chinese Mainland and the United States in the 21 st century and finds that both China and the United States have regardedtheir national interests as the essential value orientation of their foreign language education policies. To be specific,the core valueorientation of foreign language education policies in China is to enhance its cultural soft power.In contrast,the core value orienta-tion of foreign language education policies in the United States is to safeguard its national security. Through the comparison of thedifferent value orientations of foreign language education policies of the two countries, the paper provides some reference for the for-eign language education policy-making in Chinese Mainland.

Using action research to evaluate a nursing orientation program in a multicultural acute healthcare setting

Objectives:Competence motivates newly employed nurses to provide high-quality care,which leads to appropriate patient care and satisfaction.A nursing orientation program can have a positive impact on new nurses who are joining healthcare organizations.The research examined the orientation program for new nurses in a multicultural setting to redesign the program.Methods:The study was carried out in a multicultural tertiary setting.Action research was used as a research strategy with qualitative content analysis and quantitative evaluation.Seventy nurses were part of the orientation program.The competence of the nurses was assessed using the Nurse Competence Scale.Focus-group discussions were also conducted to find the views of the beneficiaries about the program.Results:The study revealed that the overall competence was high,and there was an overall gain in the competence score(5.48%)among the nurses.Among their competence in different dimensions,new nurses had a maximum gain in competence for the dimension of ensuring quality.However,they showed low competence gain in teaching coaching.The results show that the difference in the overall pre-and post-test scores was statistically significant(P<0.05)in all dimensions except teaching coaching and managing situations,and the program was effective.However,a few challenges were identified in the program.Conclusions:New nurses were found to be competent,and the orientation program had a significant impact on the competence of the nurses.The findings emphasized the need for modification of some content and strategy for future programs.The strategies developed from the findings were presented.This helps hospitals to consider examining specific aspects of the orientation program and redesigning it so it can enrich the experiences of new nurses.

Electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film

ITIC is the milestone of non-fullerene small molecule acceptors used in organic solar cells. We study the electronic states and molecular orientation of ITIC film using photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The negative integer charge transfer energy level is determined to be 4.00 ± 0.05 eV below the vacuum level, and the ionization potential is 5,75 ±0.10 eV. The molecules predominantly have the face-on orientation on inert substrates as long as the surfaces of the substrates are not too rough. These results provide the physical understanding of the high performance of ITIC-based solar ceils, which also afford implications to design more advanced photovoltaic small molecules.

Quantization of Action for Elementary Particles and the Principle of Least Action

The uncertainty principle is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics, but its exact mathematical expression cannot obtain correct results when used to solve theoretical problems such as the energy levels of hydrogen atoms, one-dimensional deep potential wells, one-dimensional harmonic oscillators, and double-slit experiments. Even after approximate treatment, the results obtained are not completely consistent with those obtained by solving Schrödinger’s equation. This indicates that further research on the uncertainty principle is necessary. Therefore, using the de Broglie matter wave hypothesis, we quantize the action of an elementary particle in natural coordinates and obtain the quantization condition and a new deterministic relation. Using this quantization condition, we obtain the energy level formulas of an elementary particle in different conditions in a classical way that is completely consistent with the results obtained by solving Schrödinger’s equation. A new physical interpretation is given for the particle eigenfunction independence of probability for an elementary particle: an elementary particle is in a particle state at the space-time point where the action is quantized, and in a wave state in the rest of the space-time region. The space-time points of particle nature and the wave regions of particle motion constitute the continuous trajectory of particle motion. When an elementary particle is in a particle state, it is localized, whereas in the wave state region, it is nonlocalized.

Highly Ordered Lattice Orientation of ZnO Nanoparticles Formed in Confined Space

Oriented aggregation of nanoparticles has been accomplished by means of solid state reac- tion. Non-crystallized and crystallized ZnO nanoparticles/clusters could be accommodated in the lamellar spacing of inorganic-organic composite, which were prepared by thermolysis of layered solid zinc-oleate complex at 260 and 300 ℃ in air, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction patterns indicate that aggregates are single crystals with various defects. The photoluminescence excitation spectra of both samples show two bands at 272 and 366 nm. The former may originate from electron transfer from valence band to conduction band in ZnO clusters composed of less than 200 ZnO molecules （2R〈2 nm）.

Correspondence Between GHZ States and Oriented Links in Knot Theory

This article generalizes our previous results for a quantum system of two nodes to a quantum system ofm(m ≥ 2) nodes. It shows that there is a one to one correspondence between 2m GHZ states for a quantum system ofm(m ≥ 2) nodes and 2m oriented links of the linkage N1 in knot theory, where N = 4 C2m = 2m(m - 1) is the numberof crossings of the link with m components, the subscript 1 denotes the order of the unoriented m components link withN crossings, i.e. the first type, actually the simplest type.

Peasant Household Oriented Land Circulation from the Perspective of State Governance

Based on the state governance background of peasant household oriented land circulation,I analyzed characteristics of peasant household oriented land circulation.The characteristics mainly include uncertain definition of rural land circulation,significant off-media feature of land circulation,long-term land circulation contract,farmers' preference of peasant household oriented land circulation,and progressive path of land circulation.The essential feature is the progressive mode of land circulation.Under the existing property right,it realizes the perfect combination of modern production factors and traditional agricultural,and the combination of traditional family safeguarding function and modern social mutual growth spirit.Thus,it shows relative independence and manifests the idea of common prosperity.The opportunity cost of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal,institutional cost will increase circulation risk,and what's more,the cost for state governance of peasant household oriented land circulation is minimal.It comes to conclusion that building proper and harmonious land circulation mechanism is responsibility of central government and favorable for healthy development of peasant household oriented land circulation.

THE SURFACE STATE OF MACROPHAGE MEMBRANE UNDER THE ACTION OF Ca^(2+) AND Con A.

The effects of Ca2+ and Con A on the membrane surface of macrophage were studied by STM. Higher peaks correspond to the membrane proteins which were aggregated. Some band-like and lower furrows were expressed in the domain of membrane lipids.

Power Control Based on State Space Strategies for Grid⁃Oriented Inverters with LCL Filters

Through a third⁃order mathematical model of grid⁃oriented LCL⁃type converters,this paper analyzes the complicated dynamic characteristics and resonance problems which may influence the system stability.To realize active damping for LCL filters and improve dynamic performance of current regulators,a state space current PI controller is proposed whose parameters can be tuned based on the polynomial equations approach.An extended state observer is integrated with the regulation scheme,where additional sensors are not necessary in contrast with conventional active damping strategies.Synchronous reference frame PLL(SRF⁃PLL)equipped with filter technology is proposed for grid voltage disturbance suppression.This method is then applied to establish a double⁃closed⁃loop power regulator that demonstrates improved performance compared with other controllers.The simulation results are displayed to illustrate the efficiency of the regulation methods.

Understanding the Underlying Mechanisms of Action for Successful Implementation of Social Prescribing

There is growing evidence for the use of social prescribing as a means of facilitating healthy lifestyle behavior changes by linking patients to sources of support in the community. However, there are gaps in understanding about what works to facilitate and enable this behavior change i.e. , the mechanisms of actions underpinning social prescribing delivery. This study used a qualitative approach involving interviews with 18 Social Prescription Link Workers (SPLWs). Reflective thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Through this, an overall theme of “Theoretical underpinning: Solution-focused and strengths-based” was identified. This was made up of sub-themes relating to mechanisms underpinning: the SPLWs’ role (comprising asking questions, motivational interviewing and the therapeutic alliance);the patients’ role, (empowerment and active engagement);and the approach adopted (solution building, goal and action orientated). To formalize this, a framework could be developed for SPLWs that encapsulates the solution-focused strengths-based approach for application within social prescribing. This framework can then be embedded into practice facilitating more successful healthy lifestyle behavior change for social prescribing patients.

Goal-oriented error estimation applied to direct solution of steady-state analysis with frequency-domain finite element method

Based on the concept of the constitutive relation error along with the residuals of both the origin and the dual problems, a goal-oriented error estimation method with extended degrees of freedom is developed. It leads to the high quality locM error bounds in the problem of the direct-solution steady-state dynamic analysis with a frequency-domain finite element, which involves the enrichments with plural variable basis functions. The solution of the steady-state dynamic procedure calculates the harmonic response directly in terms of the physical degrees of freedom in the model, which uses the mass, damping, and stiffness matrices of the system. A three-dimensional finite element example is carried out to illustrate the computational procedures.

Dynamic Spatial Evolution of Market-oriented Supply Level of State-owned Land

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial autocorrelation analysis is employed. The results indicate that the spatial layout of the land supply marketing level is generally dispersed,but it does assemble in some specific area. The correlation between the marketing level of state-owned land supply and the economic development is not statistically significant. But their relations fluctuate obviously. The overall marketing level of state-owned land supply is increasing and spatially concentrated. The expansion rate of marketing has decreased first and then increased and stabilized now. The high-value cluster center of marketing level of state-owned land supply exists all over the country; however the existence probability of the cluster is bigger in undeveloped areas. It is concluded that spatial autocorrelation analysis is a good method to quantitatively analyze the spatial variation of marketing level of state-owned land supply in China. To grasp the spatial and temporal variations of the marketing level of state-owned land supply is also good to enhance running of the state-owned land market.

Action Plan to Promote All-Round Progress in China's Human Rights Cause——An Interview with Wang Chen,director of the State Council Information Office

EDITOR＇S NOTE： The National Human Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010） has won favorable comments in China and abroad since its publication by the Information Office of the State Council on April 13, 2009. Here is a transcript of an interview given to our reporters by Wang Chen, director of the Office, on the Action Plan, which we hope will help our readers gain a better understanding of China＇s human rights cause and its development.

“行为本位”与口语语法研究

行为是举动与活动的连接点,行为实施是口语交际的基本目的。鉴于行为在口语互动中的基础性作用,口语语法研究宜秉持“行为本位”观,将行为作为语言功能描写的观测点。基于该研究理念,本文构建了一个行为体系,将其分为评价、传情、际构、问答、求予、协商、讲述、推理等八大基本类型,并进行二级、三级、四级分类。在“行为本位”观下开展口语语法研究可重点关注三种范式:行为的资源形式与位置分布、行为的类型归属与解构分析、行为的包装设计与动态征用。

高等教育国际话语权的世界格局与中国行动方略

中国高等教育国际话语权既表征着国际社会对中国高等教育质量与水平的认可程度,也反映着中国式高等教育现代化的国际影响力。构建与提升中国高等教育国际话语权,既是争取中国国际话语权的战略之源,也是为世界高等教育多样化发展贡献中国方案的必然之举,还是加快建设世界重要人才中心和创新高地的基础支撑。然而,当前中国尚未掌握作为世界高等教育第一大国与自身综合国力和国际地位相匹配的高等教育国际话语权。相对于传统高等教育发达国家而言,中国高等教育国际话语权依然处于弱势地位。中国高等教育国际话语权的构建与提升是一个复杂而艰难的过程,需要坚持实事求是的基本原则,坚持夯实国内根基、布局发展中国家和着眼发达国家“三位一体”协同推进,加快构建中国特色高等教育话语体系,保持坚定的战略定力。

基于行动导向教学模式的高职《财务管理》教学方法探究

科技革命和数字经济对教育提出了新的要求,教学不但要秉承传统教育的知识传授,更需关注学生独立思考能力和创造能力的培养,养成使学生能够自主同时有能力开展智力活动的习惯。传统以教师为主导的教学模式更多关注学生知识的接收与掌握,忽略了发现和探索学习的重要性。基于行动导向的教学模式关注批判理解,强调学生学习内容与探究式学习方法的关联性,从而把握事物的实质,深入理解核心概念和原理,提升自我学习、自我探究的学习能力。

国企改革三年行动收官后国企改革重点方向思路研究

国企是推进中国式现代化的核心主体,是实现中华民族伟大复兴和有效应对世界百年未有之大变局的重要力量。文章重点描述国企改革三年行动取得的主要成绩,通过三年行动破除了一批体制机制障碍,有效解决了一批长期没有解决的难题,在许多重要领域和关键环节实现重塑、重构;同时,阐述了当前国企改革存在的问题,在支撑企业核心竞争力提高和核心功能增强方面还有不足,在支撑中国式现代化建设中还存在诸多体制机制障碍;最后,提出了未来进一步推进国企改革的主要思路。研究得出,要继续通过实施更具战略性、系统性、突破性、实质性的国企改革提升行动,建设中国特色现代新国企,充分发挥在建设现代化产业体系、构建新发展格局中的科技创新、产业控制、安全支撑、国计民生、公共服务功能与作用。

潜在空间中的策略搜索强化学习方法

策略搜索是深度强化学习领域中一种能够解决大规模连续状态空间和动作空间问题的高效学习方法,被广泛应用在现实问题中。然而,此类方法通常需要花费大量的学习样本和训练时间,且泛化能力较差,学到的策略模型难以泛化至环境中看似微小的变化。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于潜在空间的策略搜索强化学习方法。将学习状态表示的思想拓展到动作表示上,即在动作表示的潜在空间中学习策略,再将动作表示映射到真实动作空间中。通过表示学习模型的引入,摒弃端到端的训练方式,将整个强化学习任务划分成大规模的表示模型部分和小规模的策略模型部分,使用无监督的学习方法来学习表示模型,使用策略搜索强化学习方法学习小规模的策略模型。大规模的表示模型能保留应有的泛化性和表达能力,小规模的策略模型有助于减轻策略学习的负担,从而在一定程度上缓解深度强化学习领域中样本利用率低、学习效率低和动作选择泛化性弱的问题。最后,在智能控制任务CarRacing和Cheetah中验证了引入潜在空间中的状态表示和动作表示的有效性。

高职院校网络营销人才培养成果导向系统构建、实施要点与评量方法

基于当前我国信息化建设背景,应用成果导向与行动学习教育理念,针对高职院校市场营销专业教育领域网络营销人才培养的实际情况,进行网络营销人才培养成果系统构建,提出人才培养的实施要点,通过开发网络营销人才培养大纲、教学设计和评量标准,提出并构建了人才培养的评量方法,体现了以社会适应性为核心的教育教学质量观和人才观。