Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde over Activated Charcoal Supported Pt/Fe3O4 Catalyst

A variety of spherical and structured activated charcoal supported Pt/Fe3O4 composites with an average particle size of ~100 nm have been synthesized by a self-assembly method using the difference of reduction potential between Pt （Ⅳ） and Fe （Ⅱ） precursors as driving force. The formed Fe3O4 nanoparticles （NPs） effectively prevent the aggregation of Pt nanocrystallites and promote the dispersion of Pt NPs on the surface of catalyst, which will be favorable for the exposure of Pt active sites for high-efficient adsorption and contact of substrate and hydrogen donor. The electron-enrichment state of Pt NPs donated by Fe304 nanocrystallites is corroborated by XPS measurement, which is responsible for promoting and activating the terminal C=O bond of adsorbed substrate via a vertical configuration. The experimental results show that the activated charcoal supported Pt/Fe3O4 catalyst exhibits 94.8% selectivity towards cinnamyl alcohol by the transfer hydrogenation of einnamaldehyde with Pt loading of 2.46% under the optimum conditions of 120 ℃ for 6 h, and 2-propanol as a hydrogen donor. Additionally, the present study demonstrates that a high-efficient and recyclable catalyst can be rapidly separated from the mixture due to its natural magnetism upon the application of magnetic field.

Active injection protection scheme for flexible HVDC grids based on amplitude of input impedance

High-voltage direct current(HVDC)grids require fast and reliable protection of the DC lines.The performance of traditional protection schemes is easily impaired by the limitations of the boundary condition and nonlinearity from the control of converters.One of the key technologies for flexible HVDC grids is the half-bridge modular multilevel converter(HB-MMC).Considering the high controllability of HB-MMC,this study proposes an active injection protection scheme to improve the reliability and sensitivity of the HVDC grid protection.The HB-MMC is used to inject a sinusoidal characteristic signal,at the specified frequency,into the DC lines.Then,the voltage and current at the specified frequency are extracted using the Prony algorithm to calculate the input impedance,which is used for the identification of internal and external faults.The active injection protection scheme was simulated for various cases in the simulation software Power Systems Computer Aided Design.The simulation results indicate that the proposed protection scheme is highly reliable and can overcome transition resistance.

Adsorption characteristics of chitooligosaccharides onto activated charcoal in aqueous solutions

To investigate the adsorption characteristics of chitooligosaccharides in solution onto activated charcoal,we studied the optimal adsorption conditions and the adsorption mechanisms of the chitooligosaccharides onto activated charcoal,which will greatly promote the application of activated charcoal in the chitooligosaccharides separation and purification.We studied the effects of particle size of activated charcoal,pH of solution,contact time,temperature,and initial concentration of chitooligosaccharides on the adsorption behavior in batch mode experiments.Activated charcoal in fine particle size showed a high uptake of chitooligosaccharides.Weak alkaline solution(pH 8–9)was the most favorable to the adsorption.The adsorption equilibrium after 60 min was established,which followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The adsorption capacity(Q_(max))reached 0.195 g/g(chitooligosaccharides/activated charcoal)at 298 K.The adsorption was temperature-insensitive,and the adsorption isotherms could be best described by the Langmuir equation.Chitooligosaccharides adsorbed on activated charcoal could be desorbed in 50%ethanol solution in combination with an acidic condition(pH 2),reaching desorption efficiency of 96.0%.These findings are of great significance for the production and purification of amino oligosaccharides including chitooligosaccharides using activated charcoal.

Adsorption of ruthenium ions on activated charcoal: influence of temperature on the kinetics of the adsorption process

Influence of temperature on ruthenium adsorption on activated charcoal from 3 mol/L HNO3 solutions was inves- tigated in the temperature range of 288 K to 308 K. It was observed that the rise in temperature increases the adsorption of ru- thenium ions on activated charcoal and follows the kinetics of first order rate law with rate constant values 0.0564?0.0640 min?1 in the temperature range of 288 K to 308 K respectively. The activation energy for the adsorption process was found to be 1.3806 kJ/mol. Various thermodynamics quantities namely ?H, ?S and ?G were computed from the equilibrium constant KC values. The results indicated a positive heat of adsorption, a positive ?S and a negative ?G.

Effects of adjuvant danhong injection therapy on nerve injury and platelet activation markers in patients with acute cerebral infarction

Objective:To investigate the effects of adjuvant danhong injection therapy on nerve injury and platelet activation markers in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods: A total of 102 patients with acute cerebral infarction who were treated in our hospital between January 2016 and September 2017 were reviewed and divided into the routine group (n=54) who received conventional therapy and the danhong injection group who received adjuvant danhong injection therapy. The differences in the contents of nerve injury indexes in serum and platelet activation markers in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups before treatment, after 3 d of treatment and after 7 d of treatment.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the contents of nerve injury indexes in serum and platelet activation markers in peripheral blood between the two groups before treatment. After 3 d of treatment and after 7 d of treatment, copeptin, H-FABP and NSE contents in serum of danhong injection group were lower than those of routine group whereas BDNF and bFGF contents were higher than those of routine group;CD62p, CD42b, PAC-1 and PMA contents in peripheral blood were lower than those of routine group.Conclusion: Conventional therapy combined with adjuvant danhong injection therapy can effectively reduce the degree of nerve injury and inhibit the platelet activation in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Charcoal Nanoparticles as a Delivery System for Doxorubicin and Sorafenib in Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Advanced HCC displays strong resistance to chemotherapy, and traditional chemotherapy drugs do not achieve satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. The delivery of therapeutic compounds to the target site is a major challenge in the treatment of many diseases. Objective: This study aims to evaluate activated charcoal nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for anticancer agents (Sorafenib and Doxorubicin) in Hepatocellular Cancer Stem Cells. Method: The percent efficiency of entrapment (% EE) of the doxorubicin and sorafenib entrapped onto the activated charcoal was obtained by determining the free doxorubicin and sorafenib concentration in the supernatant-prepared solutions. Then the characterizations of nanoparticles were formed by determination of the particle size distribution, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI). The anticancer activity of activated Charcoal, Doxorubicin-ACNP, sorafenib-ACNP, free doxorubicin, and free sorafenib solutions was measured based on cell viability percentage in HepG2 cell lines (ATCC-CCL 75). In vitro RBC’s toxicity of Doxorubicin/sorafenib loaded charcoal was estimated by hemolysis percentage. Results: The synthesized Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP were evaluated and their physiochemical properties were also examined. Essentially, the percent Efficiency of Entrapment (EE %) was found to be 87.5% and 82.66% for Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP, respectively. The loading capacity was 34.78% and 24.31% for Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP. Using the Dynamic Light scattering [DLS] for the determination of the hydrodynamic size and surface zeta potential, a narrow sample size distribution was obtained of (18, 68, and 190 nm for charcoal, 105, 255, and 712 nm for doxorubicin, and 91, 295, and 955 nm for sorafenib), respectively. A surface charge of −13.2, −15.6 and −17 was obtained for charcoal, doxorubicin/charcoal, and sorafenib/charcoal nanoparticles. The cytotoxic activity of Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP was evaluated in-vitro against HepG2 cell lines and it was observed that Drug loaded ACNP improved anticancer activity when compared to Doxorubicin or Sorafenib alone. Moreover, testing the toxicity potential of DOX-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP showed a significant reduction in the hemolysis of red blood cells when compared to Doxorubicin and Sorafenib alone. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is notable to state that this study is regarded as the first to investigate the use of Activated charcoal for the loading of Doxorubicin and Sorafenib for further use in the arena of hepatocellular carcinoma. Doxorubicin-ACNP and Sorafenib-ACNP showed noteworthy anticancer activity along with a reduced potential of RBCs hemolysis rendering it as an efficacious carrier with a low toxicity potential.

Sawtooth Activities During Impurity Injection by Laser Blow-off in HL-2A

In order to study impurity transport and their progression in the plasma, small amount of high-Z impurities were injected into HL-2A ohmic heated plasmas by laser blow-off and traced with good spatial temporal resolution by a soft X-ray camera. An analysis of the evolution of the impurities＇ radiation distribution in the plasma revealed that impurity transport in the central region was profoundly different from that outside of it. It was found that the sawteeth tended to be inverted on the central soft X-ray chord signals after the impurity injection and the soft X- ray profiles exhibited discontinuities during the movement of the impurities in the plasma central region. Detailed 2D visualization of the evolution of impurities＇ radiation using computer tomography has provided further understanding of the properties of impurity transport in the HL-2A plasma.

Enhanced dehydrogenation kinetic properties and hydrogen storage reversibility of LiBH_4 confined in activated charcoal

LiBH4 was confined into activated charcoal（AC） by melt infiltration method（MI）, and its effects on the hydrogen sorption properties were investigated. The N2 adsorption results reveal that melt infiltration method can effectively incorporated LiBH4 into AC. It can maintain the structural integrity of the scaffold and ensure the confinement effect. The nano-confined LiBH4/AC starts to release hydrogen at around 190 °C, which is 160 °C lower than that of pure LiBH4, and reaches a hydrogen desorption capacity of 13.6% at 400 °C. When rehydrogenated under the condition of 6 MPa H2 and 350 °C, it has a reversible hydrogen storage capacity of 6%, while pure LiBH4 shows almost no reversible hydrogen storage capacity under the same condition. Mass spectrometry analysis（MS） results suggest that no diborane or other impurity gases are released in the decomposition process. The apparent activation energy of dehydrogenation of LiBH4 after confinement into AC decreases from 156.0 to 121.1 k J/mol, which leads to the eminent enhancement of dehydrogenation kinetics of LiBH4.

A method to experimentally investigate injection-induced activation of fractures

Natural fractures are generally well developed in most hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs,which can produce complex fracture networks due to the activation of fractures during hydraulic stimulation.The present paper is devoted to developing a method to investigate the activation characteristics of fracture under injection-shearing coupled condition at laboratory scale.The fluid is injected into the single-fractured granite until the fracture is activated based on the triaxial direct shear tests.The results show that injection process can significantly influence the shear stress distribution field,resulting in release of shear stress and relative slip between the opposite sides of the fractured surface.The injectioninduced activation of fracture is strongly dependent on the stress states.When the normal stress increases,the injection-induced activation pressure increases,and the comparatively high normal stress can restrain the fracture activation.The fracture deformation mechanisms during fluid injection are also discussed preliminarily with the experimental data.The sensitivity of shear stress to fluid injection increases with increase of shear stress level,while it decreases under high normal stress.The results can facilitate our understanding of the natural fracture activation behavior during fluid pressure stimulation.

DC Motor Speed Regulator via Active Damping Injection and Angular Acceleration Estimation Techniques

This paper suggests a novel model-based nonlinear DC motor speed regulator without the use of a current sensor.The current dynamics,machine parameters and mismatched load variations are considered.The proposed controller is designed to include an active damping term that regulates the motor speed in accordance with the first-order low-pass filter dynamics through the pole-zero cancellation.Meanwhile,the angular acceleration and its reference are obtained from simple first-order estimators using only the speed information.The effectiveness is experimentally verified using hardware comprising the QUBEServo2,myRIO-1900,and LabVIEW.

Preparation and activity research of ecological nano mineral admixture from rice husk charcoal

The rice husk ash （ RHA） and silica （ Si02） nanoparticles are prepared from rice husk charcoal （RHC） by the methods of ventilated calcining and chemical precipitation, respectively, to remove the residual carbon which is harmful to cement composites. The structures and morphologies of these products are investigated by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning/ transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption- desorption analyzer. The results show that the as-produced RHA and Si02 nanoparticles exist in amorphous phase without residual carbon, and exhibit porous structures with specific surface areas of 170.19 and 248. 67 m2 /g , respectively. The micro particles of RHA are aggregated by numerous loosely packed Si02 gel particles with the diameter of 50 to 100 nm. The Si02 nanoparticles are well dispersed with the average size of about 30 nm. Both the RHA and Si02 nanoparticles can significantly reduce the conductivity of saturated Ca（OH）2 solution and increase the early strength of the cement composites. They also exhibit high pozzolanic activity, indicating that they can be used as ecological nano mineral admixtures.

The Effect of Plant Growth Regulator and Active Charcoal on the Development of Microtubers of Potatoes

With the detoxicated seedling of a potato cultivation breed named “Mire” as the material, the effect of auxins CCC, 6-BA, and active carbon to microtubers of potato (Solanum tubersum L.) was investigated under the in-vitro circumstances. The result indicated the exogenous auxins improved the production and quality of microtubers of potatoes. The effect of induction can be described as CCC > CCC + 6-BA > 6-BA > CK, the number of microtubers in per flask is 8.17 > 7.67 > 7.29 > 5.46, and the number of large potatoes in per flask is 6.33 > 5.17 > 3.17 > 1. In addition, by adding 0.5‰ of active charcoal, the growth period was shortened from 25.0 days to 9.33 days on average, and the amount of larger potatoes increased 8.54%. These results benefited the growth of microtubers of potato.

Reduction behavior and kinetics of vanadium–titanium sinters under high potential oxygen enriched pulverized coal injection

In this work, the reduction behavior of vanadium–titanium sinters was studied under five different sets of conditions of pulverized coal injection with oxygen enrichment. The modified random pore model was established to analyze the reduction kinetics. The results show that the reduction rate of sinters was accelerated by an increase of CO and H2contents. Meanwhile, with the increase in CO and H2contents, the increasing range of the medium reduction index (MRE) of sinters decreased. The increasing oxygen enrichment ratio played a diminishing role in improving the reduction behavior of the sinters. The reducing process kinetic parameters were solved using the modified random role model. The results indicated that, with increasing oxygen enrichment, the contents of CO and H2in the reducing gas increased. The reduction activation energy of the sinters decreased to between 20.4 and 23.2 kJ/mol. © 2017, The Author(s).

Determination of Trace Non Rare Earth Elements in High Purity Rare Earth Oxides by ICP－AES with Microcolumn Preconcentration in a Flow Injection System

A new method for the determination of trace non-rare earth elements in high purity rare earth oxides by ICP-AES with preconcentration on an active carbon-silica gel microcolumn in a flow injection system is described in this paper. Experimental parameters such as pH, flow rate,reagent concentration,length of reaction coil,eluent acidity,etc. were optimized. In the buffer solution of NH3. H2O/NH4Cl at pH 4. 6,Al,Cr,Cu,Fe, Pb, V and Zn can be preconcentrated and then eluted with 4. 5 mol/L nitric acid utilizing stop-flow technique. The enrichment factors were in range of 8. 1￣12. 6 with detection limits of μg/m level ,and the RSD with metals at μg/g level were 2. 3￣5. 0% (n= 7). The method proposed can reduce the matrix interference effectively , and has been applied to the determination of non-rare earth metals atμg/g level in high purity Eu2O3 with satisfactory results.

Experiment and simulation of foaming injection molding of polypropylene/nano-calcium carbonate composites by supercritical carbon dioxide

Microcellular injection molding of neat isotactic polypropylene(iPP) and isotactic polypropylene/nano-calcium carbonate composites(i PP/nano-CaCO_3) was performed using supercritical carbon dioxide as the physical blowing agent. The influences of filler content and operating conditions on microstructure morphology of i PP and i PP/nano-CaCO_3 microcellular samples were studied systematically. The results showed the bubble size of the microcellular samples could be effectively decreased while the cell density increased for i PP/nano-CaCO_3 composites, especially at high CO_2 concentration and back pressure, low mold temperature and injection speed, and high filler content. Then Moldex 3D was applied to simulate the microcellular injection molding process, with the application of the measured ScCO_2 solubility and diffusion data for i PP and i PP/nano-Ca CO_3 composites respectively. For neat i PP, the simulated bubble size and density distribution in the center section of tensile bars showed a good agreement with the experimental values. However, for i PP/nano-CaCO_3 composites, the correction factor for nucleation activation energy F and the pre-exponential factor of nucleation rate f_0 were obtained by nonlinear regression on the experimental bubble size and density distribution. The parameters F and f_0 can be used to predict the microcellular injection molding process for i PP/nano-CaCO_3 composites by Moldex 3D.

Influence of Active Charcoal and Plant Position on Some Morphological Parameters of a Local Variety of Okra (<i>Abelmoschus caillei</i>)

Okra is a plant rich in nutrients and is very well consumed in C&ocirc;te d’Ivoire. Despite its many benefits, the production of this vegetable is still weak in our country. The reasons for this include the inadequate selection of varieties, the high cost of inputs and the poverty of the soil for its cultivation. One of the alternatives for sustained production is to solve the problem of soil fertility. In the case of our work, the aim is to improve the yield of okra. To achieve this goal, experiments were undertaken to evaluate the impact of activated charcoal on morphological parameters of a local okra variety. For this purpose, the charcoal used was activated in three different times (activation time equal to 0 days, 15 days and 30 days). The experimental device used is a split-plot with three repetitions, each comprising 12 elementary plots. The various charcoals were buried the same day. Then, the seedling was done with two positions including outside position and inside position. Observations were made on 360 plants. An analysis of the variances was carried out on the morphological parameters. Fruit mass is the variable most influenced by activated charcoal. Thus, the greatest value of the mass was obtained with the charcoal CA0, with outside position.

Effects of astragalus injection on the skin lesion degree and Caspase-14,SOCS1 and STAT3 levels of psoriasis model in Balb/c nude mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of Astragalus Injection on the Skin Lesion Degree and Caspase-14, SOCS1 and STAT3 Levels of Psoriasis Model in Balb/c Nude Mice. Methods:Sixty Balb/c nude mice were randomly divided into groups A, B and C with 20 mice in each group. Group A mice were used as blank control, group B mice as model group and group C mice as treatment group. The PASI score of psoriasis, skin thickness, inflammatory factors, serum levels of Caspase-14, SOCS1 and STAT3 in three groups of mice were analyzed after 2 weeks of treatment. Result: After treatment, the P ASI score of group B was significantly higher than that of group C, with statistical significance (P < 0.05);there was statistical significance in the measurements of lesion skin of three groups of mice after treatment (P <0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the thickness of lesion skin in group B and C was significantly higher, and the thickness of lesion skin in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the inflammatory factors IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 in the B and C groups were significantly increased, and the inflammatory factors IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group. The levels of serum C aspase-14, SOCS1 and STAT3 in three groups of mice were significantly different after treatment (P < 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the levels of serum C aspase-14 and SOCS1 in B and C groups were significantly lower and the levels of STAT3 were significantly higher, and the levels of inflammatory factors aspase-14 and SO in treatment group were significantly higher than those in control group. The level of CS1 was significantly lower than that of model group, and the level of STAT3 was significantly higher than that of model group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Astragalus membranaceus injection can effectively improve the degree of psoriasis in Balb/c nude mice. Its possible mechanism is that it can decrease the expression of Caspase-14 and SOCS1, reduce the degree of keratosis in the lesion site of mice, improve the local surface hyperplasia, increase the level of STAT3 and enhance the level of local cell proliferation, which is of positive significance for the rehabilitation of psoriasis.

基于控保协同的有源配网主动注入式保护方法

由于逆变型分布式电源(inverter-interfaced distributed generation,IIDG)的故障特性主要由其控制策略及电网故障情况决定,在不同故障场景和工况下,传统的被动式保护方法存在保护整定和协调困难的问题。为此,提出一种基于控保协同的有源配网主动注入式保护方法,故障期间控制IIDG主动向电网注入特征信号,保护处利用检测到的特征信号来获取IIDG的基波信息,从而消除IIDG对各支路电流及现有电流保护的影响。由于保护利用的故障特征是由IIDG主动注入的,因此该方法在不同场景和工况下都有较好的适用性,且不需要增加额外的通信和检测设备,具有经济性好和实用性高的优点。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

回族及维吾尔族圆头精子症患者的基因诊断、精子超微结构观察和辅助生殖结局分析

目的探讨2例少数民族(P1回族、P2维吾尔族)圆头精子症患者的临床表型、精子特点、遗传学病因以及辅助生殖结局。方法分析2例少数民族圆头精子症患者的临床资料和各种精液检查参数,观察精子超微结构,并利用全外显子检测技术和qPCR检测分析患者的遗传学病因,采用卵胞质内单精子注射联合卵母细胞激活技术(ICSI+AOA)进行辅助生殖治疗,并观察其助孕结局。结果2例患者均存在DPY19L2基因109681 bp纯合缺失,其中P2患者的DPY19L2基因缺失来源于近亲结婚的父母。P1患者精子活力低下,精子DNA碎片率高,精子形态为100%圆头精子,电镜下发现精子顶体缺失,同时存在质膜、线粒体和微管等超微结构缺陷;P2患者精子活力及精子DNA碎片率均正常,精子形态为100%圆头精子,电镜下观察发现精子主要缺陷为头部小而圆伴随顶体缺失,质膜、线粒体和微管等细胞器结构损伤与超微结构缺陷少见。2例患者夫妇均接受ICSI+AOA助孕,ICSI受精率P1患者夫妇为62.5%,P2患者夫妇为75%,均成功获得临床妊娠。结论DPY19L2基因异常在不同民族背景的圆头精子症患者中都是主要的致病遗传学原因。圆头精子可同时存在质膜、线粒体和微管等细胞器结构损伤与超微结构缺陷。ICSI+AOA是圆头精子症患者的有效辅助生殖治疗。

老年心肌梗死患者术中冠状动脉内注射重组人TNK组织型纤溶酶原激活剂对微循环的影响

目的探讨血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射重组人TNK组织型纤溶酶原激活剂对老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中冠状动脉微循环及心功能的影响。方法回顾性选取2021年1月至2023年10月于天津市第三中心医院就诊的并行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者90例,根据经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术中介入策略不同分为单纯血栓抽吸组(抽吸组)46例和血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射重组人TNK组织型纤溶酶原激活剂组(联合组)44例。比较2组一般临床资料,术后90 min ST段回落指数≥70%比例,术后即刻心肌梗死溶栓试验(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)血流分级,术后TIMI心肌灌注分级,校正的TIMI血流帧数,心脏超声指标以及住院期间主要不良心血管事件及出血事件。结果联合组术后ST段回落≥70%、术后即刻TIMI血流分级3级、术后TIMI心肌灌注分级3级比例显著高于抽吸组,校正的TIMI血流帧数显著低于抽吸组(P<0.05);抽吸组术后1周的左心室射血分数显著低于联合组[(52.5±6.2)%vs(58.3±6.4)%,P<0.05],联合组术后1周左心室舒张末期内径显著低于抽吸组[(44.1±3.9)mm vs(51.9±2.5)mm,P<0.05];联合组住院期间主要不良心血管事件发生率显著低于抽吸组(20.5%vs 37.0%,P<0.05)。结论在应用抽吸导管的基础上配合冠状动脉内注射重组人TNK组织型纤溶酶原激活剂可有效降低老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者冠状动脉内血栓负荷,改善心肌微循环灌注,降低住院期间主要不良心血管事件发生率且不增加出血风险。