Effects of Chloroquine and Naphthoquinone on Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time of Swiss Mice

Concerns on the coagulation variables, Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) which are part of coagulation parameters used in assessing haemostatsis in haematology, led to the study of the effects of naphthoquinone and chloroquine on the PT and APTT of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei, and treated with graded concentrations of chloroquine and naphthoquinone. Using brain thromboplastin with calcium and rabbit brain cephalosporin ad kaolin respectively the experiment aimed at demonstrating the effect of chloroquine with purity of 99.79% and naphthoquinone with purity of 97.00%, upon a three-day intraperitoneal administration at concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg. Result showed that the APTT and PT of naphthoquinone at 2.0 mg/kg, were 196.67 seconds, and 67.63 seconds respectively, while the APTT and PT of chloroquine were 3.63 seconds and 1.40 seconds respectively for the same concentration. Also, naphthoquinone showed lower APTT but sustained PT at concentrations below 1.50 mg/kg whereas both APTT and PT increased from concentrations above 1.50 mg/kg. On the other hand chloroquine showed a lowered APTT between 0.00 to 0.15 mg/kg while PT was sustained, but both APTT and PT increased from concentration of 0.15 mg/kg gradually. This study conclusively showed that chloroquine has a shorter APTT and PT than naphthoquinones, even though they elicited similar actions. Apart from this, naphthoquinone and chloroquine belonging to the same family, naphthoquinone could be more toxic than chloroquine at the dosages equivalent to 1.50 mg/kg, therefore, any administration of naphthoquinone above this dosage should be closely monitored to avoid any form of danger to the patient.

Coagulation abnormalities and their relationship with bleeding manifestations in patients with dengue-A single center observational study

Objective:To evaluate coagulation abnormalities and their relationship with bleeding manifestations among patients with dengue.Methods:This observational study was conducted on 292 adult dengue patients who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital of Western India from July 2021 to June 2022.Coagulation tests including prothrombin time(PT),international normalized ratio(INR),activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT),fibrinogen,and D-dimer were performed.Patients were monitored for bleeding manifestations.Results:Coagulation abnormalities were reported in 42.8%of the patients.Overall,prolonged aPTT was the most common coagulation abnormality(40.8%),followed by low fibrinogen(38.7%),raised D-dimer(31.2%),raised INR(26.0%)and prolonged PT(19.2%).Bleeding manifestations were present in 19.9%patients.PT,INR,aPTT and D-dimer levels were significantly higher(P<0.01)and fibrinogen level was significantly lower(P<0.001)in patients with bleeding compared to patients without bleeding.Patients with bleeding had a significantly higher rate of all coagulation abnormalities than patients without bleeding(P<0.01).Conclusions:Patients with bleeding showed a significantly higher frequency of coagulation abnormalities compared to patients without bleeding.Patients with dengue should be assessed for coagulation abnormalities.

Clinical association between coagulation indicators and bone metastasis in patients with gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Bones are one of the most common target organs for cancer metastasis.Early evaluation of bone metastasis(BM)status is clinically significant.Cancer patients often experience a hypercoagulable state.AIM To evaluate the correlation between coagulation indicators and the burden of BM in gastric cancer(GC).METHODS We conducted a single-center retrospective study and enrolled 454 patients.Clinical information including routine blood examination and coagulation markers were collected before any treatment.Patients were grouped according to the status of BM.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess diagnostic performance and determine the optimal cutoff values of the above indicators.Cutoff values,sensitivity and specificity were based on the maximum Youden index.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between biomarkers and BM.RESULTS Of the 454 enrolled patients,191 patients were diagnosed with BM.The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that prothrombin time(PT)Wang X et al.Coagulation indicators predict bone metastasis WJGO https://www.wjgnet.com 1254 July 15,2023 Volume 15 Issue 7[cutoff:13.25;sensitivity:0.651;specificity:0.709;area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)=0.738],activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT)(cutoff:35.15;sensitivity:0.640;specificity:0.640;AUC=0.678)and fibrin degradation products(FDP)(cutoff:2.75;sensitivity:0.668;specificity:0.801;AUC=0.768)act as novel predictors for BM.Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis,the results showed the independent correlation between PT[odds ratio(OR):3.16;95%confidence interval(CI):1.612-6.194;P=0.001],aPTT(OR:2.234;95%CI:1.157-4.313;P=0.017)and FDP(OR:3.17;95%CI:1.637-6.139;P=0.001)and BM in patients with GC.Moreover,age,carcinoembryonic antigen,erythrocyte and globulin were found to be significantly associated with BM.CONCLUSION Coagulation markers,namely PT,aPTT and FDP,might be potential predictors for screening BM in patients with GC.

Relevant detection indicator of prethrombotic state in patients with primary hypertension

BACKGROUND Hypertension is a common chronic disease that affects many people worldwide.Only a few reports related to the exploration of relevant indicators of the prethrombotic state in patients with primary hypertension(PH)in clinical settings were available.AIM To detect prethrombotic state-related indicators in patients with PH and analyze their differences in different patient populations to provide a laboratory basis for the clinical prevention and control of hypertensive thrombotic diseases.METHODS The general data of patients with PH who attended the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College,from January 2022 to December 2022 were collected retrospectively.The patients were divided into three groups of 40 patients each according to the Grade of PH:Grade 1,Grade 2,and Grade 3 hypertension experimental group.The baseline data of 40 volunteers,who underwent physical examination in our hospital but were not diagnosed with PH during the same period,were included in the control group.The relevant indicators of prethrombotic state of the participants were compared,and mainly included inflammation-related indicators,hemorheology-related indicators,and coagulation function related indicators.The relationship between the aforementioned indicators and the progression of PH was analyzed.RESULTS No significant differences were observed in age,sex,diabetes mellitus,smoking history,drinking history,body mass index,New York Heart Association functional classification,or the course of hypertension among the four groups(P>0.05).The expressions of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),thrombomodulin(TM),hematocrit(Hct),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),P-selectin on platelet surface(CD62P),and fibrinogen(FIB)in the control group were<Grade 1 hypertension group<Grade 2 hypertension group<Grade 3 hypertension group,and the expressions of platelet(PLT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin(PT),and plasma thrombin time(TT)in the control group was>Grade 1 hypertension group>Grade 2 hypertension group>Grade 3 hypertension group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of the multivariate logistic regression model showed that the expression of hs-CRP,TM,Hct,ESR,CD62P,PLT,APTT,PT,TT,and FIB in the included participants was related to the progression of PH.Among these,high expression of hs-CRP,TM,Hct,ESR,CD62P,APTT,PT,and TT,and low expression of PLT and FIB were risk factors for PH(OR>1,P<0.05).The results of the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of hs-CRP,TM,ESR,CD62P,APTT,PT,TT,and FIB for the prediction of PH were>0.80,and the prediction value was ideal.Linear correlation analysis with bivariate Spearman showed that hs-CRP,TM,Hct,ESR,CD62P,APTT,PT,and TT were positively correlated with each other(r>0,P<0.05);PLT and FIB were negatively correlated with hs-CRP,TM,Hct,ESR,CD62P,APTT,PT,and TT(r<0,P<0.05);and PLT and FIB were positively correlated(r>0,P<0.05).Linear correlation analysis using bivariate Spearman showed that hs-CRP,TM,Hct,ESR,CD62P,and FIB were positively correlated with each other(r>0,P<0.05),whereas PLT,APTT,PT,and TT were negatively correlated with hs-CRP,TM,Hct,ESR,CD62P,and FIB(r<0,P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between PLT,APTT,PT,and TT(r>0,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The relevant indicators of the prethrombotic state in patients with PH,such as hs-CRP,TM,Hct,ESR,CD62P,PLT,APTT,PT,TT,and FIB,showed differences.High expression of hs-CRP,TM,Hct,ESR,CD62P,and FIB,and low expression of PLT,APTT,PT,and TT are the keys to the occurrence,progression,and thrombotic state of PH.Based on the above serum indicators’expression in patients,targeted interventions can be administered to patients with abnormal expression levels to control the progression of their disease and reduce the risk of developing a prethrombotic state.

In vitro assessment of the effect of Undaria pinnatifida extracts on erythrocytes membrane integrity and blood coagulation parameters of Equus caballus

Objective:To study the activity of polysaccharides extracted from Undaria pinnatifida(U.pinnatifida)in vitro on red blood cell of Equus caballus,and compare it with heparin.Methods:Algal extracts was tested at two different concentrations 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL.In all studies,using horse red blood cells,control experiments were carried out without extract.We evaluated the toxicity of algal extracts through trypan blue test and haemolysis test and anticoagulant action measured by activated partial thromboplastin time,prothrombin time and fibrinogen test.Results:The polysaccharide extract of U.pinnatifida appeared to have no cytotoxic effect on the horse red blood cells.The values of prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen were significantly changed in the presence of the extract.Conclusions:This study suggests a possible exploitation of U.pinnatifida,thriving in the lagoon of Venice,as a source of anticoagulant drug,with the aim of transforming waste into a valuable biomass.