The Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD suppresses rice immunity by inhibiting an LSD1-like transcriptional activator

Avirulence effectors(Avrs),encoded by plant pathogens,can be recognized by plants harboring the corresponding resistance proteins,thereby initiating effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In susceptible plants,however,Avrs can function as effectors,facilitating infection via effector-triggered susceptibility(ETS).Mechanisms of Avr-mediated ETS remain largely unexplored.Here we report that the Magnaporthe oryzae effector Avr-PikD enters rice cells via the canonical cytoplasmic secretion pathway and suppresses rice basal defense.Avr-PikD interacts with an LSD1-like transcriptional activator AKIP30 of rice,and AKIP30 is also a positive regulator of rice immunity,whereas Avr-PikD impedes its nuclear localization and suppresses its transcriptional activity.In summary,M.oryzae delivers Avr-PikD into rice cells to facilitate ETS by inhibiting AKIP30-mediated transcriptional regulation of immune response against M.oryzae.

Fabrication of pollution-free coal gangue-based catalytic material utilizing ferrous chloride as activator for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation

Novel coal gangue-based persulfate catalyst(CG-FeCl_(2))was successfully synthesized by the means of calcinating under nitrogen atmosphere with the addition of ferrous chloride tetrahydrate(FeCl_(2)·_(4)H_(2)O).The phase transformation of the prepared materials and gas products during the heating process are thoroughly investigated.It is suggested that ferrous chloride participated in the phase transformation and formed Si-O-Fe bonds.And the main gaseous products are H_(2)O,H_(2),and HCl during the heating process.Besides,the ability of CG-FeCl_(2) to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS)for catalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and phenol was deeply studied.More than 95%of naphthyl,phenanthrene and phenol were removed under optimizied conditions.In addition,1O_(2),·OH,and SO_(4)·−were involved in the CG-FeCl_(2)/PMS system from the free radical scavenging experiment,where 1O_(2) played a major role during the oxidation process.Furthermore,CG-FeCl_(2)/PMS system exhibited superior stability in a relatively wide pH range and the presence of common anion from related degradation experiments.Overall,the novel CG-FeCl_(2) is an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst,displaying potential application prospect in the field of PAHs and phenol-contaminated wastewater treatment.

Screening and field application of microbial-flooding activator systems

This study aims to further enhance the oil recovery of reservoirs in the Zhong-2 Block of the Gudao Oilfield by identifying the most effective microbial-flooding activator systems and applying them in the field.We began by analyzing the structure of the reservoirs'endogenous microbial communities to understand the potential impact of microbial flooding.This was followed by determining commonly used activator systems based on their abilities to stimulate oil-displacement functional bacteria.Through laboratory experiments on oil displacement efficiency and sweep characteristics,we determined the optimal activator injection method(injection ratio)and the requisite bacterial concentration for maximal microbial-flooding efficacy.Finally,we selected the optimal activator systems and applied them to field tests.Our findings suggest the target block is highly receptive to microbial-flooding.In terms of performance,the activator systems ranked as No.3>No.4>No.1>No.2.Interestingly,a deep activator system,when compared to the top-performing No.3 system,exhibited a higher bacterial concentration peak and longer peaking duration.Optimal oil displacement effects were observed at a 1:4 vol ratio between the No.3 activator and deep activator systems,with bacterial concentrations of up to 106 cells/mL or above.Field tests with the selected activator systems,following a specific injection protocol,demonstrated a notable increase in oil production and a reduction in water cut.

Neuroprotective effects of G9a inhibition through modulation of peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor gamma-dependent pathways by miR-128

Dysregulation of G9a,a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase,has been observed in Alzheimer’s disease and has been correlated with increased levels of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress.Likewise,microRNAs are involved in many biological processes and diseases playing a key role in pathogenesis,especially in multifactorial diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.Therefore,our aim has been to provide partial insights into the interconnection between G9a,microRNAs,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation.To better understand the biology of G9a,we compared the global microRNA expression between senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8(SAMP8)control mice and SAMP8 treated with G9a inhibitor UNC0642.We found a downregulation of miR-128 after a G9a inhibition treatment,which interestingly binds to the 3′untranslated region(3′-UTR)of peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor γ(PPARG)mRNA.Accordingly,Pparg gene expression levels were higher in the SAMP8 group treated with G9a inhibitor than in the SAMP8 control group.We also observed modulation of oxidative stress responses might be mainly driven Pparg after G9a inhibitor.To confirm these antioxidant effects,we treated primary neuron cell cultures with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidative insult.In this setting,treatment with G9a inhibitor increases both cell survival and antioxidant enzymes.Moreover,up-regulation of PPARγby G9a inhibitor could also increase the expression of genes involved in DNA damage responses and apoptosis.In addition,we also described that the PPARγ/AMPK axis partially explains the regulation of autophagy markers expression.Finally,PPARγ/GADD45αpotentially contributes to enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis after G9a inhibition.Altogether,we propose that pharmacological inhibition of G9a leads to a neuroprotective effect that could be due,at least in part,by the modulation of PPARγ-dependent pathways by miR-128.

Effects of interleukin-10 treated macrophages on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway

BACKGROUND Alveolar bone defects caused by inflammation are an urgent issue in oral implant surgery that must be solved.Regulating the various phenotypes of macrophages to enhance the inflammatory environment can significantly affect the progression of diseases and tissue engineering repair process.AIM To assess the influence of interleukin-10(IL-10)on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)following their interaction with macrophages in an inflammatory environment.METHODS IL-10 modulates the differentiation of peritoneal macrophages in Wistar rats in an inflammatory environment.In this study,we investigated its impact on the proliferation,migration,and osteogenesis of BMSCs.The expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and its activated form,phos-phorylated-STAT3,were examined in IL-10-stimulated macrophages.Subsequently,a specific STAT3 signaling inhibitor was used to impede STAT3 signal activation to further investigate the role of STAT3 signaling.RESULTS IL-10-stimulated macrophages underwent polarization to the M2 type through substitution,and these M2 macrophages actively facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.Mechanistically,STAT3 signaling plays a crucial role in the process by which IL-10 influences macrophages.Specifically,IL-10 stimulated the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and reduced the macrophage inflammatory response,as evidenced by its diminished impact on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.CONCLUSION Stimulating macrophages with IL-10 proved effective in improving the inflammatory environment and promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.The IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway has emerged as a key regulator in the macrophage-mediated control of BMSCs’osteogenic differentiation.

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid promotes gastric cancer cell autophagy and inhibits proliferation by regulating miR-328-3p/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common cancer types worldwide,and its prevention and treatment methods have garnered much attention.As the active ingredient of licorice,18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GRA)has a variety of pharmacological effects.The aim of this study was to explore the effective target of 18β-GRA in the treatment of GC,in order to provide effective ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of GC.AIM To investigate the mechanism of 18β-GRA in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting autophagy flux in GC cells.METHODS Whole transcriptomic analyses were used to analyze and screen differentially expressed microRNAs(miRNAs)in GC cells after 18β-GRA intervention.Lentivirus-transfected GC cells and the Cell Counting Kit-8 were used to detect cell proliferation ability,cell colony formation ability was detected by the clone formation assay,and flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis.A nude mouse transplantation tumor model of GC cells was constructed to verify the effect of miR-328-3p overexpression on the tumorigenicity of GC cells.Tumor tissue morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC3)expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.TransmiR,STRING,and miRWalk databases were used to predict the relationship between miR-328-3p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)-related information.Expression of STAT3 mRNA and miR-328-3p was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and the expression levels of STAT3,phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3),and LC3 were detected by western blot analysis.The targeted relationship between miR-328-3p and STAT3 was detected using the dual-luciferase reporter gene system.AGS cells were infected with monomeric red fluorescent protein-green fluorescent protein-LC3 adenovirus double label.LC3 was labeled and autophagy flow was observed under a confocal laser microscope.RESULTS The expression of miR-328-3p was significantly upregulated after 18β-GRA intervention in AGS cells(P=4.51E-06).Overexpression of miR-328-3p inhibited GC cell proliferation and colony formation ability,arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase,promoted cell apoptosis,and inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors in BALB/c nude mice(P<0.01).No obvious necrosis was observed in the tumor tissue in the negative control group(no drug intervention or lentivirus transfection)and vector group(the blank vector for lentivirus transfection),and more cells were loose and necrotic in the miR-328-3p group.Bioinformatics tools predicted that miR-328-3p has a targeting relationship with STAT3,and STAT3 was closely related to autophagy markers such as p62.After overexpressing miR-328-3p,the expression level of STAT3 mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01)and p-STAT3 was downregulated(P<0.05).The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the luciferase activity of miR-328-3p and STAT33’untranslated regions of the wild-type reporter vector group was significantly decreased(P<0.001).Overexpressed miR-328-3p combined with bafilomycin A1(Baf A1)was used to detect the expression of LC3 II.Compared with the vector group,the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p group was downregulated(P<0.05),and compared with the Baf A1 group,the expression level of LC3 II in the overexpressed miR-328-3p+Baf A1 group was upregulated(P<0.01).The expression of LC3 II was detected after intervention of 18β-GRA in GC cells,and the results were consistent with the results of miR-328-3p overexpression(P<0.05).Additional studies showed that 18β-GRA promoted autophagy flow by promoting autophagosome synthesis(P<0.001).qPCR showed that the expression of STAT3 mRNA was downregulated after drug intervention(P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 were significantly downregulated after drug intervention(P<0.05).CONCLUSION 18β-GRA promotes the synthesis of autophagosomes and inhibits GC cell proliferation by regulating the miR-328-3p/STAT3 signaling pathway.

“文化活化”视域下高校图书馆古籍活化实践路径探索--以浙江大学图书馆馆藏拓片活化为例

在“文化强国”建设的背景下,古籍活化成为古籍保护与利用工作中的重要任务。文章提出了一种新的以文化活化促进古籍活化的特藏揭示模式,并以浙江大学图书馆拓片活化应用实践为例,总结了高校图书馆古籍活化的五种实践路径及“4C”策略,以期为古籍活化工作提供新思路。

积极老龄化:理念、局限与拓展

积极老龄化理念是积极应对人口老龄化挑战的主要战略思路之一,在全球范围内成为一种天然正确的政治话语,“健康”“参与”和“保障”是三项主要内容。积极老龄化思想虽然具有诸多贡献,但同样也存在理论构建的局限与不足,表现为缺少供给视角、局限在应然维度、造成消极与积极的二元对立、忽略残病扩张对老年健康的冲击、忽视退休年龄太早下的老年人力资源开发。基于此,积极老龄化理论可以从“健康”“参与”“保障”“责任”和“可持续”五位一体角度进行拓展,进而为中国探寻积极应对老龄化之路提供启发与裨益。

黄皮中黄酮类化合物的结构及生物活性研究进展

黄皮是我国华南地区特色优稀水果,风味独特,深受广大消费者喜爱。黄酮类物质是黄皮果实中主要的活性成分之一,具有多种生物活性。目前关于黄皮中黄酮类化合物的研究较为零散,结论缺乏系统性。本文全面综述了黄皮中黄酮类化合物的组成、提取方法,系统阐述了其抗氧化、抗肿瘤、保护心血管、增强认知、抗炎、降糖和抑制黑色素生成等功效及作用机制,以期为黄皮中黄酮类化合物的科学研究、黄皮产品的开发和品牌创建提供理论依据。

青藏高原陆陆碰撞-挤出活动构造体系控震作用:以1990年以来强震活动为例

青藏高原是地中海-喜马拉雅地震带上强震活动最频繁的区域之一,深入认识该区的活动构造体系控震效应对于区域强震危险性分析具有重要科学意义。从陆陆碰撞-挤出活动构造体系角度,对青藏高原自1990年以来的MW≥6.0强震活动及控震构造机制进行分析发现,青藏高原陆陆碰撞-挤出构造体系对区域强震活动起到显著控制作用,区域强震事件尤其是MW≥6.5地震主要出现在构造体系的主要边界断裂带上,并显示出相对有规律的时空迁移过程,而且青藏高原东部的多层次挤出-旋转活动构造体系构成了1990年以来强震过程的主要控震构造,其次是喜马拉雅主前缘逆冲断裂带。因此,青藏高原挤出构造体系应是未来强震活动趋势分析最值得关注的区域,尤其是当前最为活跃的巴颜喀拉次级挤出构造单元。对比分析土耳其安纳托利亚板块及周边的强震活动发现,该区具有类似的陆陆碰撞-挤出构造体系及控震效应,表明该构造体系是陆内造山中的一种典型的控震构造。进一步综合分析认为,活动构造体系控震效应的主要表现:一是构造体系中主要断块的边界断裂带通常是强震活动的主要场所;二是构造体系中不同构造带的强震活动常具有联动效应或相互触发关系,其中的复杂或特殊构造部位则是易出现双震或震群活动的场所;三是当构造体系中某个构造单元或构造带处于活跃阶段时,便会出现强震丛集现象。另外,充分认识构造体系中主要活动断层间的协调变形关系,活动断层带上的强震活动的分段破裂行为,以及活动断层上强震原地复发通常存在“周期长、准周期性和丛集性”的特点等,有助于在根据活动构造体系分析区域未来强震活动趋势时更为准确地判定活动断层带的未来强震危险性。

沥青基多孔炭材料制备及其双电层储能性能

多孔炭作为超级电容器电极的主要材料,具有导电性好、化学稳定性高、工作温度范围广等优点。以内蒙古煤沥青(CTP)为原料,分别以K_(2)CO_(3)和KOH为活化剂,通过化学活化法制备多孔炭材料,优化制备工艺并比较2种活化剂制备的多孔炭在结构和电化学性能方面的差异。结果表明,K_(2)CO_(3)活化和KOH活化最佳制备条件均为活化温度700℃、活化时间60 min、活化剂与CTP质量比为2∶1。2种活化剂制备的多孔炭在微观结构上有很大差异,KOH活化所得多孔炭(PH-T700)表面平整光滑并分布大量规则的圆孔,而K_(2)CO_(3)活化所得多孔炭(PC-T700)内部呈层叠交错的珊瑚状结构。与PH-T700相比,PC-T700具有更多中孔,离子扩散阻力更小。在1 A/g电流密度下,PC-T700和PH-T700的比电容量分别为252.90和261.02 F/g,PC-T700和PH-T700组装成纽扣型对称电容器,0.5 A/g时比电容量分别为226.01和225.51 F/g,且PC-T700表现出更优秀的倍率性能和循环稳定性。5000次充放电后,PC-T700和PH-T700的比电容量分别为初始值的103.77%和98.20%。输出功率达1038.46 W/kg时,PC-T700能量密度仍保持7.5 Wh/kg,实际使用价值高于PH-T700。

基于不同组织和器官角度回顾PGC-1α在运动抗衰老中的作用

背景:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors gamma co-activator 1α,PGC-1α)和衰老密切相关,且其在运动抗衰老中发挥着重要的调控作用,但缺乏从不同组织和器官视角下PGC-1α在运动抗衰老中作用的相关综述。目的:详细回顾PGC-1α在运动抗衰老中的作用,并从不同组织和器官的角度探讨其调控情况。方法:于2023-05-01/07-01进行文献检索。检索范围包括自各数据库建库至2023年7月,并在Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方和维普数据库上进行检索。中文检索词:“PGC-1α,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α,PPARGC1A,衰老,运动,老年人等”;英文检索词:“PGC-1α,aging,exercise,exercise training,older adults”。运用布尔逻辑运算符将检索词连接进行检索,并制定了相应的检索策略。根据纳入和排除标准进行筛选,最终纳入文献83篇进行综述分析。结果与结论:①PGC-1α是一个重要的转录共激活因子,在维持线粒体功能、调控能量代谢和适应不同代谢需求方面发挥着关键的调节作用。②在线粒体衰老中的多种功能,在多种细胞类型中的调节作用,在多种细胞类型中发挥着重要的调节作用,与炎症途径和氧化还原控制的关系及其相关蛋白修饰和表观遗传变化。③PGC-1α的表达水平能够被运动训练提高,并通过调节线粒体生物发生、能量代谢和抗氧化应激等途径发挥积极的作用,其在运动改善脂肪组织衰老、心血管老化、神经系统老化、肾脏衰老、骨骼肌衰老和肝脏老化等中发挥重要作用。④课题组专家建议未来研究方向包括探索不同类型、强度和时长的运动对PGC-1α表达的调节影响,研究PGC-1α的蛋白修饰和表观遗传变化的调节机制,以及加强对PGC-1α在不同衰老相关疾病中的作用机制的研究。

不同干燥方式对杜仲雄花品质特性及挥发性成分的影响

为探究干燥方式对杜仲雄花品质特性及挥发性成分的影响,选择5种不同干燥方式(真空冷冻干燥、微波真空冷冻干燥、热风干燥、远红外辐射干燥和热泵干燥)对新鲜杜仲雄花进行脱水处理。测定了杜仲雄花干制品的干燥特性与品质特性,并对干制品的挥发性成分进行了分析。结果表明,真空冷冻干燥所需时间最长,为14.1 h,能耗最高,为231.27 kJ/g,微波真空冷冻干燥效率最高,与真空冷冻干燥相比,干燥时间缩短57%,干燥能耗节省76%。与其他3种干燥方式相比,真空冷冻干燥和微波真空冷冻干燥条件下杜仲雄花干制品的总色差最小,与新鲜样品最接近,表面结构更为平整,活性成分含量最高且自由基清除能力最强。在挥发性成分检测中,干燥前后共检测出27种挥发性成分,其中微波真空冷冻干燥产品挥发性成分种类最多,为18种,是新鲜杜仲雄花挥发性成分种类的1.8倍。综合分析,微波真空冷冻干燥为杜仲雄花的适宜干燥方式,该研究为杜仲雄花的干燥及加工提供理论依据。

基于GRU-DRSN的双通道人体活动识别

人体活动识别(human activity recognizition, HAR)在医疗、军工、智能家居等领域有很大的应用空间。传统机器学习方法特征提取难度较大且精度不高。针对上述问题并结合传感器时序特性,提出了一种融合CBAM(convolutional block attention module)注意力机制的GRU-DRSN双通道并行模型,有效避免了传统串行模型因网络深度加深引起梯度爆炸和消失问题。同时并行结构使得两条支路具有相同的优先级,使用深度残差收缩网络(deep residual shrinkage network, DRSN)提取数据的深层空间特征,同时使用门控循环结构(gated recurrent unit, GRU)学习活动样本在时间序列上的特征,同时进行提取样本不同维度的特征,并通过CBAM模块进行特征的权重分配,最后通过Softmax层进行识别,实现了端对端的人体活动识别。使用公开数据集(wireless sensor data mining, WISDM)进行验证,模型平均精度达到了97.6%,与传统机器学习模型和前人所提神经网络模型相比,有更好的识别效果。

饮酒和体力活动对社区2型糖尿病患者血糖控制的影响

目的:了解饮酒和体力活动与南京市社区糖尿病患者血糖控制之间的关系。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,随机抽取南京市5个区5663名18岁以上社区糖尿病患者作为研究对象,采用多因素Logistic回归分析饮酒和体力活动对糖尿病患者血糖控制的联合作用。结果:5663名糖尿病患者空腹血糖控制率为39.8%(95%CI:38.5%~41.1%),调整年龄、性别、规律服药、职业、受教育水平、体质量指数(BMI)、高血压、糖尿病家族史和吸烟后,过量饮酒患者空腹血糖控制率是不饮酒/适量者的0.73倍(95%CI:0.64~0.83,P<0.001)。与不饮酒/适量且体力活动充足者相比,过量饮酒且体力活动充足者的空腹血糖控制率为其0.76倍(95%CI:0.66~0.87,P<0.001),过量饮酒且体力活动不足者为其0.58倍(95%CI:0.41~0.84,P=0.003)。结论:饮酒和体力活动对血糖控制存在联合作用,过量饮酒者如体力活动不足会进一步降低其血糖控制率。

蓝莓不同部位活性成分及抗氧化能力比较分析

以蓝莓全果、蓝莓果皮和蓝莓果肉为原料,采用醇提法和水提法测定其绿原酸、原儿茶酸、槲皮素、香草酸、总黄酮和总酚的含量及其抗氧化能力。结果表明,蓝莓果实不同部位中活性成分和抗氧化能力具有显著差异(P<0.05);蓝莓果皮中总黄酮和总酚含量最高,显著高于其他提取物中总黄酮和总酚含量,分别为32.61 mg/g和26.95 mg/g;蓝莓果实各部位醇提取物中抗氧化能力显著高于水提取物,顺序为蓝莓果皮>蓝莓全果>蓝莓果肉;各部位主要有效成分包括绿原酸、原儿茶酸、槲皮素、香草酸,在蓝莓果皮中的含量显著高于果肉和蓝莓全果中(P<0.05),蓝莓果实中绿原酸和香草酸含量最高。

香蕉枯萎病高效拮抗土著细菌的筛选及其防效

【目的】发掘防治香蕉枯萎病的高效生防菌资源,为有效控制香蕉枯萎病的发生提供参考。【方法】利用选择性培养基从福建省香蕉产区野生香蕉根际土壤中分离菌株,以香蕉枯萎病菌为靶标,采用平板对峙法、代谢物抑菌试验、抑菌谱和耐毒素能力测定筛选具有拮抗活性的生防细菌;通过形态学观察、生理生化特性测定、16S rDNA和gyrA基因序列分析及构建系统发育树进行生防菌株的鉴定,并采用灌根法测定生防菌株对香蕉枯萎病的防治效果。【结果】利用选择性培养基从野生香蕉根际土壤中分离到195株细菌,以香蕉枯萎病菌为靶标,采用平板对峙法筛选出对香蕉枯萎病菌具有拮抗活性的细菌17株,其中菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑菌带宽度分别达12.67和11.67 mm;不同拮抗细菌菌株间的代谢物对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制率存在差异,其中菌株NJ-1和NJ-4的抑菌效果较好,抑制率分别达89.06%和88.47%。菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对12种植物病原真菌均具有较好的抑制作用,抑菌谱广,且对5%的香蕉枯萎病菌粗毒素具有一定的耐受性。经菌落形态、生理生化特征及分子鉴定,菌株NJ-1和NJ-4分别为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。盆栽试验结果表明,菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对香蕉枯萎病具有较好的防治作用,其防治效果分别为71.69%和70.75%,且与对照药剂450 g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂1000倍液处理相比,菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对促进香蕉苗株高、根长生长有显著优势。【结论】菌株NJ-1和NJ-4对香蕉枯萎病具有高效的生防潜力,而且对香蕉生长具有一定的促进作用。

蒲公英、忍冬藤抗菌活性组分及配伍研究

为了探寻蒲公英和忍冬藤高效抗菌活性组分及其配伍活性,试验以蒲公英和忍冬藤为研究对象,通过70%乙醇提取、大孔树脂D101柱层析和抗菌活性跟踪相结合的方式优选各自的高效抗菌活性组分,并对这些组分进行总黄酮、有机酸和多酚含量分析和活性配伍研究。结果表明蒲公英和忍冬藤的高效抗菌活性组分分离工艺为:先用70%乙醇回流提取,浓缩后用大孔树脂D101柱层析,70%或50%乙醇洗脱部位即为它们的高效抗菌活性组分。这些组分对9种供试病原菌都具有较强的广谱抗菌性,蒲公英的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别约为1.95 mg/mL和15.63 mg/mL,忍冬藤的MIC和MBC分别约为1.95 mg/mL和31.25 mg/mL。且含量分析显示,蒲公英高效抗菌活性组分黄酮和多酚含量相对较高,忍冬藤高效抗菌活性组分多酚含量相对较高。配伍研究发现,当蒲公英高效抗菌活性部位与少量忍冬藤水洗脱部位(16∶1~4∶1)或其高效抗菌部位(16∶1~1∶1)配伍使用时,对部分供试菌的抗菌活性存在一定的相加作用。说明所得的蒲公英和忍冬藤高效抗菌活性组分提取分离工艺简单、易得,广谱抗菌作用强,合适的配伍使用可以实现更好的抗菌作用。

香菜多糖的抗氧化及降血糖活性研究

本研究以香菜为原料,探究其多糖的抗氧化活性和降血糖活性。通过测定香菜多糖对DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力和总还原能力评价其抗氧化活性,并通过检测香菜多糖对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制效果研究其降血糖能力。结果表明:随着香菜多糖提取物浓度的增加,其总还原能力以及对自由基清除率提高,当质量浓度为2 mg/mL时,其对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率分别为61.32%和70.76%,表明其具有较好的抗氧化活性;此外,对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率亦随其浓度增加而增大,当香菜多糖浓度为6 mg/mL时,其对这两种酶抑制率分别可达49.01%和64.76%,表明其具有一定的降血糖活性。因此,香菜多糖可作为一种新的天然抗氧化剂和降糖物质,这将为香菜在食品、药品和保健品等方面的开发利用提供理论依据。

野生接骨木果含片的制备及其抗氧化、抗运动疲劳作用研究

为制备一款口感适宜且具有抗氧化和抗疲劳作用的接骨木果含片,以野生接骨木果粉为原料,通过响应面试验优化接骨木果含片制备工艺;以1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、2,2-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)阳离子自由基清除能力和铁离子还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)作为评价其抗氧化能力的指标;通过测定小鼠游泳时间,分析血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、尿素氮(BUN)和乳酸(LA)含量变化来评价其抗疲劳作用。结果表明:接骨木果粉添加量61%、木糖醇添加量8%和柠檬酸添加量5%时,接骨木果含片的感官评分达到90.32分,其花色苷含量为1.52 mg/g;接骨木果含片的DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力和FRAP值分别为73.83μg TE/g、43.50μg TE/g和16.27μmol Fe(Ⅱ)/g,表现出良好的抗氧化能力;接骨木果含片干预后,延长了小鼠的游泳时长,提高了小鼠的血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原、SOD和ATP的含量,降低了小鼠体内BUN和LA水平,表明接骨木果含片具有较高的抗疲劳能力。该研究为野生接骨木果的高值化利用、扩大其应用提供了理论依据。