Activity Data and Emission Factor for Forestry and Other Land Use Change Subsector to Enhance Carbon Market Policy and Action in Malawi

Activity data and emission factors are critical for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and devising effective climate change mitigation strategies. This study developed the activity data and emission factor in the Forestry and Other Land Use Change (FOLU) subsector in Malawi. The results indicate that “forestland to cropland,” and “wetland to cropland,” were the major land use changes from the year 2000 to the year 2022. The forestland steadily declined at a rate of 13,591 ha (0.5%) per annum. Similarly, grassland declined at the rate of 1651 ha (0.5%) per annum. On the other hand, cropland, wetland, and settlements steadily increased at the rate of 8228 ha (0.14%);5257 ha (0.17%);and 1941 ha (8.1%) per annum, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that the “grassland to forestland” changes were higher than the “forestland to grassland” changes, suggesting that forest regrowth was occurring. On the emission factor, the results interestingly indicate that there was a significant increase in carbon sequestration in the FOLU subsector from the year 2011 to 2022. Carbon sequestration increased annually by 13.66 ± 0.17 tCO2 e/ha/yr (4.6%), with an uncertainty of 2.44%. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is potential for a Carbon market in Malawi.

Database-Based Web Page

Database based web page which uses IIS4.0 + ASP + ADO + SQL7.0 is briefly introduced. It has been successfully used in E commerce, bulletin board system and chat room, and so on in the web site of Computer Center Hudong Campus, Tongji University.

Neutron activation cross section data library

To satisfy the requirements of nuclear reaction cross sections in nuclear engineering applications and nuclear physics studies,the Neutron Activation Cross Section Data Library has been established.818 target nuclei including unstable target or isomeric target nuclei are considered in this library.The induced neutron energy range region is between 10^(-5)eV and 20 MeV.The standard ENDF-6 format is adopted,including general information,reaction cross sections,multiplicities,and so on.The recommended reaction cross sections were obtained using UNF code system and FDRR nuclear model codes or systematic analysis based on available experimental data.

Classification of ice and water in the Arctic using radar altimeter and microwave radiometer data from HY-2B satellite

Several Chinese marine satellites have been launched in recent years.Monitoring sea ice and the ocean in the Arctic is of great importance for climate research.Sea ice in the Arctic has changed rapidly during the past few decades with respect to the extent and thickness.In this study,we applied combined passive and active microwave data from the Chinese HaiYang-2B(HY-2B)satellite to classify ice and sea water in the Arctic.We use data from a radar altimeter(RA)and a calibration microwave radiometer(CMR)to discriminate between ice and water by applying several approaches(1)the single parameter threshold criteria,(2)the multi-parameters linear segmentations and(3)the K-means clustering.The results yielded by these methods were in good agreement(classification accuracy>95%)with the Satellite Application Facility on Ocean and Sea Ice products between November and April.For other months(May–October),however,the agreement was less good(lowest classification accuracy approximate 85%in summer).A hybrid approach combined with graphical ice edges detection and microwave radar waveform analysis is therefore developed.A visual comparison with SAR images suggested the hybrid approach results greatly improved the ice and water discrimination in summer.This study demonstrated that multi-sensors(RA and CMR)configurations from HY satellites can offer comparable polar earth observation to the European Space Agency and NOAA satellite products.

Current Climate Data Rescue Activities in Australia

1. Introduction Recovering historical instrumental climate data is crucial for identifying long-term climate variability and change, putting present climate into context and constraining future climate projections （Brunet and Jones, 2011）. In other words, to understand the future, we need to improve our understanding of the past.

Latitudinal migration of sunspots based on the ESAI database

The latitudinal migration of sunspots toward the equator,which implies there is propagation of the toroidal magnetic flux wave at the base of the solar convection zone,is one of the crucial observational bases for the solar dynamo to generate a magnetic field by shearing of the pre-existing poloidal magnetic field through differential rotation.The Extended time series of Solar Activity Indices（ESAI）elongated the Greenwich observation record of sunspots by several decades in the past.In this study,ESAI＇s yearly mean latitude of sunspots in the northern and southern hemispheres during the years 1854 to 1985 is utilized to statistically test whether hemispherical latitudinal migration of sunspots in a solar cycle is linear or nonlinear.It is found that a quadratic function is statistically significantly better at describing hemispherical latitudinal migration of sunspots in a solar cycle than a linear function.In addition,the latitude migration velocity of sunspots in a solar cycle decreases as the cycle progresses,providing a particular constraint for solar dynamo models.Indeed,the butterfly wing pattern with a faster latitudinal migration rate should present stronger solar activity with a shorter cycle period,and it is located at higher latitudinal position,giving evidence to support the Babcock-Leighton dynamo mechanism.

建筑全生命周期碳排放——内涵、计算和减量

The life-cycle assessment method,which originates from general products and services,has gradually come to be applied to investigations of the life-cycle carbon emissions(LCCE)of buildings.A literature review was conducted to clarify LCCE implications,calculations,and reductions in the context of buildings.A total of 826 global building carbon emission calculation cases were obtained from 161 studies based on the framework of the building life-cycle stage division stipulated by ISO 21930 and the basic principles of the emission factor(EF)approach.The carbon emission calculation methods and results are discussed herein,based on the modules of production,construction,use,end-of-life,and supplementary benefits.According to the hotspot distribution of a building’s carbon emissions,carbon reduction strategies are classified into six groups for technical content and benefits analysis,including reducing the activity data pertaining to building materials and energy,reducing the carbon EFs of the building materials and energy,and exploiting the advantages of supplementary benefits.The research gaps and challenges in current building LCCE studies are summarized in terms of research goals and ideas,calculation methods,basic parameters,and carbon reduction strategies;development suggestions are also proposed.

数据容灾技术在重要信息系统中的应用

随着信息化建设的逐步发展,数据库作为整个信息网络化最重要基础组成部分,其地位和作用越来越突出。经权威技术部门统计,影响业务系统宕机的主要原因有:硬件故障占44%、人为错误占32%、软件故障占14%、病毒影响占7%、自然灾难占3%.。上述这些问题都会给信息化的进程造成种种障碍,进一步影响了信息系统连续使用的可用性。为了进一步提高信息系统的可用性、可靠性和安全性,笔者在设计重要信息系统时,把数据容灾作为首要的项目重点进行实施,以保证在任何危机的时刻,信息系统都能保证其业务工作的稳定运转。数据容灾作为高可用性的一部分,在高可用性设计中是必不可少的。容灾建设,就是在复杂的环境中,以保证业务的连续性为目的,根据项目的需求去定制最佳的容灾方案,是一个业务和技术相结合,高度冗余的信息网络化基础组成部分。

对空信息通信台站供配电数据采集系统设计

供配电系统工况稳定是对空信息通信台站保持稳定高效运行的基础和前提条件。对空信息通信台站服务区域广阔、分布离散、数量庞大,亟需设计一种集中式的供配电数据采集系统对下属的对空信息通信台站供配电系统工况进行实时监控和管理。基于声卡模数转换单元获取供配电系统工况,综合应用云存储、Active Data Object接口、TCP/IP协议Socket程序、服务端多线程等技术,设计了一种数据采集系统,实现对各个站点供配电数据的采集、存储、查询和分析。相较于现有技术具有精度高、信息粒度小的优势,可支撑配电系统工况大数据挖掘分析应用。

互联网医疗在我国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控中的探索与实践

从控制传染源、切断传播途径、保护易感人群3个关键环节分析互联网医疗在此次疫情防控中的应用价值和典型场景:基于大数据和云计算技术实施主动监测,识别预警疑似病例;互联网医院简化服务流程,开展远程会诊和药事服务,减少人员聚集交叉感染;基于云平台实现门诊全流程自助服务和病历无纸化管理。梳理我国互联网医疗建设过程中遇到的瓶颈并提出发展建议,为突发公共卫生事件应急响应信息化建设提供参考。

Wavelet Analysis of Several Important Periodic Properties in the Relative Sunspot Numbers

We investigate the wavelet transform of yearly mean relative sunspot number series from 1700 to 2002. The curve of the global wavelet power spectrum peaks at 11-yr, 53-yr and 101-yr periods. The evolution of the amplitudes of the three periods is studied. The results show that around 1750 and 1800, the amplitude of the 53-yr period was much higher than that of the the 11-yr period, that the ca. 53-yr period was apparent only for the interval from 1725 to 1850, and was very low after 1850, that around 1750, 1800 and 1900, the amplitude of the 101-yr period was higher than that of the 11-yr period and that, from 1940 to 2000, the 11-yr period greatly dominates over the other two periods.

Phase analysis of sunspot group numbers on both solar hemispheres

Cross-correlation analysis and wavelet transform methods are proposed to investigate the phase relationship between the monthly sunspot group numbers in the solar northern and southern hemispheres. It is found that （1） the monthly sunspot group numbers in the northern hemisphere begin two months earlier than those in the southern one, which should lead to phase asynchrony between them but with a slight effect; （2） the Schwabe cycle length for the monthly sunspot group numbers in the two hemispheres obviously differs from each other, and the mean Schwabe cycle length of the monthly sunspot group numbers in the northern hemisphere is slightly larger than that in the southern one; （3） the monthly sunspot group numbers in the northern hemisphere precede those in the southern hemisphere during the years of about 1874- 1927, after which, the southern hemisphere leads the northern hemisphere in the years 1928-1964, and then the northern hemisphere leads in time till the present.

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.

Long-term variation time scales in OJ 287

The light curve data from 1894 to 2008 are compiled for the BL Lacertae object OJ 287 from the available literature. Periodicity analysis methods （the Discrete Correlation Function-DCF, the Jurkevich method, the power spectral （Fourier） analysis, and the CLEANest method） are performed to search for possible periodicites in the light curve of OJ 287. Significance levels are given for the possible periods. The analysis results confirm the existence of the 12.2 ± 0.6 yr time scale and show a hint of a -53 yr time scale. The 12.2 ± 0.6 yr period is used as the orbital period to investigate the supermassive binary black hole system parameters.

SOME THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF Pd-In ALLOYS

Some thermodynamic parnmeters of Pd-In alloys with 2 to 70 at. H indium have been determined in the temperuture range 800 to 1000℃ from e.m.f measurements ongalvanic cells with an onsen-cotzducting solid electrolyte. Heats of tnising calculated hem the activities are in excellent agreement with calorimetric data. The relative partial excess hee enengy of indiurn assumes unnsually larpe negative values ap to-174kJ/mol for Pd-rich alloys. Two efficts are discussed to account for the non-idealproperties: The rise Of Fermi enerpy as the valence electron8 of indium enter the 4dand 5sP bands of the alloy and the lattice distortion brought about by the differentmolar volumes of the cofnponents. The rise of the Fermi enerpy, as determlned fromthe activity data, indicates a strict adherence of the alloys to the rigid band model.

Long-term hemispheric variation of the flare index

The long-term hemispheric variation of the flare index is investigated. It is found that, （1） the phase difference of the flare index between the northern and southern hemispheres is about 6-7 months, which is near the time delay between flare activity and sunspot activity; （2） both the dominant and phase-leading hemisphere of the flare index is the northern hemisphere in the considered time interval, implying that the hemispheric asynchrony of solar activity has a close connection with the N-S asymmetry of solar activity.

Optical monitoring of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 and possible periodicities in its historical light curve

We report B, V and R band CCD photometry of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 obtained with the 1.0m telescope at Weihai Observatory of Shandong University and the 1.56 m telescope at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory from 2005 December to 2013 February. Combining all available data from literature, we have constructed a historical light curve from 1910 to 2013 to study the periodicity of the source using three different methods （the Jurkevich method, the Lomb-Scargle periodogram method and the Discrete Correlation Function method）. We find possible periods of P1 = 4 ± 0.1,/92 = 7.5 ±0.3 and P3 = 15.9± 0.3 yr.

Low-dimensional chaos and fractal properties of long-term sunspot activity

Two primary solar-activity indicators- sunspot numbers （SNs） and sunspot areas （SAs） in the time interval from November 1874 to December 2012 - are used to determine the chaotic and fractal properties of solar activity. The results show that （1） the long-term solar activity is governed by a low-dimensional chaotic strange attractor, and its fractal motion shows a long-term persistence on large scales; （2） both the fractal dimension and maximal Lyapunov exponent of SAs are larger than those of SNs, implying that the dynamical system of SAs is more chaotic and complex than SNs; （3） the predictions of solar activity should only be done for short- to mid-term behaviors due to its intrinsic complexity; moreover, the predictability time of SAs is obviously smaller than that of SNs and previous results.

Periodicity in the most violent solar eruptions: recent observations of coronal mass ejections and flares revisited

Using the Hilbert-Huang Transform method, we investigate the periodic- ity in the monthly occurrence numbers and monthly mean energy of coronal mass ejections （CMEs） observed by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment on board the Solar and Heliographic Observatory from 1999 March to 2009 December. We also investigate the periodicity in the monthly occurrence numbers of Hα flares and monthly mean flare indices from 1996 January to 2008 December. The results show the following. （1） The period of 5.66 yr is found to be statistically significant in the monthly occurrence numbers of CMEs; the period of 10.5 yr is found to be statistically significant in the monthly mean energy of CMEs. （2） The periods of 3.05 and 8.70 yr are found to be statistically significant in the monthly occurrence numbers of Hα flares; the period of 9.14 yr is found to be statistically significant in the monthly mean flare indices.

An integrated virtual geographic environmental simulation framework:a case study of flood disaster simulation

Dynamic flood disaster simulation is an emerging and promising technology significantly useful in urban planning,risk assessment,and integrated decision support systems.It is still an important issue to integrate the large assets such as dynamic observational data,numerical flood simulation models,geographic information technologies,and computing resources into a unified framework.For the intended end user,it is also a holistic solution to create computer interpretable representations and gain insightful understanding of the dynamic disaster processes,the complex impacts,and interactions of disaster factors.In particular,it is still difficult to access and join harmonized data,processing algorithms,and models that are provided by different environmental information infrastructures.In this paper,we demonstrate a virtual geographic environments-based integrated environmental simulation framework for flood disaster management based on the notion of interlinked resources,which is capable of automated accumulating and manipulating of sensor data,creating dynamic geo-analysis and three-dimensional visualizations of ongoing geo-process,and updating the contents of simulation models representing the real environment.The prototype system is evaluated by applying it as a proof of concept to integrate in situ weather observations,numerical weather and flood disaster simulation models,visualization,and analysis of the real time flood event.Case applications indicate that the developed framework can be adopted for use by decision-makers for short-term planning and control since the resulting simulation and visualization are completely based on the latest status of environment.