Analysis of electrical performances of planar active phased array antennas with distorted array plane

The influence of the distorted plane of the active phased array antenna on the electromagnetic performance is of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. On the bent and bowl-shape distortion, the model is established of the relationship between the electromagnetic performance and the position error of the radiated elements. The method is presented of analyzing the far-field pattern of the distorted rectangular active phased array antenna. The analysis results of a planar phased array antenna with different distortions grades prove the validity of the model. Therefore, by the method, the antenna designers may set the reasonable requirement on the structural tolerance in manufacturing antenna.

Design and Implementation of An Active Multibeam Antenna System with 64 RF Channels and 256 Antenna Elements for Massive MIMO Application in 5G Wireless Communications

This paper focuses on the design and implementation of an active multibeam antenna system for massive MIMO applications in 5G wireless communications.The highly integrated active multibeam antenna system is designed and implemented at 5.8 GHz with 64 RF Channels and 256 antenna elements.The 64-channel highly integrated active multibeam antenna system provides a verification platform for digital beamforming algorithm and massive MIMO channel estimation for next generation wireless communications.

Beam shaping with limited amplitude weight values for satellite active phased array antenna

To gain the tradeoff between lower sidelobe and higher power amplifiers efficiency,a transmitting beam shaping scheme with limited amplitude weight values for satellite active phased array antenna is presented. The scheme is implemented by a dual coding genetic algorithm(GA). Phase and amplitude of array weight vectors for beam shaping are encoded by real coding and finite length binary coding,respectively,which,maintaining accuracy of results,reduces the amplitude dynamic range and improves the efficiency of power amplifiers. The presented algorithm,compared with complex-coded GA,increases the convergence rate due to the search space's decrease. In order to overcome the prematurity and obtain better global optimization or quasi-global optimization,a new dual coding GA based on "species diversity retention" strategy and adaptive crossover and mutation probability are presented.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STEP AMPLITUDE QUANTIZATION WEIGHTED 2-D SOLID-STATE ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS

An aperture design technique using multi-step amplitude quantization for two-dimensional solid-state active phased arrays to achieve low sidelobe is described. It can be applied to antennas with arbitrary complex aperture. Also, the gain drop and sidelobe degradation due to random amplitude and phase errors and element (or T/R module) failures are investigated.

A Quantitative Method for Active Fault Migration Distance Assessment on both Sides of Mid-Ocean Ridges——Based on Multi-Beam Data

Fracture-fissure systems found at mid-ocean ridges are dominating conduits for the circulation of metallogenic fluid.Ascertaining the distribution area of active faults on both sides of mid-ocean ridges will provide a useful tool in the search for potential hydrothermal vents,thus guiding the exploration of modern seafloor sulfides.Considering the MidAtlantic Ridge 20°N–24°N(NMAR)and North Chile Rise(NCR)as examples,fault elements such as Fault Spacing(?S)and Fault Heave(?X)can be identified and quantitatively measured.The methods used include Fourier filtering of the multi-beam bathymetry data,in combination with measurements of the topographic slope,curvature,and slope aspect patterns.According to the Sequential Faulting Model of mid-ocean ridges,the maximal migration distance of an active fault on either side of mid-ocean ridges—that is,the distribution range of active faults—can be measured.Results show that the maximal migration distance of active faults at the NMAR is 0.76–1.01 km(the distance is larger at the center than at the ends of this segment),and at the NCR,the distribution range of active faults is 0.38–1.6 km.The migration distance of active faults on the two study areas is positively related to the axial variation of magma supply.In the NCR study area,where there is an abundant magma input,the number of faults within a certain distance is mainly affected by the variation of lithospheric thickness.Here a large range of faulting clearly corresponds to a high proportion of magmatism to seafloor spreading near mid-ocean ridges(M)value,and in the study area of the NMAR,there is insufficient magmatism,and the number of faults may be controlled by both lithospheric thickness and magma supply,leading to a less obvious positive correlation between the distribution range of active faults and M.

Review of dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antenna

Large-scale space membrane antennas have significant potential in satellite communication,space-based early warning,and Earth observation.Because of their large size and high flexibility,the dynamic analysis and control of membrane antenna are challenging.To maintain the working performance of the antenna,the pointing and surface accuracies must be strictly maintained.Therefore,the accurate dynamic modeling and effective active control of large-scale space membrane antennas have great theoretical significance and practical value,and have attracted considerable interest in recent years.This paper reviews the dynamics and active control of large-scale space membrane antennas.First,the development and status of large-scale space membrane antennas are summarized.Subsequently,the key problems in the dynamics and active control of large membrane antennas,including the dynamics of wrinkled membranes,large-amplitude nonlinear vibration,nonlinear model reduction,rigid-flexible-thermal coupling dynamic modeling,on-orbit modal parameter identification,active vibration control,and wave-based vibration control,are discussed in detail.Finally,the research outlook and future trends are presented.

Adaptive Antenna-Activation Based Beamforming for Large-Scale MIMO Communication Systems of High Speed Railway

Large-scale array aided beamforming improves the spectral efficiency(SE) as a benefit of high angular resolution.When dual-beam downlink beamforming is applied to the train moving towards cell edge,the inter-beam ambiguity(IBA) increases as the directional difference between beams becomes smaller.An adaptive antenna activation based beamforming scheme was proposed to mitigate IBA.In the district near the base station(BS),all antenna elements(AEs) were activated to generate two beams.As the distance from the train to the BS increased,only the minimum number of AEs satisfying the resolution criterion would be activated.At the cell edge,one beam was switched off due to intolerable IBA.The proposed scheme can achieve SE gain to the non-adaptive scheme and show more robustness against the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation error.

Handover initiation performance of a new multi-cell cellular configuration with a developed base-station multi-beam antenna

A new multi-cell cellular configuration networks is provided for analysis of handover initiation probability, which is based on multi-beam base-station antenna splitting in the elevation-radiating plane. The sum of the received signal power in the mobile station, including both desired and interference signal power, has been introduced into the handover initiation algorithm. Along with the idea, we present three models of handover initiation algorithm with the shadowing process of Gaussian distribution. The formulation of handover initiation probability of those algorithms is also analyzed. The validity of the presented models has been checked through the comparison with simulation results. The results present the performance characteristics of handover initiation vary with cluster number and base-station antenna elevation angle.

Impact of Phase Noise on TDMS Based Calibration for Spaceborne Multi-Beam Antennas

For spaceborne multi-beam antennas(MBAs), time division multiplexed switching(TDMS) based calibration receiver can reduce implementation costs effectively and is very suitable for large-scale applications. However, in practice, random phase noise imposed by noisy local oscillators can cause significant performance degradation in TDMS-based calibration systems. Characterization of phase noise effects is therefore crucial for practical applications. In this paper, we analyze the impact of phase noise on the calibration performance for a MBA system. Specifically, we derive the relationship between the probability of correct amplitude/phase estimation and various practical factors involving the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), the standard deviation of phase noise, the given tolerance region, and the length of the spreading code. The results provide high efficiency for evaluating the calibration performance of the MBAs based on TDMS, especially for precisely anticipating the impact of phase noise. Finally, the accuracy of the derived results is assessed by simulations in different scenarios.

一种有源天线温度试验自动测试系统设计

某型有源天线批生产产品数量多,由于温度试验周期长,温度试验成为天线均衡高效生产的一个瓶颈环节。为解决生产需求,研制一种天线专用温度测试系统。分析了天线温度试验测试项目和测试原理,梳理现有测试设备测试效率低下的原因,集中讨论了研制设备硬件组成、测试功能、软件设计和自动化要求,重点研究了屏蔽装置以及对接工装的设计。研制的测试系统基于VS2015软件,通过上位机控制电源切换单元、波控切换单元和射频切换单元完成产品分时自动测试。研制屏蔽装置,不仅完成了天线在温箱内接收和发射功能测试,还保证了测试结果的真实有效。设计对接夹具,方便产品对接和更换。该温度测试系统具有测试时间短、测试产品多、自动化程度高的优点,在生产线投入使用后,效果良好,解决了天线温度生产瓶颈。

基于有源匹配技术的EMC测试天线设计与实现

针对低频段无源小型化EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility)测试天线多为电小天线导致的天线系数高以及测试灵敏度低的问题,文中基于有源匹配技术分别对加载负阻变换电路和场效应管高阻输入电路的电小天线进行仿真分析。结果表明,场效应管高阻输入电路在降低天线系数和电路稳定性方面均优于负阻变换电路,有助于EMC测试天线的小型化设计和实现。加载场效应管高阻输入匹配电路的小型化EMC测试天线的测试结果表明,在2~30 MHz频带内,与未加载场效应管高阻输入匹配电路的EMC测试天线相比,该天线系数改善可达22~46 dB。

基于特征模理论的机载微带有源二元阵列天线降耦技术

针对机载微带有源阵列天线单元间的互耦问题,提出了一种基于特征模理论的降耦方法。首先,通过分析天线单元被激励起的特征模式,筛选出工作模式和非工作模式;然后,根据阵列的结构、非工作模式的模式权重系数和特征远场方向图,分析出频带内对互耦贡献大的非工作模式;最后,通过抑制这些模式实现互耦降低,同时减少对工作模式的影响以保证天线性能。设计了频带为2.19 GHz~2.32 GHz的微带天线单元,通过对贴片修形、设置金属柱等措施抑制频带内对互耦贡献大的非工作模式。将改进前后的单元组成微带二元阵进行仿真,结果表明:改进后的二元阵,在整个频带内的S 21降低了3 dB以上、增益损失可接受、交叉极化得到改善。该方法为机载大型微带有源阵列天线的有效降耦提供了一条新思路。

基于SCNs的大口径陆基有源相控阵天线变形重构方法

复杂的服役环境会导致相控阵雷达阵面产生变形,降低雷达的探测威力。随着有源相控阵天线向着大口径、高频段、高增益方向不断发展,结构变形对雷达性能的影响更为严重。因此要保障雷达天线“看”得更清、“看”得更准,需要实时感知阵面状态以弥补天线电性能的损失。本文针对高频段大口径陆基有源相控阵天线,提出了基于随机配置网络(Stochastic Configuration Networks,SCNs)的阵面变形重构算法。首先,对大口径陆基有源相控阵天线的结构进行了分析,指出导致天线结构变形的主要因素以及结构变形对电性能的影响机理;然后,基于SCNs建立有源相控阵天线阵面变形重构模型;最后,通过大量实验数据揭示结构应变与位移的隐性关系,验证所提出的方法满足高频段天线阵面高精度重构要求。

混合面板反射面天线促动器布局与结构优化设计

文中针对大型主动主反射面天线在满足工程精度要求时存在形面精度冗余和成本高昂的问题,提出一种主动面板和非主动面板混合安装的反射面天线设计思想。首先,基于反射面变形区间安装主动面板和非主动面板,分析混合面板反射面天线的形面调控策略;然后,分别以天线质量为约束、以天线形面精度为目标以及以天线形面精度为约束、以天线质量为目标进行天线结构优化设计。结果,某35m反射面天线在满足精度要求的情况下背架结构质量下降了20.4%,在满足背架结构质量要求的情况下形面精度提升了18.7%。这充分证明了该设计思想在大口径、高精度反射面天线设计中的可行性和有效性。

基于非福斯特电路的缝隙电小天线研究

无源电小天线遵循Bode-Fano约束准则,体积、带宽与效率互相构成约束关系,难以在小型化的同时实现宽频带。而通过非福斯特电路等效的负阻抗元件可以有效抵消电小天线的大电抗,从而突破上述准则的限制,提高天线的辐射性能。文中选用蝶形缝隙天线作为非福斯特电路匹配的对象,将电路焊接在天线的背面进行一体化设计,使有源天线的集成度更高。并通过仿真分析有源蝶形天线一体化后的馈电网络,比较了不同馈电位置与馈电方式对天线性能的影响。最终优化后的有源缝隙天线在250 MHz~850 MHz的工作频段内S 11参数均小于-10 dB,在谐振频率达到-24 dB时,相对带宽对比匹配前提升了109%,增益提升了5.8 dB。对该有源天线进行了加工测试,实测结果与仿真结果基本一致。

整车环境对天线性能影响的研究

汽车的智能化和网联化对车载天线的性能提出了更高的要求。传统测试方法仅仅是在微波暗室内检测天线单体的性能,并没有考虑天线装车后汽车周边电磁环境、车身结构、安装位置等因素,因此,并不能直观准确的反映整车级天线性能。文章利用仿真和整车OTA暗室等手段,对车载天线性能进行测试。研究发现,电磁环境、车身结构、安装位置等因素均对整车级天线性能有较大影响。此研究结果对车载天线设计和安装有一定指导意义。

基于Qt的天线测量系统开发与应用

天线测量是天线研制最后一个阶段,在整个产品周期中必不可少。本文以有源相控阵天线快速测量为目标,包含远场通道幅度相位测量和天线远场方向图测量,开发测试系统,并将测试仪器与伺服转台联动,采用QT设计测量界面,实现自动化测量。这样既可以提高测量效率,又可以将测试代码轻松移植到其他平台。

主动主反射面天线促动器调整量计算与误差分析

主动主反射面天线通过调整安装在面板下方的促动器来提高表面精度,现有的促动器调整量计算方法多数忽略了面板弹性变形对调整精度的影响。文中通过力学仿真模拟来表征促动器调整过程对面板自身弹性变形的影响。首先,构建单块反射面面板变形拟合模型,并对拟合模型的权重进行优化,进而推导出整个反射面的变形拟合模型;其次,考虑到实际工程中相邻面板共用促动器,因此对促动器编号进行归并,进而推导出相邻面板共用促动器时促动器最佳调整量的计算模型。为了验证面板变形拟合模型的计算精度,分别从拟合模型的变形表征能力和促动器调整量的计算精度两个方面开展仿真验证工作,并从促动器调整误差和促动器故障两个方面分析促动器调整误差对反射面调整精度的影响,为工程中评估促动器调整精度提供参考。

基于有源超表面天线罩的窄截面方向图可重构天线

针对无人机数据链通信存在抗干扰性能差、防捕获能力弱等问题,提出了一种具有良好气动性能的基于有源超表面天线罩的窄截面方向图可重构天线。该天线由宽带平面印刷全向天线、窄截面有源超表面天线罩以及双频阻抗匹配网络组成。当超表面天线罩上二极管均截止(未加偏置电压)时,天线罩处于全透波状态,天线工作于宽带全向通信模式。当超表面天线罩特定区域二极管导通时,该区域天线罩处于全屏蔽状态,天线工作于双频定向通信模式,此时通过引入双频阻抗匹配网络显著改善天线的阻抗匹配。全向通信模式下,天线相对带宽达到44.6%,全向增益可达1.37 dBi,不圆度小于2.5 dBi;定向模式下,双频天线上下频带分别为1.4 GHz和1.8 GHz,相对带宽分别为9.1%和15.3%,最大定向增益达5.2 dBi。该天线具有窄截面、低成本等优点,能够在宽带全向通信和双频定向通信工作模式之间灵活切换,有望提高无人机抗干扰、防捕获的性能。

一种新颖的宽频共缆微带分路器设计

随着有源相控阵天线技术的发展,天线设备同系统中的收发终端需要通过采用各类射频、数字和电源类型的线缆进行互联,采用宽频共缆传输技术可以有效降低工程成本和系统重量。设计了一种宽频共缆微带分路器,通过采用传输线的多级阻抗变换原理,在不用额外的滤波电路情况下,在射频工作频段内,总输入端口的电压驻波比小于1.8,通往射频分端口2的S_(21)大于-0.6 dB,通往控制分端口3和电流分端口4的S_(31)小于-45 dB和S_(41)小于-105 dB,实现了良好的隔离度和传输效果。该分路器具有设计简单、隔离度高、信号能量损耗小和易于调试的优点。