Low-complexity model predictive control of a four-level active neutral point clamped inverter without weighting factors

The four-level active neutral point clamped(ANPC)inverter has become increasingly widely used in the renewable energy indus-try since it offers one more voltage level without increasing the total number of active switches compared to the three-level ANPC inverter.The model predictive current control(MPCC)is a promising control method for multi-level inverters.However,the conven-tional MPCC suffers from high computational complexity and tedious weighting factor tuning in multi-level inverter applications.A low-complexity MPCC without weighting factors for a four-level ANPC inverter is proposed in this paper.The computational burden and voltage vector candidate set are reduced according to the relationship between voltage vector and neutral point voltage balance.The proposed MPCC shows excellent steady-state and dynamics performances while ensuring the neutral point voltage balancing.The efficacy of the proposed MPCC is verified by simulation and experimental results.

A novel SVPWM strategy considering neutral-point potential balancing for three-level NPC inverter

This paper proposes a novel SVPWM （space vector pulse width modulation） strategy for the three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source inverter, based on the particular disposition of all the redundant voltage vectors. The new modulation approach shows superior performance for harmonic voltage and balancing control of neutral-point potential compared to the popular eight-stage centered SVPWM. It realizes suppression of inverter neutral-point potential variation by accurately modifying redundant factor of small vectors pairs, only requiring information of DC-link capacitor voltages and three-phase load currents. This is convenient to apply and is compatible of digital computer realization. Feasibility of the proposed control approach is verified by simulation and experimental results.

Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System Based Decoupled Control for Neutral Point Clamped Multi Level Inverter Fed Induction Motor Dri

The presence of an integrator in a reference model of a rotor flux-based model reference adaptive system(RF-MRAS)and non-linearity of the inverter in the output voltage degrade the speed response of the sensorless operation of the electric drive system in terms of DC drift,initial value issues,and inaccurate voltage acquisition.To improve the speed response,a compensating voltage component is supplemented by an amending integrator.The compensating voltage is a coalition of drift and offset voltages,and reduces DC drift and initial value issues.During low-speed operation,inaccurate voltage acquisition distorts the stator voltage critically,and it becomes considerable when the stator voltage of the machine is low.Implementing a three-level neutral point clamped inverter in speed-sensorless decoupled control of an induction motor improves the performance of the drive with superior quality of inverter output voltage.Further,the performance of the induction motor drive is improved by replacing the proportional-integral(PI)controller in the adaption mechanism of RF-MRAS with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)controller.A prototype model of the three-level neutral point clamped inverter(3L-NPC)-fed induction motor drive is fabricated in a laboratory,and its performance for a RF-MRAS,modified RFMRAS,and modified RFMRAS using ANFIS are compared using different benchmark tests.

Improved VSVPWM Modulation Method for Three-level NPC Inverter in Rural Power Grid

With the acceleration of agricultural electrification,a lot of nonlinear and shock loads appear in the rural power grid,and the resulting harmonic and reactive currents pollute the rural power grid more and more seriously.To solve the above problem,three-level neutral point clamped(NPC)inverters have been widely used,but their development is greatly restricted by the defect of neutral point voltage imbalance.In this paper,an improved virtual space vector pulse width modulation(VSVPWM)was proposed.Firstly,the mathematical models of various space vectors were established,and the influence of various space vectors on neutral point voltage was analyzed.The sum of the vector current at the neutral point was zero and the voltage control at the neutral point was completed by.introducing the time offset into different switching times of the redundant small vector.This method was simple in design and avoided the redundant calculation of the traditional VSVPWM method and tedious switch sequence design.This balancing control strategy could greatly reduce the influence of virtual vectors on neutral point voltage and effectively control the low-frequency oscillation of neutral point voltage.The validity of the method was verified by establishing a matlab simulation model.

Model predictive control of three-level active front-end converter with low switching frequency

In medium voltage-high power(MV-HP)applications,the high switching frequency of power converter will result in unnecessary energy losses,which directly affect efficiency.To resolve this issue,a novel finite control set-model predictive control(FCS-MPC)with low switching frequency for three-level neutral point clamped-active front-end converters(NPC-AFEs)is proposed.With this approach,the prediction model of three-level NPC-AFEs is established inα-βreference frame,and the control objective of low average switching frequency is introduced into a cost function.The proposed method not only achieves the desired control performance under low switching frequency,but also performs the efficient operation for the three-level NPC-AFEs.The simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of proposed control scheme.

一种三相双输出有源中点钳位型三电平变换器

该文基于有源中点钳位型三电平变换器(ANPC-TLC)结构,通过每相增加两个开关管形成一种具有两组三相交流电压输出端口的双输出有源中点钳位型三电平变换器(DOANPC-TLC)拓扑。该文详细介绍DO-ANPC-TLC的拓扑结构,对其工作原理进行分析,研究其不同开关状态下的电流路径、输出相电压电平和各开关的电压应力。针对DO-ANPC-TLC结构特点及工作原理,应用一种双输出虚拟空间矢量脉宽调制(DO-VSVPWM)方法,能够独立控制两组交流输出,并保持直流链路电容电压平衡。为了进一步简化控制过程,研究一种基于载波的简化双输出虚拟空间矢量脉宽调制(CB-VSVPWM)策略,在器件损耗和总谐波畸变率(THD)方面,对所提出DO-ANPC-TLC的性能进行分析。实验结果验证了所提拓扑的可行性和调制策略的有效性。

电容电压平衡的四电平有源中性点钳位逆变器的改进模型预测电流控制

多电平有源中点钳位(ANPC)逆变器具有功率器件电压应力小、电流谐波低和器件损耗可调控等优点,被广泛应用于工业驱动中。针对四电平ANPC(4L-ANPC)逆变器的控制与调制研究相对较少,现有的调制方案实现复杂,中点电压(NPV)控制难度较大。因此,该文针对三相4L-ANPC逆变器,提出一种改进的有限集模型预测电流控制(FS-MPCC)算法,避免了复杂的调制过程。首先,使用仅包含电流误差的代价函数对位于六边形顶点的6个大电压矢量进行寻优;其次,对参与第一步寻优的大矢量划分扇区,使用包含电流误差和电容电压误差的代价函数对最优大矢量所在扇区的所有电压矢量滚动寻优,得到目标电压矢量并作用于逆变器;最后,仿真和实验结果表明,与传统的FS-MPCC相比,所提方法在降低系统计算负担的同时,还具有较好的控制性能和电容电压平衡能力。

基于SHEPWM的三电平三相逆变器中点电位主动平衡控制策略

在大功率系统中,常采用特定次谐波消除脉宽调制(SHEPWM)以降低系统的开关损耗。针对三电平中点钳位(NPC)型三相逆变器在SHEPWM下的中点电位偏移问题,分析SHEPWM下逆变器输出相电压基波与3次谐波在不同电压相位范围内对中点电位的影响,设计两种在基波周期内对中点电位总充放电效果相反的开关角组合方案,并提出一种通过测量中点电位偏移值及中点电位滞环控制,选择不同的开关角组合方案进行调制的中点电位主动平衡控制策略。实验结果验证了所提出方法的实用性及有效性。

高速磁浮背靠背三电平ANPC变流器中点电压偏移机理与协同控制策略

高速磁浮交通牵引变流器采用24 MVA背靠背三电平有源中点钳位拓扑,其中两台整流器和两台逆变器共用直流母线。该文分析整流侧和逆变侧在不同功率因数下中点电压(neutral point voltage,NPV)偏移机理及不同电压矢量对NPV的具体影响。据此,针对高速磁浮逆变器并联和串联两种模式,建立NPV偏移模型,得到在调制比和功率因数同时变化时NPV的可控区域。为在全速范围保证NPV平衡,提出一种基于平移调制波的协同控制策略。为减轻整流器功率因数和调制比对NPV的影响,采用一种具有相电压半波对称性的载波脉宽调制,并证明其具备NPV自平衡能力。仿真和硬件在环实验表明,所提策略具有NPV恢复到平衡状态所需时间短、可控范围大等优点,可在高速磁浮全速工况下保证NPV平衡。

基于SVPWM补偿优化的三电平NPC并网逆变器容错控制

为保证并网系统中三电平中点箝位(neutral point clamped,NPC)型并网逆变器单相桥臂短路或断路故障后持续运行,提出一种基于空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)的优化补偿型低共模电压容错控制策略。首先,通过分析故障后八开关三相逆变器(eight switch three phase inverters,ESTPI)拓扑开关状态对应的共模电压大小,确定参考电压矢量合成规则;然后,通过一个基波周期内中点电流情况分析中点电位波动机理,进而对空间矢量合成进行调节补偿;最后,设计低通滤波器和滞环控制器进一步对补偿进行优化调整,保证并网电流质量的同时有效抑制了直流母线中点电位偏移。仿真结果表明,该容错控制策略能够实现三电平NPC并网逆变器单相桥臂故障后并网系统的稳定可靠运行,每个基波周期有三分之一时间的共模电压得到改善,优化补偿后的并网电流质量显著提高,且在并网电流突变时具备良好的控制特性。

基于自适应滑模观测器的中点钳位型三电平并网逆变器开关管和电流传感器故障诊断

为提高中点钳位型三电平(3L-NPC)并网逆变器故障诊断的准确性和可靠性,针对其开关管开路故障和电流传感器故障,提出一种基于自适应滑模观测器的开关管开路故障和电流传感器故障同时诊断方法。该方法首先针对3L-NPC并网逆变器,设计一种收敛速度快且能显著抑制抖振的自适应滑模观测器来精确估计正常状态下的三相电流值;其次,利用实际电流和估计电流设计了故障检测变量;同时,利用实际三相电流之和以及估计三相电流之和来区分开关管故障和电流传感器故障;在此基础上,构造开关管故障定位变量和电流传感器故障识别变量,实现开关管开路故障的准确定位以及电流传感器故障类型的快速识别。实验结果验证了该文所提诊断算法的有效性和鲁棒性。

Adaptive perturb and observe maximum power point tracking with current predictive and decoupled power control for gridconnected photovoltaic inverters

In order to improve maximum power point tracking(MPPT) performance, a variable and adaptive perturb and observe(P&O)method with current predictive control is proposed. This is applied in three-phase threelevel neutral-point clamped(NPC) photovoltaic(PV)generation systems. To control the active power and the reactive power independently,the decoupled power control combined with a space vector modulation block is adopted for three-phase NPC inverters in PV generation systems.To balance the neutral-point voltage of the three-phase NPC grid-connected inverter, a proportional and integral control is used by adj usting the dwell time of small voltage vectors. A three-phase NPC inverter rated at 12 kVA was established. The performance of the proposed method was tested and compared with the fixed perturbation MPPT algorithm under different conditions. Experimental results confirm the feasibility and advantages of the proposed method.

五电平ANPC变换器多目标优化调制技术研究

针对五电平有源钳位型变换器现有的调制策略存在SPWM直流侧电压利用率低,中点电压控制的计算复杂,SVPWM数字化实现难度大等问题,研究了一种操作简单,满足电压利用率高、中点电位平衡、悬浮电容电压稳定、共模电压较小等多目标优化的五电平新型SPWM调制算法。首先通过研究SVPWM与SPWM的本质联系,将SVPWM等效至PD-SPWM,其次分析不影响中点电位平衡的共模电压抑制边界,重构五电平低幅值共模电压矢量空间,并采用注入零序电压自由选择开关序列、实时切换等效PD-SPWM种类等方法实现多目标优化。最后搭建了实验样机,应用仿真和实验等手段对多目标优化算法进行了验证,试验结果表明在保证中点电压平衡、悬浮电容电压稳定可控的同时,共模电压幅值减小约32.8%,表明了优化的有效性。

ANPC⁃5L逆变器电容电压平衡的优化算法

针对有源中点钳位五电平(ANPC⁃5L)逆变器在g-h坐标系的空间矢量脉宽(SVPWM)算法下的悬浮电容电压和直流电容中点电压发散问题,提出了一种建立边沿触发脉冲控制开关状态时间的方法,降低悬浮电容电压波动,减小直流侧电容电压偏移。通过悬浮电容电流波动导致悬浮电容电压偏移的原理,依据不同开关状态下输出相同的电平,且不同开关状态导致悬浮电容电流方向相反的原理,在一个完整周期内,使得悬浮电容电流相互抵消,降低悬浮电容电压波动。建立一种主动功率流动模型,通过减小悬浮电容电压波动来实现直流侧电容中点电压的平衡。最后,通过搭建仿真平台,对比应用所提方法前后ANPC⁃5L的电容电压平衡情况,使方法的有效性得到验证。

基于快速MPC的三相LCL并网NPC逆变器

针对三相LCL并网逆三电平中点钳位(Neutral Point Clamped,NPC)逆变器中有限集模型预测控制(Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Control,FCS-MPC)计算量大和控制速度慢导致NPC逆变器性能变差的问题,设计了一种快速模型预测控制方法。通过改变快速模型预测控制中参考电流电角度控制逆变器输出电流的相位,实现入网电流与电网同步;通过在冗余短矢量中选择合适的短矢量,实现直流侧中点电压平衡,减少计算量;通过缩小计算扇区,使快速模型预测控制仅在当前最优输出电压矢量附近进行寻优计算,进一步减少计算量。在MATLAB/SIMULINK中搭建了三相LCL并网NPC逆变器仿真模型,仿真结果验证了上述控制方法的快速性和可行性,运算速度提高了18.31%,入网电流总谐波失真(Total Harmonic Distortion,THD)值减少了2.38%。

基于零序电压注入的三电平NPC逆变器中点电位平衡控制方法

针对三电平中点箝位(NPC)逆变器的中点电位平衡控制问题,该文建立了基于零序电压注入的中点电位平衡控制模型,提出了所需注入零序电压的准确解析计算方法,并在此基础上提出了“预估-校验-修正”的实时控制算法。根据解析汁算结果,分析了中点电位平衡控制所受的限制,及由此决定的中点电位完全可控区域。针对6kV/1800kVA三电平调速系统的仿真结果表明所提算法是正确且有效的。

基于虚拟空间矢量的三电平NPC逆变器中点电压平衡控制方法

针对三电平中点钳位逆变器在不同的负载条件下,传统的最近三矢量合成方法中点电压存在不能平衡的区域,利用基于虚拟空间矢量的调制方法,当输出三相电流之和为零时,能实现对中点电压的完全控制。为了在扇区切换时输出矢量平稳过渡,提出了在每个大区内全部采用相同首发正小矢量或负小矢量的方法。构建了三电平中点钳位型逆变器实验平台,对基于虚拟空间矢量的三电平NPC逆变器中点电压平衡控制方法的有效性进行了验证。

NPC逆变器SHE-PWM开关角度的计算方法研究

以应用于高压变频调速装置中的三电平中点嵌位(Neutral Point Clamped)逆变器为研究对象,对特定消谐技术(Selected Harmonic Elimination PWM)的应用进行了分析与研究;针对用数值方法求解SHE-PWM开关角度时非线性方程组计算初值选择困难的情况,给出了采用解轨迹微分预估初值的计算方法,并总结了调制比m 0时的开关角度解初值公式;实际计算结果表明:该文提出的方法在数值计算中可以得到快速收敛和准确的结果,并通过计算结果分析了SHE-PWM技术应用于NPC逆变器时所能达到的最大调制比,且其计算结果得到实验验证。

基于线电压坐标系的ANPC-5L逆变器SVPWM算法的研究

在6～10kV的高压变频领域，与传统拓扑结构相比，有源中点箝位型五电平（active neutral-point-clampedfive-1evel，ANPC-5L）逆变器具有很高的实用价值。针对传统五电平逆变器空间矢量脉宽调制（spac evector pulse width modulation，SVPWM）控制算法复杂、计算量大等缺点，研究一种基于线电压坐标系的SVPWM控制算法，通过进行坐标变换，减少对基本矢量的确定步骤，简化基本矢量对应作用时间的求解过程，并将其应用到ANPC-5L逆变器中，通过实验波形和电流谐波分析证明控制算法的正确性。结合ANPC-5L逆变器和新控制算法的特点，提出一种高效的中点电压平衡的控制算法，通过对中点电位的检测和判断计算出所需的开关序列及复用矢量的作用时间比值，实现中点电流流入与流出的平衡，进而达到控制中点电压平衡的目的。实验结果证明了该中点控制算法有效性。

基于特定谐波消除PWM的三电平有源中点钳位逆变器共模电压抑制方法

带电机负载的逆变系统中,降低逆变器输出共模电压的幅值对预防定子绕组绝缘击穿、延长轴承寿命和减小电磁干扰等具有重要意义。以三相三电平有源中点钳位型逆变器为研究对象,分析了三相特定谐波消除脉宽调制(SHEPWM)输出开关状态产生的共模电压幅值及其对中点电压的影响,研究了SHEPWM方法的中点电压自平衡特性,提出了一种改进的SHEPWM控制策略。该控制策略在不影响消除线电压特定谐波及保持中点电压自平衡特性的前提下,能有效降低逆变器输出的共模电压幅值。最后搭建了三电平有源中点钳位型逆变器仿真和实验平台,并对提出的控制策略进行验证,实验结果证明了控制策略的有效性。