Transient response and its influence factors are investigated and a methodfor attenuating the transient response is developed by means of a time varying model.The system gain matrix is obtained by choosing weighting m...Transient response and its influence factors are investigated and a methodfor attenuating the transient response is developed by means of a time varying model.The system gain matrix is obtained by choosing weighting matrices and solving the timevarying Riccati equation. Control forces are applied to the system via a feed back loop.Comparisons of responses with and without control are made. The results show that thetransienl and steady state responses are significantly suppressed in the close loop systemand control forces are very small.展开更多
The interplay between mechanoresponses and a broad range of fundamental biological processes, such as cell cycle progression,growth and differentiation, has been extensively investigated. However, metabolic regulation...The interplay between mechanoresponses and a broad range of fundamental biological processes, such as cell cycle progression,growth and differentiation, has been extensively investigated. However, metabolic regulation in mechanobiology remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)—the primary glucose transporter in various cells—as a novel mechanosensitive gene in orthodontic tooth movement(OTM). Using an in vivo rat OTM model, we demonstrated the specific induction of Glut1 proteins on the compressive side of a physically strained periodontal ligament. This transcriptional activation could be recapitulated in in vitro cultured human periodontal ligament cells(PDLCs), showing a time-and dose-dependent mechanoresponse. Importantly, application of GLUT1 specific inhibitor WZB117 greatly suppressed the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse OTM model, and this reduction was associated with a decline in osteoclastic activities. A mechanistic study suggested that GLUT1 inhibition affected the receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B Ligand(RANKL)/osteoprotegerin(OPG)system by impairing compressive force-mediated RANKL upregulation. Consistently, pretreatment of PDLCs with WZB117 severely impeded the osteoclastic differentiation of co-cultured RAW264.7 cells. Further biochemical analysis indicated mutual regulation between GLUT1 and the MEK/ERK cascade to relay potential communication between glucose uptake and mechanical stress response. Together, these cross-species experiments revealed the transcriptional activation of GLUT1 as a novel and conserved linkage between metabolism and bone remodelling.展开更多
We previously found that oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration(OGSD/R) induces apoptosis of spinal cord astrocytes, possibly via caspase-12 and the integrated stress response, which involves protein kinase R-...We previously found that oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration(OGSD/R) induces apoptosis of spinal cord astrocytes, possibly via caspase-12 and the integrated stress response, which involves protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha(eIF2α) and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4). We hypothesized that edaravone, a low molecular weight, lipophilic free radical scavenger, would reduce OGSD/R-induced apoptosis of spinal cord astrocytes. To test this, we established primary cultures of rat astrocytes, and exposed them to 8 hours/6 hours of OGSD/R with or without edaravone(0.1, 1, 10, 100 μM) treatment. We found that 100 μM of edaravone significantly suppressed astrocyte apoptosis and inhibited the release of reactive oxygen species. It also inhibited the activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3, and reduced the expression of homologous CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, phosphorylated(p)-PERK, p-eIF2α, and ATF4. These results point to a new use of an established drug in the prevention of OGSD/R-mediated spinal cord astrocyte apoptosis via the integrated stress response.展开更多
Emodin [1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone] has been reported to exhibit vascular anti-inflammatory properties.However,the relevant anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not well understood.The present study was design...Emodin [1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone] has been reported to exhibit vascular anti-inflammatory properties.However,the relevant anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not well understood.The present study was design to explore the molecular target(s) of emodin展开更多
The fault activation (fault on) interrupts the enduring fault locking (fault off) and marks the end of a seismic cycle in which the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) acts as a sort of switch. We suggest that the ...The fault activation (fault on) interrupts the enduring fault locking (fault off) and marks the end of a seismic cycle in which the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) acts as a sort of switch. We suggest that the fluid flow rates differ during the different periods of the seismic cycle (interseismic, pre-seismic, coseismic and post-seismic) and in particular as a function of the tectonic style. Regional examples indicate that tectonic-related fluids anomalies depend on the stage of the tectonic cycle and the tectonic style. Although it is difficult to model an increasing permeability with depth and several BDT transitions plus independent acquicludes may occur in the crust, we devised the simplest numerical model of a fault constantly shearing in the ductile deeper crust while being locked in the brittle shallow layer, with variable homogeneous permeabilities. The results indicate different behaviors in the three main tectonic settings. In tensional tectonics, a stretched band antithetic to the normal fault forms above the BDT during the interseismic period. Fractures close and fluids are expellecl during the coseismic stage. The mechanism reverses in compressional tectonics. During the interseismic stage, an over-compressed band forms above the BDT. The band dilates while rebounding in the coseismic stage and attracts fluids locally. At the tip lines along strike-slip faults, two couples of subvertical bancls show different behavior, one in dilationJcompression and one in compressionJdilation. This deformation pattern inverts during the coseismic stage. Sometimes a pre-seismic stage in which fluids start moving may be observed and could potentially become a precursor.展开更多
This study presents the use of chicken eggshells waste utilizing palm kernel shell based activated carbon(PKSAC) through the modification of their surface to enhance the adsorption capacity of H2S. Response surface ...This study presents the use of chicken eggshells waste utilizing palm kernel shell based activated carbon(PKSAC) through the modification of their surface to enhance the adsorption capacity of H2S. Response surface methodology technique was used to optimize the process conditions and they were found to be: 500 mg/L for H2S initial concentration, 540 min for contact time and 1 g for adsorbent mass. The impacts of three arrangement factors(calcination temperature of impregnated activated carbon(IAC), the calcium solution concentration and contact time of calcination) on the H2S removal efficiency and impregnated AC yield were investigated. Both responses IAC yield(IACY, %) and removal efficiency(RE, %) were maximized to optimize the IAC preparation conditions. The optimum preparation conditions for IACY and RE were found as follows: calcination temperature of IAC of 880 ℃, calcium solution concentration of 49.3% and calcination contact time of 57.6 min, which resulted in 35.8% of IACY and 98.2% RE. In addition, the equilibrium and kinetics of the process were investigated. The adsorbent was characterized using TGA, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, and BET. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 543.47 mg/g. The results recommended that the composite of PKSAC and Ca O could be a useful material for H2S containing wastewater treatment.展开更多
Simultaneous and distinguishable detection of external stimuli such as light and temperature is of great interest for a variety of scientific and industrial applications.Theoretically,an organic semiconductor with low...Simultaneous and distinguishable detection of external stimuli such as light and temperature is of great interest for a variety of scientific and industrial applications.Theoretically,an organic semiconductor with low exciton binding energy,low thermal activation energy and good charge transporting property produces thermally enhanced photo-electric response in organic phototransistors(OPTs),which thus provides an ideal and effective way to realize the simultaneous and distinguishable detection of temperature and light.However,there is no report on such a kind of organic semiconductor until now.Herein,we designed and synthesized a narrow band gap organic small molecule semiconductor 2,5-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3,6-bis(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione(DPP-T-TPA)with low exciton binding energy(about 37 meV)and small activation energy(about 61 meV)for distinct thermal-dependence of charge carrier and exciton.The low exciton binding energy enables the semiconductor to exhibit strong thermal dependence of exciton dissociation,which contributes to the thermally-enhanced photo-electric response.Furthermore,the low thermal activation energy produces the weak thermal dependence of charge transport,which avoids the disturbance of thermally-modulated charge transport on photo-electric response.Benefiting from these two features,phototransistors based on DPP-T-TPA show great potential in simultaneous and distinguishable detection of light and temperature,which represents a novel and efficient way for bifunctional detection.展开更多
The adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of the biosorbent from waste activated sludge were investigated by adsorbing Pb2+and Zn2+in aqueous single-metal solutions. A p H value of the metal solutions at 6.0 was...The adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of the biosorbent from waste activated sludge were investigated by adsorbing Pb2+and Zn2+in aqueous single-metal solutions. A p H value of the metal solutions at 6.0 was beneficial to the high adsorption quantity of the biosorbent. The optimal mass ratio of the biosorbent to metal ions was found to be 2. A higher adsorption quantity of the biosorbent was achieved by keeping the reaction temperature below 55°C. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the biosorption processes, and the developed mathematical equations showed high determination coefficients(above 0.99 for both metal ions) and insignificant lack of fit(p = 0.0838 and 0.0782 for Pb2+and Zn2+, respectively). Atomic force microscopy analyses suggested that the metal elements were adsorbed onto the biosorbent surface via electrostatic interaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of complexation(between –NH2,-CN and metal ions) and ion-exchange(between –COOH and metal ions). The adsorption mechanisms could be the combined action of electrostatic interaction, complexation and ion-exchange between functional groups and metal ions.展开更多
Human activities involving noise emission can affect wild animals.European mink was exposed to road noise and human voice playbacks to analyze how sound intensity level and duration of both noises altered the time tha...Human activities involving noise emission can affect wild animals.European mink was exposed to road noise and human voice playbacks to analyze how sound intensity level and duration of both noises altered the time that individuals were active and if their fecal cortisol metabolite(FCM)levels varied.A Hierarchical Analysis Cluster was performed to establish 2 mink groups with respect to both noise source type:short duration/low intensity(SL)and long duration/high intensity(LH).We performed general linear mixed models to evaluate the variation in locomotor activity duration(s)and FCM(nanogram per gram)levels,respectively.The results showed both road noise and human voices decreased locomotor activity duration in SL more sharply compared with LH,and human voices were the triggers that induced the most pronounced response to both exposure conditions.FCM(ng/g)levels increased in SL compared with LH during road noise while the opposite happened during human voices.Differences based on sex and age of individuals were observed.In conclusion,noise characteristics given by the sound type determined the variations in locomotor activity duration while noise exposure level determined the variations in FCM(ng/g)levels.Attention should be paid to noisy activities(e.g.,recreational activities for visitors in protected natural areas)and loud groups of people to conserve wildlife,especially noise sensitive species.展开更多
Subject Code:C05 With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Wang Yanli(王艳丽)at the Key Laboratory of RNA Biology&CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolec...Subject Code:C05 With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Wang Yanli(王艳丽)at the Key Laboratory of RNA Biology&CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,recently reported that CRISPRC2c2protein has two distant catalytic sites responsible for its dual RNase activities in Cell(2017,168:121—134).展开更多
文摘Transient response and its influence factors are investigated and a methodfor attenuating the transient response is developed by means of a time varying model.The system gain matrix is obtained by choosing weighting matrices and solving the timevarying Riccati equation. Control forces are applied to the system via a feed back loop.Comparisons of responses with and without control are made. The results show that thetransienl and steady state responses are significantly suppressed in the close loop systemand control forces are very small.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (# 81502345 to Qian Li and #81470717 to Yanheng Zhou)the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (#2015DFB30040 to Yanheng Zhou)
文摘The interplay between mechanoresponses and a broad range of fundamental biological processes, such as cell cycle progression,growth and differentiation, has been extensively investigated. However, metabolic regulation in mechanobiology remains largely unexplored. Here, we identified glucose transporter 1(GLUT1)—the primary glucose transporter in various cells—as a novel mechanosensitive gene in orthodontic tooth movement(OTM). Using an in vivo rat OTM model, we demonstrated the specific induction of Glut1 proteins on the compressive side of a physically strained periodontal ligament. This transcriptional activation could be recapitulated in in vitro cultured human periodontal ligament cells(PDLCs), showing a time-and dose-dependent mechanoresponse. Importantly, application of GLUT1 specific inhibitor WZB117 greatly suppressed the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse OTM model, and this reduction was associated with a decline in osteoclastic activities. A mechanistic study suggested that GLUT1 inhibition affected the receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B Ligand(RANKL)/osteoprotegerin(OPG)system by impairing compressive force-mediated RANKL upregulation. Consistently, pretreatment of PDLCs with WZB117 severely impeded the osteoclastic differentiation of co-cultured RAW264.7 cells. Further biochemical analysis indicated mutual regulation between GLUT1 and the MEK/ERK cascade to relay potential communication between glucose uptake and mechanical stress response. Together, these cross-species experiments revealed the transcriptional activation of GLUT1 as a novel and conserved linkage between metabolism and bone remodelling.
基金supported by a grant from the Science&Technology Bureau of Changzhou City of China,No.CJ20130029
文摘We previously found that oxygen-glucose-serum deprivation/restoration(OGSD/R) induces apoptosis of spinal cord astrocytes, possibly via caspase-12 and the integrated stress response, which involves protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase(PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha(eIF2α) and activating transcription factor 4(ATF4). We hypothesized that edaravone, a low molecular weight, lipophilic free radical scavenger, would reduce OGSD/R-induced apoptosis of spinal cord astrocytes. To test this, we established primary cultures of rat astrocytes, and exposed them to 8 hours/6 hours of OGSD/R with or without edaravone(0.1, 1, 10, 100 μM) treatment. We found that 100 μM of edaravone significantly suppressed astrocyte apoptosis and inhibited the release of reactive oxygen species. It also inhibited the activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3, and reduced the expression of homologous CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, phosphorylated(p)-PERK, p-eIF2α, and ATF4. These results point to a new use of an established drug in the prevention of OGSD/R-mediated spinal cord astrocyte apoptosis via the integrated stress response.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,30700151Youth Investigator Fund from UESTC,Y02018023601062
文摘Emodin [1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone] has been reported to exhibit vascular anti-inflammatory properties.However,the relevant anti-inflammatory mechanisms are not well understood.The present study was design to explore the molecular target(s) of emodin
基金funding provided by the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri-Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) within the INGV-DPC 2007-2009 agreement (Project S1)Sapienza UniversityCNR-Eurocores-TopoEurope
文摘The fault activation (fault on) interrupts the enduring fault locking (fault off) and marks the end of a seismic cycle in which the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) acts as a sort of switch. We suggest that the fluid flow rates differ during the different periods of the seismic cycle (interseismic, pre-seismic, coseismic and post-seismic) and in particular as a function of the tectonic style. Regional examples indicate that tectonic-related fluids anomalies depend on the stage of the tectonic cycle and the tectonic style. Although it is difficult to model an increasing permeability with depth and several BDT transitions plus independent acquicludes may occur in the crust, we devised the simplest numerical model of a fault constantly shearing in the ductile deeper crust while being locked in the brittle shallow layer, with variable homogeneous permeabilities. The results indicate different behaviors in the three main tectonic settings. In tensional tectonics, a stretched band antithetic to the normal fault forms above the BDT during the interseismic period. Fractures close and fluids are expellecl during the coseismic stage. The mechanism reverses in compressional tectonics. During the interseismic stage, an over-compressed band forms above the BDT. The band dilates while rebounding in the coseismic stage and attracts fluids locally. At the tip lines along strike-slip faults, two couples of subvertical bancls show different behavior, one in dilationJcompression and one in compressionJdilation. This deformation pattern inverts during the coseismic stage. Sometimes a pre-seismic stage in which fluids start moving may be observed and could potentially become a precursor.
基金Funded by the Faculty of Chemical&Natural Resources Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Pahang through a Local Research Grant Scheme
文摘This study presents the use of chicken eggshells waste utilizing palm kernel shell based activated carbon(PKSAC) through the modification of their surface to enhance the adsorption capacity of H2S. Response surface methodology technique was used to optimize the process conditions and they were found to be: 500 mg/L for H2S initial concentration, 540 min for contact time and 1 g for adsorbent mass. The impacts of three arrangement factors(calcination temperature of impregnated activated carbon(IAC), the calcium solution concentration and contact time of calcination) on the H2S removal efficiency and impregnated AC yield were investigated. Both responses IAC yield(IACY, %) and removal efficiency(RE, %) were maximized to optimize the IAC preparation conditions. The optimum preparation conditions for IACY and RE were found as follows: calcination temperature of IAC of 880 ℃, calcium solution concentration of 49.3% and calcination contact time of 57.6 min, which resulted in 35.8% of IACY and 98.2% RE. In addition, the equilibrium and kinetics of the process were investigated. The adsorbent was characterized using TGA, XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX, and BET. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 543.47 mg/g. The results recommended that the composite of PKSAC and Ca O could be a useful material for H2S containing wastewater treatment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFA0703200,2016YFB0401100,2016YFA0200803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073210,21905199,21573277,51633006)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(19JCZDJC37400,194214030036,20JCQNJC01520)。
文摘Simultaneous and distinguishable detection of external stimuli such as light and temperature is of great interest for a variety of scientific and industrial applications.Theoretically,an organic semiconductor with low exciton binding energy,low thermal activation energy and good charge transporting property produces thermally enhanced photo-electric response in organic phototransistors(OPTs),which thus provides an ideal and effective way to realize the simultaneous and distinguishable detection of temperature and light.However,there is no report on such a kind of organic semiconductor until now.Herein,we designed and synthesized a narrow band gap organic small molecule semiconductor 2,5-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3,6-bis(5-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione(DPP-T-TPA)with low exciton binding energy(about 37 meV)and small activation energy(about 61 meV)for distinct thermal-dependence of charge carrier and exciton.The low exciton binding energy enables the semiconductor to exhibit strong thermal dependence of exciton dissociation,which contributes to the thermally-enhanced photo-electric response.Furthermore,the low thermal activation energy produces the weak thermal dependence of charge transport,which avoids the disturbance of thermally-modulated charge transport on photo-electric response.Benefiting from these two features,phototransistors based on DPP-T-TPA show great potential in simultaneous and distinguishable detection of light and temperature,which represents a novel and efficient way for bifunctional detection.
基金the support provided by China Scholarship Council, Sheng Yun-Fei College Students Scientific and Technological Innovation Fundthe National Science & Technology Pillar Program (No. 2013BAD21B03)
文摘The adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of the biosorbent from waste activated sludge were investigated by adsorbing Pb2+and Zn2+in aqueous single-metal solutions. A p H value of the metal solutions at 6.0 was beneficial to the high adsorption quantity of the biosorbent. The optimal mass ratio of the biosorbent to metal ions was found to be 2. A higher adsorption quantity of the biosorbent was achieved by keeping the reaction temperature below 55°C. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the biosorption processes, and the developed mathematical equations showed high determination coefficients(above 0.99 for both metal ions) and insignificant lack of fit(p = 0.0838 and 0.0782 for Pb2+and Zn2+, respectively). Atomic force microscopy analyses suggested that the metal elements were adsorbed onto the biosorbent surface via electrostatic interaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of complexation(between –NH2,-CN and metal ions) and ion-exchange(between –COOH and metal ions). The adsorption mechanisms could be the combined action of electrostatic interaction, complexation and ion-exchange between functional groups and metal ions.
基金This research was funded by the authors with help from Fundacion para la Investigacion en Etologıa y Biodiversidad(FIEB),who funded a small portion of the hormonal analyzes.
文摘Human activities involving noise emission can affect wild animals.European mink was exposed to road noise and human voice playbacks to analyze how sound intensity level and duration of both noises altered the time that individuals were active and if their fecal cortisol metabolite(FCM)levels varied.A Hierarchical Analysis Cluster was performed to establish 2 mink groups with respect to both noise source type:short duration/low intensity(SL)and long duration/high intensity(LH).We performed general linear mixed models to evaluate the variation in locomotor activity duration(s)and FCM(nanogram per gram)levels,respectively.The results showed both road noise and human voices decreased locomotor activity duration in SL more sharply compared with LH,and human voices were the triggers that induced the most pronounced response to both exposure conditions.FCM(ng/g)levels increased in SL compared with LH during road noise while the opposite happened during human voices.Differences based on sex and age of individuals were observed.In conclusion,noise characteristics given by the sound type determined the variations in locomotor activity duration while noise exposure level determined the variations in FCM(ng/g)levels.Attention should be paid to noisy activities(e.g.,recreational activities for visitors in protected natural areas)and loud groups of people to conserve wildlife,especially noise sensitive species.
文摘Subject Code:C05 With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team led by Prof.Wang Yanli(王艳丽)at the Key Laboratory of RNA Biology&CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules,Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,recently reported that CRISPRC2c2protein has two distant catalytic sites responsible for its dual RNase activities in Cell(2017,168:121—134).