Hybrid Passive/Active Vibration Control of a Loosely Connected Spacecraft System

In this paper,a hybrid passive/active vibration(HPAV)controller of a loosely connected spacecraft consisting of a servicing satellite,a target and an X-shape structure isolator is first proposed to suppress vibrations of the system when subjected to the impulsive external excitations during the on-orbit missions.The passive dynamic response of the combined system can be adjusted appropriately to achieve the desired vibration isolation performance by tuning the structural parameters of the bio-inspired X-shape structure.Moreover,the adaptive control design through dynamic scaling technique is selected as the active component to maintain high vibration isolation performance in the presence of parameter uncertainties such as mass of the satellite platform,the damping and rotation friction coefficients of the X-shape structure.Compared with the pure passive system and the traditional spring-mass-damper(SMD)isolator,the HPAV strategy witnesses lower transmissibility,smaller vibration amplitude and higher convergence rate when subjected to the post-capture impact.Numerical simulations demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed hybrid control scheme in suppressing vibrations of the free-floating spacecraft.

Earth-observation satellite attitude control using passive and active hybrid magnetically suspended flywheels

The control strategy is presented using passive and active hybrid magnetically suspended flywheels（P＆A MSFWs）,which can help meet the requirements of high precision and high stability for earth-observation satellites.Compared with the conventional flywheel,P＆A MSFW has more rotation degrees of freedom（DOFs）since the rotor is suspended by magnetic bearings,and thus requires more efficient controllers.A modified sliding mode control law（SMC）to our novel nonlinear and coupled system is presented,which is interrupted by inertia matrix uncertainties and external disturbances.SMC law via Lyapunov method is improved,and a fuzzy control scheme is used to attenuate the chatting and control attitude accuracy and maintain the robustness of SMC.Simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficiency of our model by using our control law.

Hybrid Active–Passive Prosthetic Knee:A Gait Kinematics and Muscle Activity Comparison with Mechanical and Microprocessor-Controlled Passive Prostheses

Existing microprocessor-controlled passive prosthetic knees(PaPKs)and active prosthetic knees(AcPKs)cannot truly simulate the muscle activity characteristics of the active–passive hybrid action of the knee during the normal gait.Differences in EMG between normal and different prosthetic gait for different phases were never separately analyzed.In this study,a novel hybrid active–passive prosthetic knee(HAPK)is proposed and if and how muscle activity and kinematics changes in different prosthetic gait are analyzed.The hybrid hydraulic-motor actuator is adopted to fully integrate the advantages of hydraulic compliance damping and motor efficiency,and the hierarchical control strategy is adopted to realize the adaptive predictive control of the HAPK.The kinematic data and EMG data of normal gait and different prosthetic gait were compared by experiments,so as to analyze the changes in the muscle activity and spatio-temporal data per phase compared to normal walking and the adaptations of amputees when walking with a different kind of prosthesis(the mechanical prosthesis(MePK),the PaPK and the HAPK).The results show that changes in prosthetic gait mainly consisted of decreased self-selected walking speed,gait symmetry and maximum knee flexion,increased first double support phase duration,muscle activation in both opposed and prosthetic limb and inter-subject variability.The differences between controls and MePK,PaPK and HAPK decreases sequentially.These results indicate that the hybrid active–passive actuating mode can have positive effects on improving the approximation of healthy gait characteristics.

Workspace,stiffness analysis and design optimization of coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robots for on-orbit services

The use of space robots(SRs)for on-orbit services(OOSs)has been a hot research topic in recent years.However,the space unstructured environment(i.e.:confined spaces,multiple obstacles,and strong radiation interference)has greatly restricted the application of SRs.The coupled active-passive multilink cable-driven space robot(CAP-MCDSR)has the characteristics of slim body,flexible movement,and electromechanical separation,which is very suitable for extreme space environments.However,the dynamic and stiffness modeling of CAP-MCDSRs is challenging,due to the complex coupling among the active cables,passive cables,joints,and the end-effector.To deal with these problems,this paper proposes a workspace,stiffness analysis and design optimization method for such type of MCDSRs.Firstly,the multi-coupling kinematics relationships among the joint,cables and the end-effector are established.Based on hybrid series-parallel characteristics,the improved coupled active–passive(CAP)dynamic equation is derived.Then,the maximum workspace,the maximum stiffness,and the minimum cable tension are resolved,among them,the overall stiffness is the superposition of the stiffness produced by the active and the passive cable.Furthermore,the workspace,the stiffness,and the cable tension are analyzed by using the nonlinear optimization method(NOPM).Finally,an 8-DOF CAP-MCDSR experiment system is built to verify the proposed modeling and trajectory tracking methods.The proposed modeling and analysis results are very useful for practical space applications,such as designing a new CAP-MCDSR,or utilizing an existing CAP-MCDSR system.

反向散射通信技术的研究与发展

反向散射通信作为物联网部署的重要技术手段,其主要思想是利用入射信号进行低功耗被动通信和能量收集,以期实现物联网节点的能源自持。为了加深对该技术的认识并推动相关领域的发展,对现有研究展开综述并对未来发展进行展望。首先,阐述了反向散射通信的基本原理及架构演进。其次,针对不同的通信架构,对已有工作进行了综述。在此基础上,给出了融主被动传输的互惠共生反向散射通信架构,并进行了初步的研究和仿真分析。最后,结合已有研究探讨了所提通信架构的未来研究方向。

Modeling and analysis of cantilever beam with active-passive hybrid piezoelectric network

The active-passive hybrid piezoelectric network (APPN) is investigated to reduce the vibration of cantilever beam. Hamilton's principle with the Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to derive the equations of motion of the beam with the APPN. Only one piezoelectric actuator is bonded on the cantilever beam, so in the segment of the beam where the piezoelectric actuator is attached, the neutral axis is not the geometric center of the beam. This change on the neutral axis is considered in the process of deriving equations. Selecting RL circuit as passive shunt circuit, open-loop analysis is performed to gain insight into the passive damping features. Velocity feedback control is then employed to analyze the characteristics of the closed-loop system. Numerical results show that the APPN has a significant effect on vibration suppression, especially at narrow frequency bands. On this basis, variable RL circuit is proposed and analyzed for broadband vibration attenuation. Numerical simulations illustrate that this scheme is effective and feasible.

卫星磁姿态控制方法与算法综述

自太空探索之初,姿态控制磁控系统便因其体积小、质量轻、成本低、可靠性高等优点被广泛应用于各类轨道卫星.近些年,随着微小卫星技术的迅猛发展,姿态控制磁控系统满足了微小卫星对质量、空间等资源的限制,成为了学者们研究的热点.本文综述了自20世纪60年代以来卫星尤其是微小卫星所采用的主要磁姿态控制方法和算法,包括飞轮起旋与卸载算法、被动以及主动磁姿态控制算法等.其中主动磁姿态控制算法包括主动磁阻尼算法、磁控与自旋、定转速飞轮、重力梯度力矩结合的算法以及纯磁控算法.最后对该研究进行了总结与展望.

鼻内镜手术机器人的研究现状与展望

介绍了主动式、主被动混合式、被动式鼻内镜手术机器人的研究现状,分析了目前鼻内镜手术机器人存在结构设计不合理、价格昂贵、体积庞大、缺乏触觉反馈机制等不足,指出了智能化、小型化、材料新型化和低成本化是未来鼻内镜手术机器人的发展趋势。

Real-time hybrid simulation for structural control performance assessment

Real-time hybrid simulation is an attractive method to evaluate the response of structures under earthquake loads. The method is a variation of the pseudodynamic testing technique in which the experiment is executed in real time, thus allowing investigation of structural systems with rate-dependent components. Real-time hybrid simulation is challenging because it requires performance of all calculations, application of displacements, and acquisition of measured forces, within a very small increment of time. Furthermore, unless appropriate compensation for actuator dynamics is implemented, stability problems are likely to occur during the experiment. This paper presents an approach for real-time hybrid simulation in which compensation for actuator dynamics is implemented using a model-based feedforward compensator. The method is used to evaluate the response of a semi-active control of a structure employing an MR damper. Experimental results show good agreement with the predicted responses, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method for structural control performance assessment.

船用主被动混合隔振器的自适应控制研究

为了有效隔离舰船动力机械产生的低频线谱,本文基于电磁橡胶液压一体化主被动混合隔振器,开展混合隔振器的自适应控制研究。首先,将小波包自适应控制算法与Hartley域块算法相结合,提高控制系统的收敛速度;其次,分析块算法中时滞现象对控制系统的影响,并提出时滞在线估计与预测补偿算法,改善控制系统的控制精度,同时对时滞补偿算法的可行性进行仿真分析。实验结果表明,所提出的改进自适应控制算法能够很好地应用于主被动混合隔振器,有效隔离低频线谱。

用于直升机舱内降噪的智能周期撑杆研究

直升机主减速器内的齿轮啮合引起的中高频振动是直升机舱内噪声的主要来源之一,通过设计具有隔振性能的减速器撑杆可以有效抑制传递到机体的振动,进而减小齿轮啮合诱发的舱内噪声。基于压电叠堆/橡胶周期结构,提出了一种适用于直升机舱内降噪的主动/被动混合振动控制的智能周期撑杆,在满足强度与刚度要求的同时,具有优良的多频与宽频减振能力。压电叠堆与橡胶材料周期排列组成周期结构,其在特定频率范围内具有“机械滤波”特性;同时,通过调节驱动压电叠堆的电压与电流,改变压电叠堆的动刚度,可实现主动减振的功能。为了对智能周期撑杆的主动/被动混合振动控制性能进行分析,建立了基于传递矩阵形式的智能周期撑杆的机电耦合动力学模型,并使用多物理场仿真软件验证了模型的正确性。进一步基于该模型分析了在驱动电压与电流有限的条件下的智能周期撑杆的最优隔振性能:在智能周期撑杆一端固支、一端受到10N的激振力时,最大驱动电压为20V、最大驱动电流为1A的电学边界限制下,该智能周期撑杆具有将692Hz以上的振动完全衰减的能力,对692Hz以下的振动有一定程度的控制效果。此外,还研究了材料参数与力学边界条件对主动控制的影响,即橡胶材料的阻尼、激振力对进行主动控制时需要的驱动电压与电流的影响。使用有限元模型校核了智能周期撑杆的强度与刚度,验证了所提出的智能周期撑杆方案的工程可行性。使用压电叠堆作动器与聚酯乙烯杆件组成一个三周期的压电叠堆周期撑杆作为智能周期撑杆的简化模型,验证了主动/被动混合振动控制性能,分析了力学边界条件对隔振性能的影响,以及进行主动控制时的驱动电压和电流与最优驱动电压和电流的关系。

穿堤管道主被动混合振动控制与分析

针对泵站机组运行引起的供排水穿堤管道振动问题,该研究提出一种磁流变阻尼器(magnetorheological damper,MRD)-谐调质量阻尼器(tune mass damper,TMD)有机融合(magnetorheological-tune mass damper,MRTMD)的主被动混合控制体系。利用基于线性二次型(linear quadratic regulator,LQR)最优控制算法,以结构响应加速度取最小为目标函数,优化得到主被动混合振动控制体系相关参数,以提高减振效率和稳定性。通过模拟泵站运行荷载与冲击荷载激励下的结构动力响应控制效果分析,探讨混合控制装置输出阻尼力的鲁棒性和减振效果。将MRTMD应用于穿堤管道工程,从时频域角度分析了所提出的主被动混合控制体系减振效率与有效减振频带范围,结果表明:MRTMD对结构振动耗能能力强,减振频带范围广,效果优于单一的TMD和MRD控制;针对穿堤管道结构振动响应的控制效果良好,加速度响应减振效率达到37.56%~38.07%,位移响应减振效率达到40.23%~41.38%;对机组主轴转动引起的转频、倍频等机械振动均可有效减弱,特别是对水流冲击、叶轮内形成的轴向漩涡造成的中低振动频率减振效果显著。该方法可为穿堤管道结构减振控制提供参考,保障穿堤管道结构安全运行。

航天柔性结构振动控制的若干新进展

围绕航天柔性结构的振动控制，从结构及材料的数学模型、材料及器件、基本理论与方法和一体化振动控制几个方面对一些研究的最新进展进行了介绍．主动控制和被动控制的一体化技术研究是当今航天柔性结构振动控制研究的重点，两种控制方法的结合不仅优点互补，而且提高了控制系统的性能．控制用材料和器件的研究在工程应用的推动下，也取得了较快的发展。

一种基于智能减振器的舰船机械设备主动减振系统研究

面向工程的需要研制了主被动复合、传感作动一体化的智能减振器。它基于传统的被动隔振结构,集成了主动执行机构、功率放大设备及高低通滤波器、加速度误差传感器及后续的放大和滤波电路,与脱机运行的主动控制器构成针对舰船机械设备的主动减振系统。基于该系统建立了柴油发电机组主动减振演示台架。整个台架通过4个智能减振器坐落在一块模拟船体结构的弹性钢板上,通过测量弹性钢板的振动情况来评价主动减振系统的减振性能。演示台架试验结果表明,智能减振器在800Hz以内的总振级有33dB以上的被动减振效果,在此基础上的主动控制对200Hz以内的多根线谱均有很好的控制效果,线谱最大有30.8dB的主动衰减量,200 Hz以内总振级的主动衰减量达到20dB。综合主被动减振的效果,智能减振器可以将演示台架的柴油发电机组0~800 Hz范围内的振动总振级衰减47.2dB以上。

土木工程结构振动控制的研究进展

综述了近年来土木工程结构振动控制领域的研究进展和发展现状，指出了其发展前景和有待解决的问题。

磁流变弹性体隔振器的设计与振动特性分析

磁流变弹性体是磁流变材料的一个新的分支,兼有磁流变液和弹性体的优点,在结构振动的主被动一体控制中有着广泛的应用前景。利用磁流变弹性体的可控刚度和阻尼特性,基于挤压式受力方式,设计一种磁流变弹性体隔振器,并对其在不同外加控制电流和激励频率下的振动响应特性进行了相关试验测试,分析和研究外加控制电流和激励频率对隔振器的振动响应特性和隔振效果的影响。试验结果发现,在外加电流的作用下,磁流变弹性体能有效增大结构阻尼,改变隔振器振动响应谱峰值的频率和幅值,提高系统的隔振效果。结果表明所设计的磁流变弹性体隔振器能在外加电流的控制下,实现对结构振动响应峰值的移频和减幅作用,具有较好的主被动一体减振效果。

混合型有源电力滤波器与并联电容器组联合补偿技术研究

对于大容量谐波与无功功率补偿,提出了采用混合型有源电力滤波器以及混合型滤波器与电容器组或无源滤波器并联补偿的方式,分析了并联运行时混合型滤波器与电容器组或无源滤波器之间相互配合进行谐波补偿的问题,提出了采用负载与系统电流检测适当结合的方式以改善谐波补偿效果的方法。计算机仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。最后,给出了混合型滤波器的挂网运行结果,表明了所提方法的正确性与实用性。

一种高性能串联混合有源电力滤波器拓扑的研究

对传统的串联混合型有源电力滤波器抑制谐波的基本原理做了定性分析。在此基础上提出了一种新型高性能的串联混合有源电力滤波器。与传统的串联有源滤波器或者串联混合有源电力滤波器相比,其有源部分仅仅需要对注入电网的原负载系统的部分低次谐波进行抑制,从而提高了逆变器直流端电压的利用率,因而能在不损失滤波性能的前提下有效降低了有源部分的容量。该文进行了详细的理论分析,并通过仿真与10kVA样机的实验验证了理论分析的可行性。

基于粒子群优化算法的混合有源滤波器中无源滤波器的多目标优化设计

混合有源滤波器是非常有应用前景的滤波装置,但其综合性能受无源滤波器参数优化程度的影响很大。该文基于课题项目中谐波源的特点,针对已有优化设计方法的各种缺点,提出了基于改进粒子群优化算法的混合滤波装置中无源滤波器的多目标优化设计方法。通过将无源滤波器的无功补偿容量、初期投资及补偿后滤波效果作为优化目标,利用简便、有效的粒子群优化算法对其参数进行了优化设计,大大减少了人工的计算量,而且明显提高了算法的寻优速度。最后仿真及现场模拟实验表明,此优化设计无源滤波器的成本比经验设计方法有所降低,滤波效果有明显的提高。