Active Low-frequency Vertical Vibration Isolation System for Precision Measurements

Low-fi＇equency vertical vibration isolation systems play important roles in precision measurements to reduce seismic and environmental vibration noise. Several types of active vibration isolation systems have been developed. However, few researches focus on how to optimize the test mass install position in order to improve the vibration transmissibility. An active low-frequency vertical vibration isolation system based on an earlier instrument, the Super Spring, is designed and implemented. The system, which is simple and compact, consists of two stages： a parallelogram-shaped linkage to ensure vertical motion, and a simple spring-mass system. The theoretical analysis of the vibration isolation system is presented, including terms erroneously ignored before. By carefully choosing the mechanical parameters according to the above analysis and using feedback control, the resonance frequency of the system is reduced from 2.3 to 0.03 Hz, a reduction by a factor of more than 75. The vibration isolation system is installed as an inertial reference in an absolute gravimeter, where it improved the scatter of the absolute gravity values by a factor of 5. The experimental results verifies the improved performance of the isolation system, making it particularly suitable for precision experiments. The improved vertical vibration isolation system can be used as a prototype for designing high-performance active vertical isolation systems. An improved theoretical model of this active vibration isolation system with beam-pivot configuration is proposed, providing fundamental guidelines for vibration isolator design and assembling.

Spatial Distribution of Land Cover and Vegetation Activity along Topographic Gradient in an Arid River Valley, SW China

Anthropogenic activities have become more and more important in characterizing the landscape, but their impacts are still restricted by natural environments. This paper discusses the interactions of anthropogenic activity, vegetation activity and topography through describing the spatial distribution of land cover and vegetation activity (represented by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) along topographic gradient in a mountainous area of southwestern China. Our results indicate that the existing landscape pattern is controlled by anthropogenic activities as well as topographic factors. Intensive anthropogenic activities mainly occur in areas with relatively low elevation, gentle and concave slopes, as these areas are easy and convenient to attain for human. Because of the destruction by human, some land cover types (mainly grassland and shrub) are only found in relatively harsher environments. This study also finds that topographic wetness index (W) used in other places only reflects runoff generation capacity, but not indicate the real spatial pattern of soil water content in this area. The relationships between NDVI and W, and NDVI and length slope factor (LSF) show that runoff and erosion have complex effects on vegetation activity. Greater values of W and LSF will lead to stronger capacity to produce runoff and transport sediment, and thereby increase soil water content and soil deposition, whereas beyond a certain threshold runoff and erosion are so strong that they would destruct vegetation growth. This study provides information needed to successfully restore native vegetation, improve land management, and promote sustainable development in mountainous areas, especially for developing regions.

Submesoscale activity over the shelf of the northern South China Sea in summer:simulation with an embedded model

We applied a primitive equation ocean model to simulate submesoscale activities and processes over the shelf of the northern South China Sea(NSCS) with a one-way nesting technology for downscaling.The temperature and density fields showed that submesoscale activities were ubiquitous in the NSCS shelf.The vertical velocity was considerably enhanced in submesoscale processes and could reach an average of 58 m per day in the subsurface.At this point,the mixed layer depth also was deepened along the front,and the surface kinetic energy also increased with the intense vertical movement induced by submesoscale activity.Thus,submesoscale stirring/mixing is important for tracers,such as temperature,salinity,nutrients,dissolved organic,and inorganic carbon.This result may have implication for climate and biogeochemical investigations.

Preliminary division of active block boundary in Chinese mainland based on recent vertical crustal movement

The characteristics of vertical crustal movement in Chinese mainland are studied, and the ideas and principles for dividing active blocks according to the map of recent vertical crustal deformation rate in China is proposed. As a result, Chinese mainland is divided into 2 first-grade blocks, the east and west block, 6 second-grade blocks, the Northeast China, North China, East China, Xizang (Tibet), Gansu-Qinghai-Xizang (Gan-Qing-Zang) and Xinjiang block, and 16 third-grade blocks. The boundaries of active blocks divided in this paper are generally consistent with the pattern of neotectonic movement with some local difference. It shows that the recent crustal activity in Chinese mainland inherits the neotectonic movement occurred since the Quaternary, while some new activity tendencies appear.

Evolution of Vertical Electric Currents and Flares in An Active Region

In this paper, solar active region (AR) 6891 is studied. The long term temporal (over a 8 day period) relationahip between vertical current evolution and flare are examined. We found that the day to day variation of the flare number in the active region is more closly associated with the variation of net current intensity than that of total current intensity. The increase in negative current in the weak following polarity area is due to the reduction in negative current in the strong preceding area.

磁力馈能主动悬架稳定性分析

为了提高车辆行驶平顺性和安全性,提出了一种新型磁力馈能主动悬架,并研究其稳定性。采用BP神经网络PID控制算法(BP-PID)搭建磁力馈能主动悬架控制系统,利用MATLAB/Simulink进行理论仿真。建立B级和C级随机路面,仿真分析不同速度、不同等级下,磁力馈能主动悬架的稳定性。结果表明,相比于被动悬架效果和PID控制的磁力馈能主动悬架效果,采用BP-PID控制可明显提高悬架稳定性。B级随机路面60 km/h时车身垂直加速度改善了45.90%,证明了BP-PID控制的合理性,可有效提升悬架稳定性。

基于AOV网的JDF印刷工作流程建模

针对印刷工作流程的控制问题,首先在研究JDF(job definition format)标准的基础上,基于AOV(activityon vertices)网提出了JDF-AOV网,以描述JDF印刷工作流程中各过程节点在执行时的相互依赖关系;然后定义了'JDF资源关联矩阵'以完整地描述各过程节点资源的消耗与生产,并且定义了'JDF资源可用性数组'以描述所有资源的可用性;最后利用此三者组成的递阶JDF-AOV模型对JDF印刷工作流程进行分析.结果表明,此模型可用.

基于AOV图及二叉树的梯形图与指令表互换算法

通过对可编程逻辑控制器(Programma blelogic contro ller,PLC)的梯形图语言及指令表语言的分析,提出了基于AOV(Activity on vertex)有向图和二叉树实现梯形图与指令表程序相互转换的算法。转换算法将梯形图映射为AOV图,并由其建立二叉树来表示指令间的逻辑关系,通过遍历二叉树实现PLC梯形图与指令表的转换。文中给出一个转换实例,介绍了算法思想及其实现步骤。该算法具有通用性,适于复杂控制逻辑的梯形图,已成功用于水电自动化监控系统中的PLC编程软件平台。

基于AOV网的抽象工作流模型

针对项目管理中的工作流控制需求,提出一个基于顶点活动(AOV)网的抽象工作流模型。给出该模型的形式化定义以及各结点的时序关系,阐述工作流的设计与执行规则,包括分支设计规则和回路设计规则,定义工作流图分支结构中汇聚结点的时序同步规则,并给出一个优化的回路检测方法。实例应用结果证明了该模型的有效性。

主观垂直感知障碍对脑卒中患者功能影响的回顾性研究

目的探讨脑卒中主观垂直感知障碍对视空间认知、平衡、步行功能及日常生活活动能力的影响,以及视空间认知和侧倾行为的中介作用。方法2023年2月至12月,选取南京医科大学第一附属医院康复医学中心收治的脑卒中患者96例,分为垂直感知障碍组(n=53)与非垂直感知障碍组(n=43)。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、侧推评估量表(SCP)、Burke侧倾量表(BLS)、线等分试验(LBT)、线段划消试验(LCT)、星消试验(SCT)、主观视觉垂直感知(SVV)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、Holden步行功能分级(FAC)和Barthel指数(BI)进行评定。结果垂直感知障碍组SVV方向性和稳定性,NIHSS、SCT、SCP、BLS、BBS、FAC和BI评分差于非垂直感知障碍组(|t|>2.414,Z=-3.481,P<0.05)。两组SVV,SCT、BLS和BBS评分两两相关(|r|≥0.273,P<0.05)。控制年龄和性别后,SVV方向性对BBS评分无直接作用(β=-0.011,P=0.920),但可通过BLS的部分中介效应(效应量=-0.173,95%CI-0.278~-0.076),以及SCT和BLS的链式中介效应(效应量=-0.073,95%CI-0.137~-0.027)两条路径对BBS评分产生影响。结论主观视觉垂直感知障碍影响脑卒中患者的视空间认知、平衡、步行功能和日常生活活动能力,主要通过视空间认知和侧倾行为的中介效应影响脑卒中患者的平衡功能。

氧化型VCSELs的可靠性及失效分析

为了研究氧化型垂直腔表面发射激光器(VCSELs)的可靠性寿命模型和失效模式,对含有AlGaAs/GaAs量子阱的氧化型VCSELs进行了不同应力条件的老化实验,使用外推函数求得VCSELs的失效寿命,进而求得了不同应力条件下的中值寿命,并结合VCSELs的结温获得准确的寿命模型。最后,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析了氧化型VCSELs的主要失效特征和原因。测试与试验结果表明:含有AlGaAs/GaAs量子阱的氧化型VCSELs的寿命模型参数激活能为0.55 eV,电流加速因子为2.01;氧化型VCSELs失效原因主要与具有内在应力的氧化层相关。

下肢相对力量水平激活后增强效应对运动表现影响的Meta分析

目的:激活后增强效应对运动表现的影响特征主要是肌肉活动能力增强、肌肉力量产生速率提高等方面。文章通过Meta分析定量评价下肢相对力量水平激活后增强效应对冲刺速度、跳跃表现和动力学参数(峰值冲量、峰值功率、最大地面反作用力和力的生成速率等)的影响效果。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网、万方、Web of Science、PubMed和Medline数据库关于下肢相对力量水平诱导激活后增强效应的随机对照、随机交叉或明确按照下肢相对力量水平分组(非随机对照试验)的研究,各组干预方法主要以自由质量器械和快速伸缩复合练习等为措施,文献发表时间为各数据库建库至2023-08-05,使用EndNote软件管理文献,随机对照试验按照PEDro量表、非随机对照试验按照ROBINS-I 2.0标准进行文献质量评价,采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 15.0软件对所提取的数据进行发表偏倚评价、亚组分析及敏感性分析,并制作森林图进行Meta分析。结果:①最终纳入11篇文献,包括7项随机对照试验和4项非随机对照试验,共216名受试者,整体文献的方法学质量较高。②按照1次最大重复量/体质量(1RM/BM)>2为强壮组99人、1RM/BM≤2为普通组117人,均为男性受试者。③Meta分析结果显示,强壮组激活后增强效应对短跑表现的积极效果显著高于普通组(SMD=-1.34,95%CI:-1.74至-0.93,P<0.00001);强壮组激活后增强效应对垂直跳跃高度的影响与普通组相比差异无显著性意义(SMD=0.30,95%CI:-0.07-0.66,P=0.11);强壮组激活后增强效应对峰值冲量(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.62-0.47,P=0.61)、峰值功率(SMD=0.21,95%CI:-0.29-0.72,P=0.12)、最大地面反作用力(SMD=0.31,95%CI:-0.20-0.81,P=0.16)及力的生成速率(SMD=0.36,95%CI:-0.11-0.82,P=0.39)的积极效果与普通组相比差异无显著性意义。结论:现有的试验证据表明,强壮组激活后增强效应能够显著提高短距离冲刺速度,下肢相对力量水平激活后增强效应对爆发性垂直跳跃高度、峰值冲量、峰值功率、最大地面反作用力以及力的生成速率等运动学和动力学参数指标的影响效果类似。

基于NMPC的智能汽车变道避撞控制研究

针对无人驾驶车辆仅采用转向主动避撞控制策略难以应对复杂交通环境的问题,提出了一种基于非线性模型预测控制的变道轨迹规划与跟踪控制方法,实现了无须预先定义轨迹的实时轨迹规划。首先,分析了在高速公路上需要进行变道的场景,针对车辆在变道过程中不仅涉及横向位置的变化而且还与纵向速度有关的问题,建立了车辆横向和纵向联合非线性预测车辆模型;然后,基于模型预测控制算法可以考虑各种复杂约束、非线性等前提以实现系统性能最优控制的优势,设计了基于非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)的变道避撞控制器;最后,利用Matlab和Carsim联合仿真平台对所提方法进行了验证。仿真结果表明:所提出的方法不仅可以使车辆在复杂交通环境下成功地进行变道,而且能在变道过程中保持车身稳定、变道轨迹平滑。

基于改进AOV网的轻量级工作流模型研究与设计

针对现有工作流模型在应对大型复杂系统时的不足,引入轻量级模型的概念,提出一种基于改进AOV网的轻量级工作流模型以满足大型复杂业务流程的工作流管理需求。在对模型进行详细定义与设计的同时,给出了流程调度中关键的两个算法——分支的调度算法及汇聚的同步算法以确保流程的准确运行。通过对一个具体实例的流程建模分析,体现了模型的轻量级优势并采用图论的分析手段对模型进行静态及动态验证,证明了模型的合理性。

小型化S波段瓦式有源相控阵天线系统的设计研究

基于运载火箭天基遥测传输的需求和箭载平台对重量、空间及能量消耗的严格限制,本文设计了一种小型轻量化、高集成、低能耗的S波段瓦式有源相控阵天线系统。该系统包括天线阵列模块、发射组件阵列模块、功分网络模块、波束控制器及电源单元模块。本文阐述了该系统的工作原理、组成架构,并根据要求设计了天线阵列、发射组件、高可靠电源单元以及波束控制器等几种关键电路。经暗室实测,本系统中所研制的天线系统样机其波束宽度、轴比、方位面俯仰面±60°波束扫描范围内的ERIP等指标达到设计要求,与目前市场上同频段功能相似的砖式相控阵天线系统相比,其体积减小45%,重量缩减25%,能耗降低15%,更贴合箭载相控阵天线从体积、重量、经济上的应用需求,同时也为相关领域的相控阵天线系统研制提供了指导。

A Historical Sedimentary Record of Mercury in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake: Impacts of Human Activities and Climate Change

Mercury and its derivatives are hazardous environmental pollutants and could affect the aquatic ecosystems and human health by biomagnification. Lake sediments can provide important historical information regarding changes in pollution levels and thus trace anthropogenic or natural influences. This research investigates the 100-year history of mercury (Hg) deposition in sediments from Chao Lake, a shallow eutrophic lake in China. The results indicate that the Hg deposition history can be separated into three stages (pre-1960s, 1960s–1980s, and post-1980s) over the last 100 years. Before the 1960s, Hg concentrations in the sediment cores varied little and had no spatial difference. Since the 1960s, the concentration of Hg began to increase gradually, and showed a higher concentration of contamination in the western half of the lake region than in the eastern half of the lake region due to all kinds of centralized human-input sources. The influences of anthropogenic factors and hydrological change are revealed by analyzing correlations between Hg and heavy metals (Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn), stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (d13C and d15N), nutrients, particle sizes, and meteorological factors. The results show that Hg pollution intensified after the 1960s, mainly due to hydrological change, rapid regional development and urbanization, and the proliferation of anthropogenic Hg sources. Furthermore, the temperature, wind speed, and evaporation are found to interactively influence the environmental behaviors and environmental fate of Hg.

Different vertical distribution of zooplankton community between North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and Western Pacific Warm Pool: its implication to carbon flux

The mesozooplankton in both epipelagic and mesopelagic zones is essentially important for the study of ecosystem and biological carbon pump. Previous studies showed that the diel vertical migration (DVM) pattern of mesozooplankton varied among ecosystems. However, that pattern was largely unknown in the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). The vertical distribution, DVM and community structure of mesozooplankton from the surface to 1 000 m were compared at Stas JL7K (WPWP) and MA (North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, NPSG). Two sites showed similarly low biomass in both epipelagic and mesopelagic zones, which were in accordance with oligotrophic conditions of these two ecosystems. Stronger DVM (night/day ratio) was found at JL7K (1.31) than that at MA (1.09) on surface 0–100 m, and an obvious night increase of mesopelagic biomass was observed at JL7K, which was probably due to migrators from bathypelagic zone. Active carbon flux by DVM of zooplankton was estimated to be 0.23 mmol/(m2·d) at JL7K and 0.16 mmol/(m2·d) at MA. The community structure analysis showed that calanoid copepods, cnidarians and appendicularians were the main contributors to DVM of mesozooplankton at both sites. We also compared the present result with previous studies of the two ecosystems, and suggested that the DVM of mesozooplankton was more homogeneous within the WPWP and more variable within the NPSG, though both ecosystems showed typically extremely oligotrophic conditions. The different diel vertical migration strength of mesozooplankton between NPSG and WPWP implied different efficiency of carbon pump in these two ecosystems.

A Novel Integrated Stability Control Based on Differential Braking and Active Steering for Four-axle Trucks

Di erential braking and active steering have already been integrated to overcome their shortcomings. However, existing research mainly focuses on two-axle vehicles and controllers are mostly designed to use one control method to improve the other. Moreover, many experiments are needed to improve the robustness; therefore, these control methods are underutilized. This paper proposes an integrated control system specially designed for multi-axle vehicles, in which the desired lateral force and yaw moment of vehicles are determined by the sliding mode control algorithm. The output of the sliding mode control is distributed to the suitable wheels based on the abilities and potentials of the two control methods. Moreover, in this method, fewer experiments are needed, and the robustness and simultaneity are both guaranteed. To simplify the optimization system and to improve the computation speed, seven simple optimization subsystems are designed for the determination of control outputs on each wheel. The simulation results show that the proposed controller obviously enhances the stability of multi-axle trucks. The system improves 68% of the safe velocity, and its performance is much better than both di erential braking and active steering. This research proposes an integrated control system that can simultaneously invoke di erential braking and active steering of multi-axle vehicles to fully utilize the abilities and potentials of the two control methods.

Control of the Vertical Instability in the SUNIST Spherical Tokamak

Control of the vertical instability of the plasma in the SUNIST spherical tokamak is studied. A proportional-derivative （PD） position controller is employed in a control system which consists of a massless plasma, active coils and a passive conducting vessel. Stability conditions axe determined and the feedback control with different combinations of both active and passive coils, available on SUNIST, is emphasized. The simulation results are also discussed.