One Case of Primary Thrombocythemia with Concealed Hypokalemia Complicated by Acute Myocardial Infarction

Medical history summary: Male, 47 years old, was admitted to the hospital due to “dizziness accompanied by chest tightness and pain for more than 8 days”. One week ago, the patient experienced chest tightness, chest pain accompanied by profuse sweating for 3 hours and underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a local hospital. The procedure revealed left main stem occlusion with subsequent left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After the procedure, the patient experienced hemodynamic instability, recurrent ventricular fibrillation, and critical condition, thus transferred to our hospital for further treatment. Symptoms and signs: The patient is in a comatose state, unresponsive to stimuli, with bilateral dilated pupils measuring 2.0 mm, exhibiting reduced sensitivity to light reflex, and recurrent fever. Coarse breath sounds can be heard in both lungs, with audible moist rales. Irregular breathing pattern is observed, and heart sounds vary in intensity. No pathological murmurs are auscultated in any valve auscultation area. Diagnostic methods: Coronary angiography results at the local hospital showed complete occlusion of the left main stem, and left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed. However, the distal guidewire did not pass through. After admission, blood tests showed a Troponin T level of 1.44 ng/ml and a Myoglobin level of 312 ng/ml. The platelet count was 1390 × 109/L. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity was measured at 201.9%. Bone marrow aspiration biopsy showed active bone marrow proliferation and platelet clustering. The peripheral blood smear also showed platelet clustering. JAK-2 gene testing was positive, confirming the diagnosis of primary thrombocytosis. Treatment methods: The patient is assisted with mechanical ventilation and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation to improve coronary blood flow. Electrolyte levels are closely monitored, especially maintaining plasma potassium levels between 4.0 and 4.5 mmol/l. Hydroxyurea 500 mg is administered for platelet reduction. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are used rationally to prevent further infarction or bleeding. Antiarrhythmic, lipid-lowering, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and heart failure treatment are also provided. Clinical outcome: The family members chose to withdraw treatment and signed for discharge due to a combination of reasons, including economic constraints and uncertainty about the prognosis due to the long disease course. Acute myocardial infarction has gradually become one of the leading causes of death in our country. As a “green channel” disease, corresponding diagnostic and treatment protocols have been established in China, and significant progress has been made in emergency care. There are strict regulations for the time taken from the catheterization lab to the cardiac intensive care unit, and standardized treatments are provided to patients once they enter the intensive care unit. Research results show that the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with primary thrombocythemia within 10 years is 9.4%. This type of disease is rare and difficult to cure, posing significant challenges to medical and nursing professionals. In order to benefit future patients, we have documented individual cases of treatment and nursing care for these patients. The research results show that these patients exhibit resistance to traditional oral anticoagulant drugs and require alternative anticoagulants. Additionally, there are significant differences in serum and plasma potassium levels among patients. Therefore, when making clinical diagnoses, it is necessary to carefully distinguish between the two. Particularly, nursing personnel should possess dialectical thinking when supplementing potassium levels in patients in order to reduce the incidence of malignant arrhythmias and mortality rates.

Stenting versus non-stenting treatment of intermediate stenosis culprit lesion in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction： a multicenter random- ized clinical trial

在有单个容器中介狭窄犯人损害优点的心肌的梗塞(STEMI ) 病人进一步学习的尖锐圣片断举起的 stenting 的 BackgroundThe 利益 / 风险比率，因此现在的 study.Methods 和 resultsIt 的题目是一未来， multicenter，使随机化的控制试用。在 2012 年 4 月和 2015 年 7 月之间，有单个容器疾病和中介(40%-70%) 的 399 个尖锐 STEMI 病人在渴望 thrombectomy 或 intracoronary tirofiban 前后的犯人损害的狭窄(15 呍眠獡愠獳' 覒 X 整 ? 楷桴猠杩楮楦慣瑮椠灭潲敶敭瑮椠 ? ?癲癩污椠 ? 慰楴湥獴眠瑩 ??

Study of Adverse Events of Streptokinase Therapy in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: Despite of different adverse events, streptokinase (SK) is widely used to treat patients presented with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe different adverse events in patients of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving SK infusion. Methodology: This cross-sectional type of analytic observational study was carried out in the inpatient department of Cardiology at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh from December 23rd 2019 to February 22nd 2020 for a period of two (2) months. All patients diagnosed as acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction receiving SK were included in the present study. Adverse events were documented through completing a questionnaire by reviewing the records in the medical file as well as interviewing with the patients. Result: In this study, 43 (26.2%) patients developed different types of adverse events and 121 (73.8%) had no complications following SK infusion. The most common adverse event was hypotension i.e. 26 (60.4%) and other adverse events were bleeding 8 (4.8%) and allergic reaction 7 (4.2%). Statistically significant higher rate of adverse events occurred in diabetic, hypertensive and dyslipidemia group which was 26 (56.5%) Vs. 17 (14.4%), p = 0.000, 37 (36.6%) Vs. 06 (09.5%), p = 0.000 and 18 (54.5%) Vs. 25 (19.1%), p = 0.000 respectively. The independent factors for the development of adverse events were smoking {OR: 5.1 with 95% CI (1.7 to 15.1), p = 0.003}, diabetes {OR: 14.9 with 95% CI (5.0 to 44.8), p = 0.000}, hypertension {OR: 5.1with 95% CI (1.7 to 15.1), p = 0.003} and dyslipidemia {OR: 4.6 with 95% CI (1.5 to 13.7), p = 0.007}. Conclusion: Streptokinase infusion was associated with different adverse events. Among them the commonest one was hypotension and other less common events were minor bleeding and minor allergic reaction. The adverse events were more frequently documented in patients who were smoker, diabetic, hypertensive and dyslipidemic.

Serum uric acid in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND:Few studies investigated serum uric acid levels in patients with acute STelevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).The study was to assess the clinical value of serum uric acid levels in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).METHODS:Totally 502 consecutive patients with STEMI were retrospectively studied from January 2005 to December 2010.The level of serum lipid,echocardiographic data and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) in patients with hyperuricemia(n=119) were compared with those in patients without hyperuricemia(n=383).The relationship between the level of serum uric acid and the degree of diseased coronary artery was analyzed.All data were analyzed with SPSS version 17.0 software for Student's t test,the Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis.RESULTS:Serum uric acid level was positively correlated with serum triglyceride level.Hyperlipidemia was more common in hyperuricemia patients than in non-hyperuricemia patients(43.7%vs.33.7%,P=0.047),and serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in hyperuricemia patients(2.11±1.24 vs.1.78±1.38,P=0.014).But no significant association was observed between serum uric acid level and one or more diseased vessels(P>0.05).Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd) was larger in hyperuricemia patients than in non-hyperuricemia patients(53.52±6.19 vs.52.18±4.89,P=0.041).The higher rate of left systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction was discovered in hyperuricemia patients(36.4%vs.15.1%,P<0.001;68.2%vs.55.8%,P=0.023).Also,hyperuricemia patients were more likely to have in-hospital MACE(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Serum uric acid level is positively correlated with serum triglyceride level,but not with the severity of coronary artery disease.Hyperuricemia patients with STEMI tend to have a higher rate of left systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction and more likely to have more in-hospital MACE.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Kawasaki disease:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease(KD)is an acute self-limiting febrile vasculitis that occurs during childhood and can cause coronary artery aneurysm(CAA).CAAs are associated with a high rate of adverse cardiovascular events.CASE SUMMARY A Korean 35-year-old man with a 30-year history of KD presented to the emergency room with chest pain.Emergent coronary angiography was performed as ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads was observed on the electrocardiogram.An aneurysm of the left circumflex(LCX)coronary artery was found with massive thrombi within.A drug-eluting 4.5 mm 23 mm-sized stent was inserted into the occluded area without complications.The maximal diameter of the LCX was 6.0 mm with a Z score of 4.7,suggestive of a small aneurysm considering his age,sex,and body surface area.We further present a case series of 19 patients with KD,including the current patient,presenting with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Notably,none of the cases showed Z scores;only five patients(26%)had been regularly followed up by a physician,and only one patient(5.3%)was being treated with antithrombotic therapy before ACS occurred.CONCLUSION For KD presenting with ACS,regular follow up and medical therapy may be crucial for improved outcomes.

Plaque herniation after stenting the culprit lesion with myocardial bridging in ST elevation myocardial infarction: A case report

BACKGROUND Myocardial bridging(MB)is increasingly recognized to stimulate atherogenesis,which may contribute to an acute coronary syndrome.Stenting the coronary segment with MB has been recognized to have an increased risk of in-stent restenosis,stent fracture and coronary perforation.The safety and efficacy of stenting the culprit lesion with overlaying MB in ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)as primary reperfusion therapy has not been established.CASE SUMMARY We reported a patient who presented with inferior STEMI with a culprit lesion of an acute thrombotic occlusion in the right coronary artery and thrombolysis and thrombin inhibition in myocardial infarction 0 flow.After the stent placement during primary percutaneous coronary intervention,intravascular ultrasound revealed MB overlying the stented segment where heavy atherosclerotic plaque were present.Likely due to the combination of plaque herniation or prolapse caused by MB,as well as local increased inflammation and thrombogenicity,acute stent thrombosis occurred at this region,which led to acute stent failure.The patient required an emergent repeated cardiac catheterization and placing a second layer of stent to enhance the radial strength and reduce the inter-strut space.CONCLUSION Plaque herniation or prolapse after stenting a MB segment in STEMI is a potential etiology for acute stent failure.

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并心脏破裂的列线图模型建立

[目的]分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者发生心脏破裂(CR)的风险因素,并依此构建急性STEMI患者合并CR的列线图模型。[方法]通过宁夏医科大学总医院大数据研究平台、医院信息系统检索连续纳入2015年1月—2019年12月急性STEMI患者5412例,其中合并CR的91例患者为CR组,5321例未合并CR患者为非CR组。运用LASSO回归、单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析急性STEMI患者合并CR的风险因素,并建立CR的列线图预测模型。分别运用受试者工作特征曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、临床决策曲线分析法(DCA)对建立的列线图模型进行验证和评估。[结果]LASSO回归结果显示年龄、女性、高血压病史、首次医疗接触时间、休克指数、Killip分级、白细胞计数、D二聚体、乳酸、前壁心肌梗死、24 h内服用β受体阻滞剂、24 h内服用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ACEI/ARB)药物、急诊PCI共13个变量为CR的风险因素(P<0.05)。把筛选出的13个风险因素分别进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,结果提示年龄、Killip分级、首次医疗接触时间、白细胞计数、未行急诊PCI、24 h内未服用ACEI/ARB药物是急性STEMI患者合并CR的风险因素。依据上述6个风险变量建立急性STEMI合并CR列线图模型。该列线图模型内部验证前后ROC曲线下面积分别为0.946(95%CI:0.927~0.961)、0.947(95%CI:0.927~0.959),灵敏度分别为0.957、0.904,特异度分别为0.858、0.876,说明该模型具有较好的区分度。运用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验证明该模型的预测价值和实际观测值之间的偏差没有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.70,P=0.122),说明列线图模型具有较好的校准度。DCA曲线提示模型的预测概率阈值在0.00~0.40之间,临床净获益最高,说明具有较好的临床效能。[结论]本研究建立的列线图模型有较好的区分度、校准度和临床效能,能有效预测急性STEMI合并CR的发生概率,为临床诊疗工作提供一定帮助,以期降低CR发生率。

血管内超声参数联合microRNA-206评估非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者病变严重程度及预后的价值

目的探讨血管内超声(IVUS)参数联合microRNA-206(miR-206)评估非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(NSTEAMI)患者病变严重程度及预后的价值。方法选取2019年3月-2021年4月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的105例NSTEAMI患者,所有患者行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI),根据病变严重程度将患者分为单支病变组(55例)、双支病变组(32例)、多支病变组(18例)。对比不同病变程度患者IVUS参数、血清miR-206,分析IVUS参数、血清miR-206与NSTEAMI患者病变严重程度的相关性。随访2年,根据是否发生MACE分为发生组与非发生组。对比发生组与非发生组的临床资料,采用多因素逐步Logistic回归模型分析NSTEAMI患者发生主要不良心脏事件(MACE)的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评估IVUS参数、血清miR-206预测NSTEAMI患者发生MACE的效能。结果多支病变组斑块负荷、斑块面积、重构指数、偏心指数、血清miR-206相对表达量均高于单支、双支组(P<0.05),且双支病变组均高于单支病变组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血管外弹力膜面积与NSTEAMI患者病变严重程度无相关性(r=0.271,P=0.325);斑块负荷、斑块面积、重构指数、偏心指数、血清miR-206与NSTEAMI患者病变严重程度呈正相关(r=0.416、0.382、0.423、0.507和0.394,均P=0.000)。随访2年,失访2例,剩余103例患者中32例(31.07%)发生MACE,71例(68.93%)未发生MACE。发生组多支病变、血运未重建占比、斑块负荷、斑块面积、重构指数、偏心指数、血清miR-206相对表达量均高于非发生组(P<0.05),淋巴细胞计数、血红蛋白水平均低于非发生组(P<0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示:多支病变[OR=3.466(95%CI:1.523,7.884)]、血运未重建[OR=2.776(95%CI:1.220,6.315)]、斑块负荷[OR=3.155(95%CI:1.387,7.177)]、重构指数[OR=3.842(95%CI:1.689,8.740)]、偏心指数[OR=4.166(95%CI:1.831,9.477)]、血清miR-206[OR=4.500(95%CI:1.978,10.236)]为NSTEAMI患者发生MACE的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,斑块负荷、重构指数、偏心指数、血清miR-206四者联合预测NSTEAMI患者发生MACE的敏感性为88.52%(95%CI:0.674,0.957),特异性为92.86%(95%CI:0.713,0.968),曲线下面积为0.900(95%CI:0.812,0.953)。结论IVUS参数(斑块负荷、重构指数、偏心指数)、血清miR-206在评估NSTEAMI患者病变严重程度与预后中具有重要价值,且四者联合具有更高的预测价值。

不同剂量他汀类药物对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的老年ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、辛伐他汀对接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的老年ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的影响。方法 前瞻性选取接受PCI的180例STEMI患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组,每组30例。A组口服低剂量辛伐他汀,B组口服高剂量辛伐他汀,C组口服低剂量阿托伐他汀,D组口服高剂量阿托伐他汀,E组口服低剂量瑞舒伐他汀,F组口服高剂量瑞舒伐他汀。比较各组患者血清炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]、心肌损伤标志物[肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)]、心功能指标[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏指数(CI)、心排血量(CO)]水平、ST段回落情况及不良心血管事件、不良反应发生情况。结果 术后1 d、术后1个月时,A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组的IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均依次降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 d、术后1个月时,A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组的cTnT、CK-MB、NT-proBNP水平均依次降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月时,A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组的LVEF、CO、CI均依次升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组的ST段回落者占比依次升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组患者不良心血管事件总发生率、不良反应总发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 低剂量、高剂量的阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、辛伐他汀应用于PCI术后STEMI患者,均可有效减轻炎症反应,改善心肌功能,促进ST段回落,其中高剂量瑞舒伐他汀效果最佳。

沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效

目的探究沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效。方法选取2022年3月—2023年3月齐齐哈尔市第一医院心内科收治急性前壁STEMI行急诊PCI治疗的患者80例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组40例和观察组40例,对照组以常规药物和依那普利治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗。治疗1个月后比较2组患者临床疗效,治疗前后血清学指标、左心室功能以及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率、治疗期间的不良反应。结果观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(97.50%vs.77.50%,χ^(2)/P=7.314/0.007);与治疗前比较,2组治疗后的N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)均下降,左心室射血分数(LVEF)均升高,且观察组各指标降低/升高幅度大于对照组(t/P=5.507/<0.001、11.006/<0.001、5.287/<0.001、4.297/<0.001、6.647/<0.001、2.330/0.022);观察组的MACE发生率低于对照组(5.00%vs.20.00%,χ^(2)/P=4.114/0.043);2组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后的患者疗效显著,患者的心功能有所改善,MACE发生率降低,且相对安全。

地中海饮食模式和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死发生风险的关系研究

目的探讨地中海饮食模式与急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)发生风险的相关性。方法本研究是一项单中心大型病例对照研究。收集2017年1月至2020年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院首次确诊为急性NSTEMI的患者600例作为急性NSTEMI组。根据年龄、性别进行1∶1匹配选取同期本院体检中心健康体检者600人作为对照组。比较2组一般资料。根据饮食频率调查问卷计算出改良地中海饮食评分(AMEDS)。将所有受试者按AMEDS分为AMEDS<4分组、AMEDS 4~5分组和AMEDS≥6分组。分析总体及不同AMEDS组的急性NSTEMI发生风险,分析AMEDS中不同种类食物与急性NSTEMI发生风险的相关性。结果急性NSTEMI组有高血压病、糖尿病病史的患者比例、收缩压、体重指数、目前吸烟者比例均高于对照组,家庭收入≥120000元/年的比例、AMEDS均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相对于AMEDS<4分组的受试者而言,AMEDS 4~5分组以及AMEDS≥6分组受试者急性NSTEMI发生风险明显降低(调整年龄、性别、受教育年限、家庭年收入、病史、体重指数、血压、血红蛋白、生活方式等多个协变量后的多因素分析比值比=0.72,95%置信区间:0.53~0.94,P=0.031;比值比=0.62,95%置信区间:0.47~0.84,P=0.008)。将患者按年龄和性别进行分层,多因素回归分析后发现,随AMEDS增加,急性NSTEMI发生风险降低的趋势在男性和年龄<60岁的人群依然存在(均P<0.05),在女性和≥60岁的人群中,趋势差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),同时分层之间交互性分析后差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。AMEDS食物种类分析结果显示,蔬菜、鱼类降低急性NSTEMI发生风险,红肉或加工肉类增加其发生风险(比值比=0.51,95%置信区间:0.42~0.66,P<0.001;比值比=0.75,95%置信区间:0.59~0.94,P=0.010;比值比=1.51,95%置信区间:1.21~1.90,P<0.001)。结论地中海饮食模式和急性NSTEMI的发生相关,改良地中海饮食的高依从性可能降低急性NSTEMI的发生风险。

基于冠状动脉造影术中即刻新型评分系统对STEMI患者急诊PCI术中慢血流/无复流的预测价值和短期预后研究

目的基于临床指标和造影术中即刻影像学指标构建新型评分系统评估急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)接受急诊PCI(PPCI)术中慢血流/无复流的风险。方法本研究连续入选325例接受PPCI的STEMI患者作为建模组;另外连续入选412例患者作为验证组,用于验证该评分系统对慢血流/无复流(SF/NRF)的预测价值,并评估住院期间该评分系统高风险组与低风险组主要不良心血管事件的相关性。结果本研究使用5个变量建立SF/NRF预测模型。SF/NRF的独立预测因素为Killip≥2级、症状发作到球囊扩张时间≥4 h、初始TIMI血流0级、造影血栓负荷分级≥4和IRA管径≥3.5 mm。依据OR值对SF/NRF的独立预测因素进行赋分,进而建立SF/NRF的独立预测因素预测模型,使用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析显示该模型评分≥7分对SF/NRF预测的敏感度为81.2%,特异度为72.3%(AUC=0.845,95%CI:0.788~0.902,P=0.012)。在验证队中使用该模型评分≥7分对SF/NRF预测的敏感度为78.2%,特异度为69.5%(AUC=0.752,95%CI:0.687~0.827,P=0.021)。在建模组、验证组和总人群中高危组(≥7分)住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)显著高于对照组。结论基于冠状动脉造(冠脉)影术中即刻新型评分系统对STEMI患者PPCI术中SF/NRF具有良好的预测价值,且高风险组患者住院期间MACE显著高于低风险组。

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后延长应用替格瑞洛对临床转归的影响

目的探讨老年(年龄≥65岁)急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后延长应用替格瑞洛对临床转归的影响。方法纳入2018年2月至2021年2月在秦皇岛市第一医院行PCI后接受替格瑞洛+阿司匹林双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)的≥65岁急性STEMI患者105例(应用DAPT评分系统评估均≥2分),在阿司匹林长期用药基础上,根据患者服用替格瑞洛时间不同分为对照组(n=37,使用时间为PCI治疗后1年)与观察组(n=68,在对照组基础上再延长替格瑞洛治疗1年),其中观察组根据延长应用替格瑞洛的剂量不同又分为2个亚组,即观察A组(n=40,标准剂量,90 mg/次,每日2次)和观察B组(n=28,小剂量,45 mg/次,每日2次)。比较3组患者急诊PCI术后心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)3级血流、心电图完全回落比例、血栓弹力图中的血小板功能(MA)、二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集率;随访1年,主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)、出血事件发生情况。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果PCI术后,观察A、B组的TIMI 3级血流患者比例显著高于对照组(χ^(2)=4.699、4.353;P=0.030、0.036),而观察A组与观察B组组间差异无统计学意义。PCI治疗后2年,观察A、B组血栓弹力图中的MA值、二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集率明显低于对照组(t=8.752、6.524;均P<0.001),但观察A组、观察B组比较差异无统计学意义。随访1年,3组总MACCE发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.354;P=0.039),其中观察组A、B组MACCE发生率均显著低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.769、5.082;P=0.028、0.024),但观察A组与观察B组间差异无统计学意义;3组患者出血事件发生率差异均无统计学意义。结论老年(≥65岁)STEMI患者(DAPT评分≥2分)PCI后延长应用替格瑞洛可能降低主要不良心脑血管事件发生率,且小剂量(45mg/次)替格瑞洛并未增加出血发生的风险,仍需长期随访观察进一步证实。

NLR与MSI对急性NSTEMI短期预后判断价值

目的本研究旨在探讨校正休克指数(MSI)和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)在判断急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者短期内可能出现不良预后的预测能力。方法研究组选择2020年3月到2021年9月期间,首次就诊急诊科明确诊断为急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死的276例患者。通过快速急诊绿道监测血压与心率,并于急诊科10 min内抽取血常规、床旁心脏彩超等相关化验检查,依据监测及化验结果,研究小组计算了校正休克指数(MSI)和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR),然后根据统计结果将患者分为2组:NLR≥5.0组(n=75)与NLR﹤5.0组(n=201);(2)MSI≥1.2组(n=57)与MSI<1.2组(n=219)。比较2组一般资料情况,发生不良心血管事件的比例,采用受试者ROC曲线下面积来评估NLR值和MSI值对NSTEMI院内不良心血管事件的预测能力。结果连续入选的276例NSTEMI患者中,发生不良心血管事件52例,占18.8%,心源性休克患者15例,占5.4%,恶性心律失常患者24例,占8.7%,死亡13例,占4.7%。NLR≥5.0与MSI≥1.2值组的心功能、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心率(HR)分别与NLR<5.0与MSI<1.2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NLR≥5.0与MSI≥1.2组MACE发生率分别高于NLR<5.0组与MSI<1.2组(P<0.05)。此外,NLR和MSI的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.734和0.703,提示NLR和MSI均具有评价急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者短期不良心血管事件发生能力。结论MSI与NLR是评估NSTEMI短期不良预后的两个简单的重要的易获得指标。

血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平与急性STEMI患者冠状动脉高血栓负荷的关系

目的探讨血清可溶性信号肽-CUB-表皮生长因子样结构域蛋白1(SCUBE1)、脂蛋白磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者冠状动脉高血栓负荷(HTB)的关系。方法选取126例急性STEMI患者(急性STEMI组),根据血栓分级分为HTB患者57例和非HTB患者69例;另选取87名健康体检者为对照组。用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2;用多因素Logistic回归分析急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的影响因素;用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平对急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的预测价值。结果急性STEMI组血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平高于对照组(P均<0.05)。HTB患者年龄、吸烟比例、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、白细胞计数、SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平高于非HTB患者(P均<0.05),两者性别、基础疾病、罪犯血管、Gensini评分、左室射血分数比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增加、吸烟和血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平升高为急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平联合预测急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的曲线下面积为0.874,大于二者单独预测的0.794、0.791(P均<0.05)。结论急性STEMI患者血清SCUBE1、Lp-PLA2水平升高与冠状动脉HTB密切相关,二者联合检测对急性STEMI患者冠状动脉HTB的预测价值较高。

巴中市80例急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者发生心力衰竭的危险因素分析

目的 分析巴中市急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者发生心力衰竭(HF)的现状及其影响因素。方法 选取2021年1月1日—2023年4月30日巴中市中心医院80例STEMI患者,根据有无发生HF分组,探寻可能导致STEMI患者HF的危险因素。结果 入组患者中28例发生HF,发生率35.00%。有HF组血清降钙素原(PCT)、总胆红素(TBiL)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血小板平均体积(MPV)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)表达均较无HF组高(t=13.176、10.485、32.544、10.113、4.254,P<0.05);组间其他资料比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);Logistic回归分析显示血清PCT、TBiL、hs-CRP、MPV、Hcy高表达是导致STEMI患者发生HF的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论 STEMI患者发生HF与血清PCT、TBiL、hs-CRP、MPV、Hcy指标高表达相关。

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术联合体外肺膜氧合成功救治急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死1例报道

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)是冠心病的严重类型之一,通过介入手段早期快速开通梗死相关动脉是改善预后的关键,部分急性STEMI患者易出现心源性休克,导致介入治疗无法实施。体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)技术通过呼吸和循环功能支持,使介入治疗的安全性和有效性得以提高。本文报告通过急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术联合ECMO成功救治1例STEMI患者的过程,并讨论如何提高急性STEMI尤其是合并心源性休克患者的救治成功率。

血清成纤维细胞生长因子21和脂肪酸结合蛋白4检测对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心力衰竭的预测价值

目的探究血清成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)和脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)检测对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后心力衰竭的预测价值。方法选取2020年9月至2022年9月内蒙古医科大学附属医院接诊的113例STEMI患者为研究对象,依据PCI术后1年是否发生心力衰竭(心衰),将其分为心衰组(n=32)和非心衰组(n=81)。应用ELISA法测定血清FGF21、FABP4表达水平,比较两组血清FGF21、FABP4水平,多因素logistic回归分析影响STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭的相关因素,ROC曲线评估血清FGF21、FABP4水平对STEMI患者PCI术后心力衰竭发生的预测价值。结果心衰组心率次数、C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、N末端B型利钠肽原(BNP)、利尿剂使用比例均显著高于非心衰组,左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著低于非心衰组(P<0.05)。心衰组血清FGF21、FABP4表达水平均明显高于非心衰组[(228.37±33.07)ng/L比(185.68±25.52)ng/L、(34.26±5.51)ng/ml比(26.87±4.67)ng/ml,t=7.345、7.195,P<0.05]。血清FGF21(95%CI 1.371~8.191)、FABP4(95%CI 1.176~4.090)及发病到至导丝通过时间(95%CI 1.058~8.157)是影响STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),LVEF(95%CI 0.473~0.913)是保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。血清FGF21、FABP4单独及二者联合预测STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.828、0.856、0.934,二者联合优于单一(Z二者联合-FGF21=1.971、Z二者联合-FABP4=2.417,P=0.048、P=0.015)。结论STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭血清FGF21、FABP4水平均明显升高,二者联合对STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭的风险具有更高的预测价值。

Roy适应模式在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者介入治疗后延续性护理中的应用效果

目的探讨Roy适应模式在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者介入治疗后延续性护理中的应用效果。方法选择2020年3月至2022年2月在河南省胸科医院接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的120例STEMI患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。对照组患者出院后采用常规延续护理干预,观察组患者给予基于Roy适应模式的延续性护理。分别于干预前、干预1 a时,应用创伤后成长评定量表(PTGI)评估2组患者的创伤后成长水平,Morisky服药依从性问卷(MAQ)评估2组患者的抗血小板、抗凝药物服用依从性,中国心血管病人生活质量评定问卷(CQQC)评估2组患者的生活质量;2组患者随访1 a,统计1 a内发生的主要心脏不良事件(MACE)。结果观察组药物服用依从性强患者占比显著高于对照组(χ^(2)=9.969,P<0.05)。干预前,2组患者的PTGI、CQQC评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预1 a时,2组患者的PTGI、CQQC评分显著高于干预前,且观察组患者的PTGI、CQQC评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组和观察组患者的MACE总发生率分别为23.33%(14/60)、8.33%(5/60),观察组患者的MACE总发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论Roy适应模式用于STEMI介入治疗后的延续护理中能显著提高患者创伤后成长水平及二级预防药物服用依从性,减少MACE发生,提高生活质量。