Successful emergency surgical intervention in acute non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction with rupture:A case report

BACKGROUND The incidence of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is rising,with cardiac rupture accounting for approximately 2%of deaths in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Ventricular free wall rupture(FWR)occurs in approximately 2%of AMI patients and is notably rare in patients with non-STEMI.Types of cardiac rupture include left ventricular FWR,ventricular septal rupture,and papillary muscle rupture.The FWR usually leads to acute cardiac tamponade or electromechanical dissociation,where standard resuscitation efforts may not be effective.Ventricular septal rupture and papillary muscle rupture often result in refractory heart failure,with mortality rates over 50%,even with surgical or percutaneous repair options.CASE SUMMARY We present a rare case of an acute non-STEMI patient who suffered sudden FWR causing cardiac tamponade and loss of consciousness immediate before undergoing coronary angiography.Prompt resuscitation and emergency open-heart repair along with coronary artery bypass grafting resulted in successful patient recovery.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the risks of AMI complications,shares a successful treatment scenario,and discusses measures to prevent such complications.

Dapagliflozin and sacubitril on myocardial microperfusion in patients with post-acute myocardial infarction heart failure and type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)frequently coexist,creating a complex and challenging clinical scenario,particularly when complicated with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).AIM To examine the effects of dapagliflozin combined with sakubactrovalsartan sodium tablets on myocardial microperfusion.METHODS In total,98 patients were categorized into control(n=47)and observation(n=51)groups.The control group received noxital,while the observation group was treated with dapagliflozin combined with noxital for 6 months.Changes in myocardial microperfusion,blood glucose level,cardiac function,N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)level,growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)level,and other related factors were compared between the two groups.Additionally,the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)and adverse reactions were calculated.RESULTS After treatment,in the observation and control groups,the corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame counts were 37.12±5.02 and 48.23±4.66,respectively.The NT-proBNP levels were 1502.65±255.87 and 2015.23±286.31 pg/mL,the N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide(NT-proANP)levels were 1415.69±213.05 and 1875.52±241.02 ng/mL,the GDF-15 levels were 0.87±0.43 and 1.21±0.56 g/L,and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)levels were 6.54±1.56 and 8.77±1.94 mg/L,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The cumulative incidence of MACEs in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was 13.73%(7/51)in the observation group and 10.64%(5/47)in the control group,with no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Dapagliflozin combined with nocinto can improve myocardial microperfusion and left ventricular remodeling and reduce MACE incidence in patients with post-AMI heart failure and T2DM.The underlying mechanism may be related to the reduction in the expression levels of NT-proANP,GDF-15,and hs-CRP.

Prognostic value of C-reactive protein levels within 6 hours after the onset of acute anterior myocardial infarction with primary PCI

Background Increased levels of inflammatory markers have been documented in various settings of coronary artery disease. The vulnerability of coronary lesions in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) at the time of onset may be related to serum levels of C reactive protein(CRP) on admission, before CRP levels are affected by myocardial damage.Objective This study assessed the predictive value of CRP levels within six hours after the onset of acute anterior myocardial infarction with primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods The plasma CRP of 76 patients with first acute anterior myocardial infarction was measured within 6 hours after onset. They were divided into 2 groups: group 1( n =20) with elevated CRP( ≥0.3mg/dl ) on admission within 6 hours after onset and group 2( n =56) with normal CRP( <0.3mg/dl ) within 6 hours after onset. All patients were treated by primary PCI. The primary combined end points, including death due to cardiac causes, re MI related to the infarction artery(RIA) and repeat intervention of the RIA, and the restenosis rate were assessed in relation to CRP levels within 6 hours after onset. Left ventricular end diastolic volume index(EDVI),end systolic volume index(ESVI),and ejection fraction(EF) on admission and 6 month after the onset were assessed by left ventriculography. Changes in EDVI(ΔEDVI),ESVI(ΔESVI), and EF(ΔEF) were obtained by subtracting respective on admission values from corresponding 6 month follow up values. Results There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The primary combined end points were significantly more frequent in group 1(20%) than those in group 2( 1.79% , P <0.01 ).In addition, restenosis rates were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2(41.18% vs 16.07%, P<0.05). Group 1 showed greater increases in left ventricular volume and less improvement in EF compared with group 2(ΔEDVI 6.31 ±2.17 vs 3.29 ±9.46ml/m 2 , ΔESVI 5.92 ±2.31 vs 3.86 ±1.08ml/m 2 , ΔEF 1.92 ±0.47 vs 4.79 ±1.73% , P <0.05 , respectively).Conclusions CRP levels within 6 hours after the onset of AMI might predict adverse outcome after primary PCI and progressive ventricular remodeling within 6 month of AMI.

Clinical significance of diabetes on symptom and patient delay among patients with acute myocardial infarction——an analysis from China Acute Myocardial Infarction(CAMI) registry

Background Diabetes is frequently associated with poor prognosis among acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients.Patients with these comorbidities often have atypical symptoms and subsequent delay in treatment.Few studies have reported detailed AMI symptoms in patients with diabetes.This study compared AMI symptoms and presentation characteristics between diabetics and non-diabetics.Methods We included patients from the China AMI registry diagnosed with AMI between January 2013 and September 2014.Baseline characteristics,symptomology,and delay in treatment were compared between diabetics and non-diabetics.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to explore independent predictors of atypical symptoms.Results A total of 4450(20.2%)patients had diabetes.They were older,more often women,higher in body mass index,and more likely to have non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.Fewer diabetic patients presented with persistent precordial chest pain(63.1%vs.68%,P<0.0001),diaphoresis(60.1%vs.65.6%,P<0.0001),fatigue(16.7%vs.18.3%,P=0.0123),and incontinence(0.4%vs.0.7%,P=0.0093).Time to hospital presentation was longer among patients with diabetes than those without.In multivariable analysis,diabetes was identified as an independent predictor of atypical symptoms(OR:1.112,95%CI:1.034?1.196).Conclusions Our study is the first large-scale study providing evidence that diabetics are less likely to present with typical chest pain and more likely to experience treatment delay when suffering from an AMI.Our results may increase clinician awareness of recognizing AMI patients rapidly to reduce diagnosis and treatment delay,particularly in the context of diabetes.

Long-term quality-of-care score for predicting the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is the leading cause of death globally,and diabetes mellitus(DM)is a well-established risk factor.Among the risk factors for CVD,DM is a major modifiable factor.In the fatal CVD outcomes,acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is the most common cause of death.AIM To develop a long-term quality-of-care score for predicting the occurrence of AMI among patients with type 2 DM on the basis of the hypothesis that good quality of care can reduce the risk of AMI in patients with DM.METHODS Using Taiwan’s Longitudinal Cohort of Diabetes Patients Database and the medical charts of a medical center,we identified incident patients diagnosed with type 2 DM from 1999 to 2003 and followed them until 2011.We constructed a summary quality-of-care score(with values ranging from 0 to 8)with process indicators(frequencies of HbA1c and lipid profile testing and urine,foot and retinal examinations),intermediate outcome indicators(low-density lipoprotein,blood pressure and HbA1c),and co-morbidity of hypertension.The associations between the score and the incidence of AMI were evaluated using Cox regression models.RESULTS A total of 7351 patients who had sufficient information to calculate the score were enrolled.In comparison with participants who had scores≤1,those with scores between 2 and 4 had a lower risk of developing AMI[adjusted hazard ratio(AHR)=0.71;95% confidence interval(95%CI):0.55-0.90],and those with scores≥5 had an even lower risk(AHR=0.37;95%CI:0.21-0.66).CONCLUSION Good quality of care can reduce the risk of AMI in patients with type 2 DM.The quality-of-care score developed in this study had a significant association with the risk of AMI and thus can be applied to guiding the care for these patients.

Impact of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction Presenting to a Tertiary Care Center of Nepal

Introduction: In comparison to anterior wall myocardial infarction, inferior wall myocardial infarction is generally regarded as a low risk event. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of right ventricular (RV) myocardial involvement in patients with inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI). Methods: This is an observational study of 82 consecutive IWMI patients admitted and treated in Manmohan Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplant Center (MCVTC) from May 15 2018 to June 15 2019. The clinical characteristics, risk factors profile, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, including RV function and angiographic characteristics, complications and in-hospital deaths were analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients presenting with IMWI was 64.8 ± 13.8 years with predominance of male (67%). Right ventricular myocardial infarction was present in 34.1% of patient with RV dysfunction in 25.6% patients. Mean Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE), RV tricuspid annulus (S') and RV Fractional area change (FAC) in patients with RV dysfunction vs patients without RV dysfunction were 12.2 ± 3.3 mm vs 22.5 ± 3.5 mm (p < 0.001), 7.54 ± 0.91 cm/s vs. 12.79 ± 2.16 cm/s respectively (p Conclusion: In inferior wall myocardial infarction, RV involvement with RV dysfunction is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality along with advanced age, complete atrioventricular block, higher Killip class, delayed hospital presentation, left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% and angiographic evidence of triple vessel disease.

Predictors and in-hospital prognosis of recurrent acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the contributing factors and in-hospital prognosis of patients with or without recurrent acute myocardial infarction （AMI）. Methods A total of 1686 consecutive AMI patients admitted to Peking University People＇s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015 were recruited. Their clinical characteristics were retrospectively compared between patients with or without a recurrent AMI. Then multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the predictors of recurrent myocardial infarction. Results Recurrent AMI patients were older （69.3 ± 11.5 vs. 64.7 ± 12.8 years, P 〈 0.001） and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus （DM） （52.2% vs. 35.0%, P 〈 0.001） compared with incident AMI patients, they also had worse heart function at admission, more severe coronary disease and lower reperfusion therapy. Age （OR = 1.03, 95% CI： 1.02-1.05; P 〈 0.001）, DM （OR = 1.86, 95% CI： 1.37-2.52; P 〈 0.001） and reperfusion therapy （OR = 0.74; 95% CI： 0.52-0.89; P 〈 0.001） were independent risk factors for recurrent AMI Recurrent AMI patients had a higher in-hospital death rate （12.1% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.039） than incident AMI patients. Conclusions Recurrent AMI patients presented with more severe coronary artery conditions. Age, DM and reperfusion therapy were independent risk factors for recurrent AMI, and recurrent AM1 was related with a high risk of in-hospital death.

INFERIOR-SEPTAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION MISDIAGNOSED AS ANTERIOR-SEPTAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION:ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC,SCINTIGRAPHIC,AND ANGIOGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS

Objective To explore the infarct sites in patients with inferior wall acute myocardial infarction （AMI） concomitant with ST segment elevation in leads V1-V3 and leads V3R-V5R. Methods Five patients diagnosed as inferior, right ventricular, and anteroseptal walls AMI at admission were enrolled. Electrocardiographic data and results of isotope ^99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile （MIBi） myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary angiography （CAG） were analyzed. Results Electrocardiogram showed that ST segment significantly elevated in standard leads Ⅱ, Ⅲ, aVF, and leads V1-V3, V3R-V5R in all five patients. The magnitude of ST segment elevation was maximal in lead V1 and decreased gradually from lead V1 to V3 and from lead V1 to V3R-V5R. There was isotope ^99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging defect in inferior and basal inferior-septal walls. CAG showed that right coronary artery was infarct-related artery. Conclusions The diagnostic criteria for basal inferior-septal wall AMI can be formulated as follows： （ 1 ） ST segment elevates ≥2 mm in lead V1 in the clinical setting of inferior wall AMI; （2） the magnitude of ST segment elevation is the tallest in lead V1 and decreases gradually from lead V1 to V3 and from lead V1 to V3R-V5R. With two conditions above, the basal inferior-septal wall AMI should be diagnosed.

Clinical characteristics,GRACE score,TIMI score and prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute coronary syndrome

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),the global registry of acute coronary events(GRACE)score,the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)score and clinical prognosis.Method:The study was a retrospective one-center observational study,continuous inclusion of 600 ACS patients diagnosed by coronary angiography in our hospital from October 2018 to July 2019.Collect general clinical data,laboratory examination results,imaging data and interventional treatment data of all patients.Were divided into:T2DM with ACS group(group DA)and non-T2DM with ACS(group NDA)according to whether or not they were associated with T2DM.According to the GRACE、TIMI score,the two groups were divided into high risk group,middle risk group and low risk group.All patients underwent coronary angiography to calculate the number of vascular lesions and Gensini scores.Design questionnaire,after discharge to 2 groups of patients by telephone or outpatient follow-up average of 10 months,statistics of the occurrence of MACE events.Result:Among the 600 patients included in the study,362 were male(60.3%)and 238 were female(39.7%)with mean age(64.7±10.3)years.The baseline data showed that the G、TG、UA、CR levels were higher in the DA group than in the NDA group;the proportion of men was lower than in the NDA group.The results of coronary angiography showed that the Gensini score of DA group was higher than that of NDA group,and the proportion of single lesion was lower than that of NDA group.The binary Logistic regression analysis suggested that age and CRP were independent risk factors for MACE events in patients with T2DM.GRACE risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,and there was no significant difference between low and middle risk group.TIMI risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,while the proportion of low and middle risk group was lower than that in NDA group.The ROC curve shows that the area(AUC)below the ROC curve that GRACE、TIMI score predicted the occurrence of MACE events in patients with T2DM and ACS was 0.707 and 0.586.Conclusion:Patients with T2DM and ACS had higher clinical risk stratification than without T2DM.GRACE score compared with the TIMI score had better predictive value for the occurrence of MACE events after discharge of T2DM with ACS patients.

Continuously Happened Three Mechanical Complications after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Report of a Rare Case

Revascularization to infarcted area after left ventricular free-wall rupture has been controversial. A 68-year-old man with acute myocardial infarction presented to our hospital and developed a left ventricular free-wall rupture. We repaired the left ventricular oozing rupture without culprit artery revascularization, however, followed by papillary muscle rupture and left ventricular blow-out rupture, which resulted in sudden death.

Update on evidence-based clinical application of sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors:Insight to uncommon cardiovascular disease scenarios in diabetes

In this paper,we concentrate on updating the clinical research on sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors(SGLTis)for patients with type 2 diabetes who have heart failure with a preserved injection fraction,acute heart failure,atrial fibrillation,primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease/cardiovascular disease,and acute myocardial infarction.We searched the data of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of SGLTis in patients with diabetes from PubMed between January 1,2020 and April 6,2024 for our review.According to our review,certain SGLTis(empagliflozin,dapagliflozin,canagliflozin,and tofogliflozin),but not sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 inhibitor(SGLT1i),exhibit relatively superior clinical safety and effectiveness for treating the abovementioned diseases.Proper utilization of SGLTis in these patients can foster clinical improvement and offer an alternative medication option.However,clinical trials involving SGLTis for certain diseases have relatively small sample sizes,brief intervention durations,and conclusions based on weak evidence,necessitating additional data.These findings are significant and valuable for providing a more comprehensive reference and new possibilities for the clinical utilization and scientific exploration of SGLTis.

Admission Glucose and In-hospital Mortality after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with or without Diabetes： A Cross-sectional Study

Background：Hyperglycemia on admission has been found to elevate risk for mortality and adverse clinical events after acute myocardial infarction （AMI）,but there are evidences that the relationship of blood glucose and mortality may differ between diabetic and nondiabetic patients.Prior studies in China have provided mixed results and are limited by statistical power.Here,we used data from a large,nationally representative sample of patients hospitalized with AMI in China in 2001,2006,and 2011 to assess if admission glucose is of prognostic value in China and if this relationship differs depending on the presence or absence of diabetes.Methods：Using a nationally representative sample of patients with AMI in China in 2001,2006,and 2011,we categorized patients according to their glucose levels at admission （〈3.9,3.9-7.7,7.8-11.0,and ≥11.1 mmol/L） and compared in-hospital mortality across these admission glucose categories,stratified by diabetes status.Among diabetic and nondiabetic patients,separately,we employed logistic regression to assess the differences in outcomes across admission glucose levels while adjusting for the same covariates.Results：Compared to patients with euglycemia （5.8%）,patients with moderate hyperglycemia （13.1%,odds ratio [OR] =2.44,95% confidence interval [CI,2.08-2.86]）,severe hyperglycemia （21.5%,OR =4.42,95% CI [3.78-5.18]）,and hypoglycemia （13.8%,OR =2.59,95% CI [1.68-4.00]）,all had higher crude in-hospital mortality after AMI regardless of the presence of recognized diabetes mellitus.After adjustment for patients＆#39; characteristics and clinical status,however,the relationship between admission glucose and in-hospital mortality was different for diabetic and nondiabetic patients （P for interaction =0.045）.Among diabetic patients,hypoglycemia （OR =3.02,95% CI [1.20-7.63]）,moderate hyperglycemia （OR =1.75,95% CI [1.04-2.92]）,and severe hyperglycemia （OR =2.97,95% CI [1.87-4.71]） remained associated with elevated risk for mortality,but among nondiabetic patients,only patients with moderate hyperglycemia （OR =2.34,95% CI [1.93-2.84]） and severe hyperglycemia （OR =3.92,95% CI [3.04-5.04]） were at elevated mortality risk and not hypoglycemia （OR =1.12,95% CI [0.60-2.08]）.This relationship was consistent across different study years （P for interaction =0.900）.Conclusions：The relationship between admission glucose and in-hospital mortality differs for diabetic and nondiabetic patients.Hypoglycemia was a bad prognostic marker among diabetic patients alone.The study results could be used to guide risk assessment among AMI patients using admission glucose.Trial Registration：www.clinicaltrials.gov,NCT01624883;https：// clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01624883.

Effects of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills on Ventricular Remodeling and Cardiac Function after Acute Anterior Wall ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction(CODE-AAMI):Protocol for a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background:Ventricular remodeling after acute anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(AAMI)is an important factor in occurrence of heart failure which additionally results in poor prognosis.Therefore,the treatment of ventricular remodeling needs to be further optimized.Compound Danshen Dripping Pills(CDDP),a traditional Chinese medicine,exerts a protective effect on microcirculatory disturbance caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury and attenuates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.Objective:This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CDDP in improving ventricular remodeling and cardiac function after AAMI on a larger scale.Methods:This study is a multi-center,randomized,doubleblind,placebo-controlled,parallel-group clinical trial.The total of 268 patients with AAMI after primary percutaneous coronary intervention(pPCI)will be randomly assigned 1:1 to the CDDP group(n=134)and control group(n=134)with a follow-up of 48 weeks.Both groups will be treated with standard therapy of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI),with the CDDP group administrating 20 tablets of CDDP before pPCI and 10 tablets 3 times daily after pPCI,and the control group treated with a placebo simultaneously.The primary endpoint is 48-week echocardiographic outcomes including left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic volume index(LVEDVI),and left ventricular end-systolic volume index(LVESVI).The secondary endpoint includes the change in N terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)level,arrhythmias,and cardiovascular events(death,cardiac arrest,or cardiopulmonary resuscitation,rehospitalization due to heart failure or angina pectoris,deterioration of cardiac function,and stroke).Investigators and patients are both blinded to the allocated treatment.Discussion:This prospective study will investigate the efficacy and safety of CDDP in improving ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in patients undergoing pPCI for a first AAMI.Patients in the CDDP group will be compared with those in the control group.If certified to be effective,CDDP treatment in AAMI will probably be advised on a larger scale.(Trial registration No.NCT05000411)

Atypical presentation of acute and chronic coronary artery disease in diabetics

In patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of mortality and chest pain is the most frequent symptom in patients with stable and acute coronary artery disease. However, there is little knowledge concerning the pervasiveness of uncommon presentations in diabetics. The symptomatology of acute coronary syndrome, which comprises both pain and non-pain symptoms, may be affected by traditional risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Such atypical symptoms may range from silent myocardial ischemia to a wide spectrum of non-chest pain symptoms. Worldwide, few studies have highlighted this under-investigated subject, and this aspect of ischemic heart disease has also been under-evaluated in the major clinical trials. The results of these studies are highly diverse which makes definitive conclusions regarding the spectrum of atypical presentation of acute and even stable chronic coronay artery disease difficult to confirm. This may have a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of coronary artery disease in diabetics. In this up-to-date review we will try to analyze the most recent studies on the atypical presentations in both acute and chronic ischemic heart disease which may give some emphasis to this under-investigated topic.

钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂对急性心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病患者临床指标及预后的影响

目的观察钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2抑制剂(SGLT-2i)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者临床指标及预后的影响。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年6月于安徽医科大学第二附属医院胸痛中心就诊后确诊AMI合并T2DM患者180例,根据入院后降糖方案分为对照组(79例,给予磺脲类、α-糖苷酶抑制剂、二甲双胍等药物)和观察组(101例,给予达格列净或恩格列净)。患者出院后定期随访,比较2组患者临床指标及主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果所有患者随访6~12个月,结果显示观察组白细胞计数小于对照组[(7.4±1.6)×10^(9)/L比(8.7±1.6)×10^(9)/L],左心室舒张末期内径改善优于对照组[(-0.527±1.462)mm比(1.359±2.111)mm](均P<0.05)。观察组MACE发生率低于对照组[5.4%(2/37)比25.0%(8/32)],差异有统计学意义(P=0.020)。结论SGLT-2i较其他降糖药物12个月内能改善AMI合并T2DM患者的心脏功能及预后,且能减轻该类患者的全身炎症反应。

中药黄芪的药理作用分析及临床应用效果

目的分析中药黄芪的药理作用及其临床应用效果。方法选取2022年10月—2023年10月青岛大学附属泰安市中心医院采用黄芪治疗的88例患者作为观察组,另选择同期应用西医治疗的88例作为对照组,观察运用中药黄芪后患者的临床疗效。结果观察组(95.45%)急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭总有效率高于对照组(72.73%)(P<0.05)。观察组(90.91%)扩张型心肌病伴心力衰竭总有效率高于对照组(68.18%)(P<0.05)。观察组糖尿病周围神经病变总有效率(100%)高于对照组(77.27%)(P<0.05)。观察组脑血栓总有效率(95.45%)高于对照组(68.18%)(P<0.05)。结论中药黄芪在治疗糖尿病周围神经病变、急性心肌梗死伴心衰、脑血栓后遗症以及扩张型心肌病合并心力衰竭患者中疗效较理想,为临床治疗提供有力依据,同时也为中药在心血管和神经系统疾病治疗中的应用提供新思路。但仍需要进一步的研究来验证其机制和安全性。

BNP、AngII、RDW及NLR对急性前壁心肌梗死患者术后左室收缩功能障碍的预测效能

目的:探讨脑钠肽(BNP)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)对急性前壁心肌梗死(AAMI)患者术后左室收缩功能障碍(LVSD)的预测效能。方法:选择我院2018年1月至2022年1月收治的160例AAMI患者,根据经皮冠脉介入术后的左室射血分数(LVEF)分为无LVSD组(LVEF>40%,110例)和LVSD组(LVEF≤40%,50例)。比较两组的基本资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析AAMI患者术后LVSD的影响因素,使用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析BNP、AngⅡ、RDW、NLR单独及联合检测对AAMI患者术后LVSD的预测价值。结果:与无LVSD组比较,LVSD组BNP[(347.52±82.66)pg/ml比(405.55±105.47)pg/ml]、AngⅡ[(238.11±20.43)ng/ml比(254.58±22.53)ng/ml]、RDW[(22.88±5.25)%比(25.52±5.58)%]、NLR[(4.34±1.09)比(5.31±1.50)]均显著升高(P均<0.01);BNP、AngⅡ、RDW、NLR均是影响AAMI患者术后LVSD的独立危险因素(OR=2.002~3.692,P<0.05或<0.01);BNP、AngⅡ、RDW、NLR联合检测对AAMI患者术后LVSD的预测价值显著高于单项检测[曲线下面积(AUC):0.809比0.650、0.696、0.641、0.694,P均<0.01]。结论:AAMI患者左心室收缩功能与BNP、AngⅡ、RDW及NLR有密切联系,上述指标联合检测可有效预测此类患者术后发生左心室收缩功能障碍。

艾司洛尔对急性心肌梗死PCI患者炎性因子及血清miR-29a、GDF-15的影响

目的 探究艾司洛尔对急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术患者的治疗效果,以及对患者炎性因子及血清微小核糖核酸-29a(miR-29a)、生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)的影响。方法 前瞻性选取2021年4月至2023年6月于新乡市中心医院行PCI术治疗的120例急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者。按照随机数字表法分为艾司洛尔组和对照组,每组60例。对照组予以常规治疗,艾司洛尔组在常规治疗基础上予以艾司洛尔注射液治疗24 h,比较两组安全性、心功能指标、炎性因子水平、心肌酶学、miR-29a、GDF-15的差异。结果 两组在症状性低血压、症状性心动过缓以及恶性心律失常发生率方面比较差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗1周后左心室射血分数与治疗前比较升高,左心室收缩末期容积指数、左心室舒张末期内径和BNP与治疗前比较降低(P<0.05);且艾司洛尔组治疗1周后左心室射血分数、左心室收缩末期容积指数、左心室舒张末期内径和BNP的变化优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗1周后CRP、髓过氧化物酶、IL-6、CK-MB、cTnI与治疗前比较均降低(P<0.05);且艾司洛尔组治疗1周后CRP、髓过氧化物酶、IL-6、cTnI的变化均优于对照组(P<0.05)。重复测量分析结果显示,两组治疗3 d、1周miR-29a、GDF-15与治疗前相比均降低(P<0.05),且治疗1周miR-29a、GDF-15低于治疗3 d(P<0.05)。艾司洛尔组治疗3 d、治疗1周miR-29a、GDF-15优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 艾司洛尔应用于行PCI术的急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者可有效改善心功能,降低炎性因子水平,减少心肌损伤,并降低血清miR-29a、GDF-15水平,同时安全性较好。

沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效

目的探究沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效。方法选取2022年3月—2023年3月齐齐哈尔市第一医院心内科收治急性前壁STEMI行急诊PCI治疗的患者80例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组40例和观察组40例,对照组以常规药物和依那普利治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗。治疗1个月后比较2组患者临床疗效,治疗前后血清学指标、左心室功能以及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率、治疗期间的不良反应。结果观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(97.50%vs.77.50%,χ^(2)/P=7.314/0.007);与治疗前比较,2组治疗后的N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)均下降,左心室射血分数(LVEF)均升高,且观察组各指标降低/升高幅度大于对照组(t/P=5.507/<0.001、11.006/<0.001、5.287/<0.001、4.297/<0.001、6.647/<0.001、2.330/0.022);观察组的MACE发生率低于对照组(5.00%vs.20.00%,χ^(2)/P=4.114/0.043);2组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后的患者疗效显著,患者的心功能有所改善,MACE发生率降低,且相对安全。

胸前导联QRS波群特征与经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的相关性研究

目的探讨影响经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者预后的胸前导联QRS波群危险特征,并建立基于胸前导联QRS波群特征的风险评分模型。方法选取2016年1月至2019年6月在中国中医科学院望京医院经PCI治疗的急性前壁STEMI患者273例,以术后随访期间发生主要心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiac event,MACE)为终点事件,根据患者出院时心电图胸前导联QRS波群特征,经Cox分析判断影响患者预后的胸前导联QRS波群危险特征,并据此建立基于心电图胸前导联QRS波群特征的风险评分模型。结果273例患者中MACE发生率为20.15%(55例),平均随访时间为(24.25±3.91)个月。Cox回归分析显示,QRS波群时限(HR=1.043,95%CI 1.025~1.061,P<0.001)、存在Q波(HR=2.078,95%CI 1.148~3.762,P=0.016)、存在碎裂QRS波群(HR=1.955,95%CI 1.121~3.409,P=0.018)、累计胸前导联个数≥3(HR=2.728,95%CI 1.409~5.282,P=0.003)、胸前导联累积R波幅度总和(HR=0.973,95%CI 0.955~0.992,P=0.005)、胸前导联R波振幅总和/(S波+Q波)振幅总和比值[R/(Q+S)](HR=0.291,95%CI 0.118~0.715,P=0.007)为预测本研究定义的MACE发生的胸前导联QRS波群危险特征。基于胸前导联QRS波群危险特征建立的风险评分模型预测MACE具有良好的准确性且AUC为0.722。结论基于心电图胸前导联QRS波群特征的风险评分预测模型在PCI治疗急性前壁STEMI患者中对预后判断具有一定的临床价值。