Comparative Study of Acute Coronary Syndrome with Persistent ST-Segment Elevation (STEMI) between Diabetics and Non-Diabetics in Dakar, Senegal

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the frequency of diabetic and non-diabetic patients admitted for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), assess their epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical profiles, and evaluate their therapeutic strategies and outcomes. Methodology: A descriptive, analytical, comparative study with prospective and retrospective data collection was conducted from April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021. Diabetic and non-diabetic patients with STEMI admitted to a cardiology department were included. STEMI diagnosis was based on clinical and electrocardiographic criteria showing persistent ST-segment elevation in at least two leads. All patients included in the study signed a written, informed consent form. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, with a p-value ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: STEMI prevalence was 15.27%, with 37.11% of patients being diabetic and 62.89% non-diabetic. Diabetic patients had a mean age of 59.2 ± 10.9 years, while non-diabetics averaged 58 ± 13.4 years. Diabetics were predominantly female (72.2%), whereas non-diabetics were mainly male (83.6%). Smoking was less frequent among diabetics (25% vs. 47.54%), but hypertension, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle were more common. Diabetics had an average of 3.5 ± 1.1 risk factors compared to 2.6 ± 1.2 in non-diabetics. Admission delay was longer for diabetics (34.8 ± 51.6 hours vs. 23.3 ± 52.3 hours). Chest pain was the main symptom in both groups. Electrocardiograms showed that anterior and inferior infarctions were most frequent. Triple vessel disease and severe complications, such as cardiogenic shock, were more common in diabetics, who also had higher mortality (5.56% vs. 3.28%). Conclusion: Diabetic STEMI patients represent a high-risk group with distinct clinical features, longer admission delays, and a greater accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.

Effects of omeprazole or pantoprazole on platelet function in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome patients receiving clopidogrel

Background: This study evaluated the effect of omeprazole or pantoprazole on platelet reactivity in non-STsegment elevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS) patients receiving clopidogrel.Methods: Consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS(n =620) from general hospital of Shenyang Military Command were randomized to the omeprazole or pantoprazole(20mg/d) group(1:1), and received routine dual antiplatelet treatment. Patients' reversion rate of adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation(ADP-PA) was assessed at baseline, 12 to 24 h after administration of medication, and after 72 h of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). The primary endpoint of the study was platelet reactivity assessed with ADP-PA at 30 days after PCI. Adverse events(AEs) were recorded for 30-day and 180-day follow-up periods.Results: There were no significant differences between both the groups in platelet response to clopidogrel at 12–24h after drug administration(54.09%±18.90% vs. 51.62%±19.85%, P=0.12), 72 h after PCI(52.15%±19.45% vs. 49.66%±20.05%, P=0.18), and 30 days after PCI(50.44%±14.54% vs. 48.52%±15.08%, P=0.17). The rate of AEs did not differ significantly between groups during the 30-day(15.2% vs. 14.8%, P=0.91) and 180-day(16.5% vs. 14.5%, P=0.50) follow-up periods after PCI.Conclusion: The addition of omeprazole or pantoprazole to clopidogrel did not restrict the effect of platelet aggregation by reducing the conversion of clopidogrel. Compared with clopidogrel alone, pantoprazole-clopidogrel and omeprazoleclopidogrel combinations did not increase the incidence of adverse clinical events during 30-day and 180-day follow-up periods after PCI.

Value of GRACE and SYNTAX scores for predicting the prognosis of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND GRACE and SYNTAX scores are important tools to assess prognosis in non-STelevation acute coronary syndrome(NSTE-ACS).However,there have been few studies on their value in patients receiving different types of therapies.AIM To explore the value of GRACE and SYNTAX scores in predicting the prognosis of patients with NSTE-ACS receiving different types of therapies.METHODS The data of 386 patients with NSTE-ACS were retrospectively analyzed and categorized into different groups.A total of 195 patients who received agents alone comprised the medication group,156 who received medical therapy combined with stents comprised the stent group,and 35 patients who were given agents and underwent coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)comprised the CABG group.General information was compared among the three groups.GRACE and SYNTAX scores were calculated.The association between the relationship between GRACE and SYNTAX scores and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)was analyzed.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the factors influencing prognosis in patients with NSTE-ACS.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the predictive value of GRACE and SYNTAX scores for predicting prognosis in patients with NSTE-ACS using the Cox proportional-hazards model.RESULTS The incidence of MACE increased with the elevation of GRACE and SYNTAX scores(all P<0.05).The incidence of MACE was 18.5%,36.5%,and 42.9%in the medication group,stent group,and CABG group,respectively.By comparison,the incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the medication group than in the stent and CABG groups(all P<0.05).The incidence of MACE was 6.2%,28.0%and 40.0%in patients with a low GRACE score in the medication group,stent group,and CABG group,respectively(P<0.05).The incidence of MACE was 31.0%,30.3%and 42.9%in patients with a medium GRACE score in the medication group,stent group,and CABG group,respectively(P>0.05).The incidence of MACE was 16.9%,46.2%,and 43.8%in patients with a high GRACE score in the medication group,stent group,and CABG group,respectively(P<0.05).The incidence of MACE was 16.2%,35.4%and 60.0%in patients with a low SYNTAX score in the medication group,stent group,and CABG group,respectively(P<0.05).The incidence of MACE was 37.5%,40.9%,and 41.7%in patients with a medium SYNTAX score in the medication group,stent group,and CABG group,respectively(P>0.05).MACE incidence was 50.0%,75.0%,and 25.0%in patients with a high SYNTAX score in the medication group,stent group,and CABG group,respectively(P<0.05).Univariate Cox regression analyses showed that both GRACE score(hazard ratio[HR]=1.212,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.083 to 1.176;P<0.05)and SYNTAX score(HR=1.160,95%CI:1.104 to 1.192;P<0.05)were factors influencing MACE(all P<0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that GRACE(HR=1.091,95%CI:1.015 to 1.037;P<0.05)and SYNTAX scores(HR=1.031,95%CI:1.076 to 1.143;P<0.05)were independent predictors of MACE(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION GRACE and SYNTAX scores are of great value for evaluating the prognosis of NSTE-ACS patients,and prevention and early intervention strategies should be used in clinical practice targeting different risk scores.

N-Terminal Pro-BNP in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with ST Elevation versus Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

The study aimed to evaluate the differences in secretion of NT-proBNP and conventional cardiac markers in patients with STE-ACS vs NSTE-ACS as a trial to solve the dilemma of the early detection of myocardial ischemia in NSTE-ACS. Sixty two patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) divided into 2 groups according to ECG: group1 with elevated ST segment in ECG (STE-ACS) and group 2 with non elevated ST segment (NSTE-ACS).Twenty healthy subjects with matched age and sex were enrolled as control group in this study. In the sera of all subjects, levels of NT –proBNP, CK-MB and troponin-T were measured by different kits. CK-MB and TnT were both significantly higher in STE-ACS patients compared to NSTE-ACS patients. Conversely, NT-proBNP was significantly higher in NSTE-ACS patients than STE-ACS especially within 4 hours from onset of chest pain. Comparison between NT-proBNP, TnT and CK-MB levels by ROC curves revealed area under the curves = 0.68, 0.31, 0.17 respectively. NT-proBNP at cutoff 415 pg/mL in NSTE-ACS patients had higher sensitivity and specificity (92%, 39%;respectively) than other markers that will help in earl diagnosis of NSTE-ACS.

Impact of invasive treatment strategy on health-related quality of life six months after non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundFew studies have compared change in the health-related quality of life （HRQL） following treatment of non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome （NSTE-ACS） with either percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） or coronary artery bypass grafting （CABG）. This study is tocompare changes in HRQL six months after hospital discharge between NSTE-ACS pa-tients who underwent either PCI or CABG.Methods HRQL was assessed using the Seattle angina questionnaire at admission and six months after discharge in 1012 consecutive patients with NSTE-ACS. To assess associations of PCI and CABG with HRQL changes, logistic regression models were constructed treating changes in the score of each dimension of the Seattle angina question-naire as dependent variables.Results Although both the PCI and CABG groups experienced angina relief and other improvements at 6-month follow-up （P〈0.001）, the CABG relative to PCI group showed more significant improvements in angina frequency （P= 0.044） and quality of life （P= 0.028）. In multivariable logistic analysis, CABG also was an independent predictor for both im-provement of angina frequency （OR： 1.62, 95%CI： 1.09-4.63,P= 0.042） and quality of life （OR： 2.04, 95%CI： 1.26-6.92,P= 0.038） relative to PCI.Conclusions In patients with NSTE-ACS, both PCI and CABG provide great improvement in disease-specific health status at six months, with that of CABG being more prominent in terms of angina frequency and quality of life.

Acute Coronary Syndrome with Persistent ST Segment Elevation Isolated in aVR: A Case Study

A 53 years old female patient with hypertension presented with constrictive retrosternal chest pain. Initial Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ST elevation in aVR and high level cardiac Troponin-I. Thrombolysis with streptokinase was performed and she underwent?coronary angiography who showed a long tight anterior inter ventricular lesion, occlusion of the proximal circumflex and an intermediate lesion of segment 2 of the right coronary.

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者左心室血栓形成的影响因素及其Nomogram风险预测模型构建

目的探讨老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者左心室血栓(LVT)形成的影响因素,并构建Nomogram风险预测模型。方法将华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2020年1月至2023年12月收治的873例急性STEMI患者以7∶3分为训练集(n=611)和验证集(n=262)。根据训练集患者LVT发生情况分为非LVT组(n=549)和LVT组(n=62)。多因素logistic回归分析急性STEMI患者发生LVT的影响因素;利用R软件rms程序包构建预测急性STEMI患者LVT发生风险的Nomogram模型,并通过ROC及Hosmer-Lemeshow检验验证其预测效能。结果与非LVT组比较,LVT组血红蛋白(Hb)[(131.15±15.99)g/L比(143.28±16.71)g/L]和左心室射血分数(LVEF)[(39.99±5.01)%比(45.24±6.69)%]明显较低(t=5.441、5.991,P<0.05),合并室壁瘤(37.10%比20.40%)、基线心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)血流分级0级(59.68%比44.81%)、未形成冠状动脉侧支循环(88.71%比72.13%)以及未进行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)或药物溶栓的占比(69.35%比48.82%)明显较高(χ^(2)=9.022、4.953、7.921、9.403,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归显示,Hb(OR=0.948)和LVEF(OR=0.868)为急性STEMI患者发生LVT的保护因素(P<0.05),合并室壁瘤(OR=6.812)、基线TIMI血流分级0级(OR=6.884)、未形成冠状动脉侧支循环(OR=7.273)、未进行急诊PCI或药物溶栓(OR=4.173)为其独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC分析显示,训练集AUC为0.871(95%CI 0.830~0.912),验证集为0.838(95%CI 0.731~0.945);Hosmer-Lemeshow检验中训练集χ^(2)=11.379,P=0.181,验证集χ^(2)=11.261,P=0.187。结论急性STEMI患者LVT的发生与Hb、LVEF、室壁瘤、基线TIMI分级、冠状动脉侧支循环形成及是否接受急诊PCI或药物溶栓密切相关,基于这些因素构建的Nomogram预测模型区分度及一致性良好,有助于临床预测。

急性STEMI患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的影响因素分析及风险预测Nomogram模型构建

目的分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(primary percutaneous coronary intervention,pPCI)术后6个月内主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)的影响因素,并构建风险预测Nomogram模型。方法回顾性分析2020年6月至2022年12月安阳市人民医院收治的519例行pPCI术的急性STEMI患者的临床资料,将其按照2∶1的比例随机分为模型组(n=346)和验证组(n=173)。根据pPCI术后6个月内MACE的发生情况,将模型组患者分为发生组和未发生组,采用Logistic回归分析筛选急性STEMI患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的影响因素,构建风险预测Nomogram模型并对其进行验证。结果Killip心功能III/IV级、术后TIMI分级≤2级、术后无复流、N末端B型钠尿肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、碎裂QRS波(fragmented QRS wave,fQRS波)、超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C reactive protein,hs-CRP)是急性STEMI患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的影响因素(P<0.05)。模型组和验证组的校准曲线显示,Nomogram模型校准曲线和理想曲线的一致性良好,两组Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果分别为χ^(2)=2.135、P=0.977,χ^(2)=3.756、P=0.878;受试者工作特征曲线显示,该模型预测模型组和验证组患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的曲线下面积分别为0.827、0.811;决策曲线显示,急性STEMI患者根据该模型预测pPCI术后6个月内MACE发生风险的净收益较高。结论Killip心功能III/IV级、术后TIMI分级≤2级、术后无复流、NT-proBNP、LVEF、fQRS波及hs-CRP是急性STEMI患者pPCI术后6个月内MACE的影响因素,以此构建的风险预测Nomogram模型的预测效能及适用性较好,可用于预测急性STEMI患者预后。

Staged Revascularization for Chronic Total Occlusion in the Non-IRA in Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention:An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objectives:Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of staged revascularization with concomitant chronic total occlusion(CTO)in the non-infarct-associated artery(non-IRA)in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention(p-PCI).Methods:Various electronic databases were searched for studies published from inception to June,2021.The primary endpoint was all-cause death,and the secondary endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiac events(MACEs).Odds ratios(ORs)were pooled with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for dichotomous data.Results:Seven studies involving 1540 participants were included in thefinal analysis.Pooled analyses revealed that patients with successful staged revascularization for CTO in non-IRA with STEMI treated with p-PCI had overall lower all-cause death compared with the occluded CTO group(OR,0.46;95%CI,0.23–0.95),cardiac death(OR,0.43;95%CI,0.20–0.91),MACEs(OR,0.47;95%CI,0.32–0.69)and heart failure(OR,0.57;95%CI,0.37–0.89)com-pared with the occluded CTO group.No significant differences were observed between groups regarding myocardial infarction and repeated revascularization.Conclusions:Successful revascularization of CTO in the non-IRA was associated with better outcomes in patients with STEMI treated with p-PCI.

Risk stratification for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in the era of primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Acute coronary syndromes presenting with ST elevation are usually treated with emergency reperfusion/revascularisation therapy. In contrast current evidence and national guidelines recommend risk stratification for non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI) with the decision on revascularisation dependent on perceived clinical risk. Risk stratification for STEMI has no recommendation. Statistical risk scoring techniques in NSTEMI have been demonstrated to improve outcomes however their uptake has been poor perhaps due to questions over their discrimination and concern for application to individuals who may not have been adequately represented in clinical trials. STEMI is perceived to carry sufficient risk to warrant emergency coronary intervention [by primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI)] even if this results in a delay to reperfusion with immediate thrombolysis. Immediate thrombolysis may be as effective in patients presenting early, or at low risk, but physicians are poor at assessing clinical and procedural risks and currently are not required to consider this. Inadequate data on risk stratification in STEMI inhibits the option of immediate fibrinolysis, which may be cost-effective. Currently the mode of reperfusion for STEMI defaults to emergency angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention ignoring alternative strategies. This review article examines the current risk scores and evidence base for risk stratification for STEMI patients. The requirements for an ideal STEMI risk score are discussed.

The Relationship Between Mean Platelet Volume and In-Hospital Mortality in Geriatric Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective:We planned to investigate the effect of mean platelet volume(MPV)on in-hospital mortality and coronary risk factors in geriatric patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:We enrolled 194 consecutive STEMI patients.The study population was divided into two groups on the basis of admission MPVs.The high-MPV group(n=49)included patients in the highest tertile(>8.9 fL),and the low-MPV group(n=145)included patients with a value in the lower two tertiles(≤8.9 fL).Clinical characteristics,in-hospital mortality,cardiovascular risk factors,and outcomes of primary PCI were analyzed.Results:The patients in the high-MPV group were older,more of them had three-vessel disease,and they had higher in-hospital mortality.Patients with in-hospital death were older,had higher Gensini score,creatinine concentration,and MPV,and had lower HDL cholesterol concentration.MPV,age,HDL cholesterol concentration,creatinine concentration,and Gensini score were found to be independent predictors of in-hospital death.Conclusion:These results suggest that high admission MPV levels are associated with increased in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.

地中海饮食模式和急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死发生风险的关系研究

目的探讨地中海饮食模式与急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)发生风险的相关性。方法本研究是一项单中心大型病例对照研究。收集2017年1月至2020年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院首次确诊为急性NSTEMI的患者600例作为急性NSTEMI组。根据年龄、性别进行1∶1匹配选取同期本院体检中心健康体检者600人作为对照组。比较2组一般资料。根据饮食频率调查问卷计算出改良地中海饮食评分(AMEDS)。将所有受试者按AMEDS分为AMEDS<4分组、AMEDS 4~5分组和AMEDS≥6分组。分析总体及不同AMEDS组的急性NSTEMI发生风险,分析AMEDS中不同种类食物与急性NSTEMI发生风险的相关性。结果急性NSTEMI组有高血压病、糖尿病病史的患者比例、收缩压、体重指数、目前吸烟者比例均高于对照组,家庭收入≥120000元/年的比例、AMEDS均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相对于AMEDS<4分组的受试者而言,AMEDS 4~5分组以及AMEDS≥6分组受试者急性NSTEMI发生风险明显降低(调整年龄、性别、受教育年限、家庭年收入、病史、体重指数、血压、血红蛋白、生活方式等多个协变量后的多因素分析比值比=0.72,95%置信区间:0.53~0.94,P=0.031;比值比=0.62,95%置信区间:0.47~0.84,P=0.008)。将患者按年龄和性别进行分层,多因素回归分析后发现,随AMEDS增加,急性NSTEMI发生风险降低的趋势在男性和年龄<60岁的人群依然存在(均P<0.05),在女性和≥60岁的人群中,趋势差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),同时分层之间交互性分析后差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。AMEDS食物种类分析结果显示,蔬菜、鱼类降低急性NSTEMI发生风险,红肉或加工肉类增加其发生风险(比值比=0.51,95%置信区间:0.42~0.66,P<0.001;比值比=0.75,95%置信区间:0.59~0.94,P=0.010;比值比=1.51,95%置信区间:1.21~1.90,P<0.001)。结论地中海饮食模式和急性NSTEMI的发生相关,改良地中海饮食的高依从性可能降低急性NSTEMI的发生风险。

三种冠状动脉内灌注用药方案对高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肌灌注及短期预后的影响

目的探讨三种冠状动脉内灌注用药方案对高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后心肌灌注及短期预后的影响。方法前瞻性、单中心、随机对照研究。纳入2017年3月至2021年8月焦作市人民医院心内科高血栓负荷STEMI患者150例,按照分层区组随机化原则等分为三组各50例。A组:尼可地尔+替罗非班靶血管灌注;B组:尿激酶原+替罗非班靶血管灌注;C组:尼可地尔+尿激酶原+替罗非班靶血管灌注。于PCI术前、术后即刻检测记录梗死相关动脉(IRA)的心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)、校正的TIMI血流帧数(CTFC);于PCI术前、术后24 h记录心电图的ST段回落幅度;记录IRA开通后24 h内Curtis-Walker评分及恶性心律失常例数;于PCI术前、术后0 h、12 h、24 h、3 d及7 d检测血清高敏肌钙蛋白I(hs-cTnI);于PCI术前、术后24 h及7 d检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD);于PCI术前、术后7 d、术后1个月、术后6个月及术后12个月检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)。随访记录患者住院期间及出院后30 d内的出血事件及术后12个月内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)。结果(1)PCI术后即刻,C组患者的TIMI血流分级、TMPG均优于A组(Z=-16.610,P=0.023;Z=-18.400,P=0.015)和B组(Z=-15.130,P=0.046;Z=16.550,P=0.035);C组患者的CTFC帧数低于A组(P<0.001)和B组(P=0.001)。(2)PCI术后,C组患者的血清hs-cTnI水平低于A组和B组(均为P<0.001)。(3)PCI术后,C组患者的MDA水平低于A组和B组(均为P<0.001),SOD水平高于A组(P=0.004)和B组(P=0.024)。(4)PCI术后24 h,C组患者的ST段回落幅度大于A组(P=0.003)和B组(P=0.012),Curtis-Walker评分及恶性心律失常发生率低于A组(P=0.008、0.015)和B组(P=0.014、0.034)。(5)PCI术后,C组患者的LVEF水平高于A组和B组(均为P<0.001)。(6)住院期间及出院后30 d内,三组患者均未发生大出血,少量出血和微量出血的发生率比较无统计学差异(χ^(2)=1.385,P=0.500);术后12个月内,C组患者的MACE发生率低于A组和B组(χ^(2)=7.400,P=0.025)。结论尼可地尔+尿激酶原+替罗非班靶血管灌注具有协同作用,可有效改善STEMI患者PCI术后的心肌灌注,减轻术后心肌损伤和氧化应激损伤,促进ST段回落,降低恶性心律失常发生率,有效促进心功能恢复,减少心血管不良事件,且不增加术后出血。

血清成纤维细胞生长因子21和脂肪酸结合蛋白4检测对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心力衰竭的预测价值

目的探究血清成纤维细胞生长因子21(FGF21)和脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)检测对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后心力衰竭的预测价值。方法选取2020年9月至2022年9月内蒙古医科大学附属医院接诊的113例STEMI患者为研究对象,依据PCI术后1年是否发生心力衰竭(心衰),将其分为心衰组(n=32)和非心衰组(n=81)。应用ELISA法测定血清FGF21、FABP4表达水平,比较两组血清FGF21、FABP4水平,多因素logistic回归分析影响STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭的相关因素,ROC曲线评估血清FGF21、FABP4水平对STEMI患者PCI术后心力衰竭发生的预测价值。结果心衰组心率次数、C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、N末端B型利钠肽原(BNP)、利尿剂使用比例均显著高于非心衰组,左心室射血分数(LVEF)显著低于非心衰组(P<0.05)。心衰组血清FGF21、FABP4表达水平均明显高于非心衰组[(228.37±33.07)ng/L比(185.68±25.52)ng/L、(34.26±5.51)ng/ml比(26.87±4.67)ng/ml,t=7.345、7.195,P<0.05]。血清FGF21(95%CI 1.371~8.191)、FABP4(95%CI 1.176~4.090)及发病到至导丝通过时间(95%CI 1.058~8.157)是影响STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),LVEF(95%CI 0.473~0.913)是保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。血清FGF21、FABP4单独及二者联合预测STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.828、0.856、0.934,二者联合优于单一(Z二者联合-FGF21=1.971、Z二者联合-FABP4=2.417,P=0.048、P=0.015)。结论STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭血清FGF21、FABP4水平均明显升高,二者联合对STEMI患者PCI术后发生心力衰竭的风险具有更高的预测价值。

不同剂量他汀类药物对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的老年ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、辛伐他汀对接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的老年ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的影响。方法 前瞻性选取接受PCI的180例STEMI患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组,每组30例。A组口服低剂量辛伐他汀,B组口服高剂量辛伐他汀,C组口服低剂量阿托伐他汀,D组口服高剂量阿托伐他汀,E组口服低剂量瑞舒伐他汀,F组口服高剂量瑞舒伐他汀。比较各组患者血清炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]、心肌损伤标志物[肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)]、心功能指标[左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心脏指数(CI)、心排血量(CO)]水平、ST段回落情况及不良心血管事件、不良反应发生情况。结果 术后1 d、术后1个月时,A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组的IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均依次降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1 d、术后1个月时,A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组的cTnT、CK-MB、NT-proBNP水平均依次降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月时,A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组的LVEF、CO、CI均依次升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组的ST段回落者占比依次升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组患者不良心血管事件总发生率、不良反应总发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 低剂量、高剂量的阿托伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、辛伐他汀应用于PCI术后STEMI患者,均可有效减轻炎症反应,改善心肌功能,促进ST段回落,其中高剂量瑞舒伐他汀效果最佳。

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并心脏破裂的列线图模型建立

[目的]分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者发生心脏破裂(CR)的风险因素,并依此构建急性STEMI患者合并CR的列线图模型。[方法]通过宁夏医科大学总医院大数据研究平台、医院信息系统检索连续纳入2015年1月—2019年12月急性STEMI患者5412例,其中合并CR的91例患者为CR组,5321例未合并CR患者为非CR组。运用LASSO回归、单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析急性STEMI患者合并CR的风险因素,并建立CR的列线图预测模型。分别运用受试者工作特征曲线、Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、临床决策曲线分析法(DCA)对建立的列线图模型进行验证和评估。[结果]LASSO回归结果显示年龄、女性、高血压病史、首次医疗接触时间、休克指数、Killip分级、白细胞计数、D二聚体、乳酸、前壁心肌梗死、24 h内服用β受体阻滞剂、24 h内服用血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ACEI/ARB)药物、急诊PCI共13个变量为CR的风险因素(P<0.05)。把筛选出的13个风险因素分别进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,结果提示年龄、Killip分级、首次医疗接触时间、白细胞计数、未行急诊PCI、24 h内未服用ACEI/ARB药物是急性STEMI患者合并CR的风险因素。依据上述6个风险变量建立急性STEMI合并CR列线图模型。该列线图模型内部验证前后ROC曲线下面积分别为0.946(95%CI:0.927~0.961)、0.947(95%CI:0.927~0.959),灵敏度分别为0.957、0.904,特异度分别为0.858、0.876,说明该模型具有较好的区分度。运用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验证明该模型的预测价值和实际观测值之间的偏差没有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.70,P=0.122),说明列线图模型具有较好的校准度。DCA曲线提示模型的预测概率阈值在0.00~0.40之间,临床净获益最高,说明具有较好的临床效能。[结论]本研究建立的列线图模型有较好的区分度、校准度和临床效能,能有效预测急性STEMI合并CR的发生概率,为临床诊疗工作提供一定帮助,以期降低CR发生率。

氯吡格雷联合替格瑞洛对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者OCT指标的影响

目的基于光学相干断层成像(OCT)指标探讨氯吡格雷联合替格瑞洛对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的影响。方法回顾性选取江苏省滨海县人民医院2020年1月至2023年1月收治的急性STEMI患者105例,根据治疗方案的不同分为常规组(52例)和联合组(53例)。两组患者均予氯吡格雷治疗,联合组患者加用替格瑞洛,均治疗12个月。结果联合组患者的总有效率为84.91%,显著高于常规组的65.38%(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合组患者的最小纤维帽厚度显著大于常规组(P<0.05),脂质弧度显著小于常规组(P<0.05),且联合组的改善幅度均显著大于常规组(P<0.05);两组患者的最小管腔面积无显著差异(P>0.05),但联合组最小管腔面积增大量显著高于常规组(P<0.05);两组患者的全血黏度、血浆黏度、血细胞比容均显著降低(P<0.05),且联合组均显著低于常规组(P<0.05)。联合组患者的不良反应发生率为5.66%,显著低于常规组的19.23%(P<0.05)。结论氯吡格雷联合替格瑞洛治疗急性STEMI的临床疗效良好,可改善患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性,促进血管功能恢复,且安全性良好。

沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效

目的探究沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效。方法选取2022年3月—2023年3月齐齐哈尔市第一医院心内科收治急性前壁STEMI行急诊PCI治疗的患者80例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组40例和观察组40例,对照组以常规药物和依那普利治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗。治疗1个月后比较2组患者临床疗效,治疗前后血清学指标、左心室功能以及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率、治疗期间的不良反应。结果观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(97.50%vs.77.50%,χ^(2)/P=7.314/0.007);与治疗前比较,2组治疗后的N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)均下降,左心室射血分数(LVEF)均升高,且观察组各指标降低/升高幅度大于对照组(t/P=5.507/<0.001、11.006/<0.001、5.287/<0.001、4.297/<0.001、6.647/<0.001、2.330/0.022);观察组的MACE发生率低于对照组(5.00%vs.20.00%,χ^(2)/P=4.114/0.043);2组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后的患者疗效显著,患者的心功能有所改善,MACE发生率降低,且相对安全。

对比冠状动脉内注射替奈普酶与替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的有效性及安全性

目的观察对比冠状动脉内靶向应用替奈普酶和替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2021年8月-2023年8月南京医科大学附属明基医院接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的STEMI患者46例,根据治疗方案分为观察组(冠状动脉内注射替奈普酶)21例,对照组(冠状动脉内注射替罗非班)25例。比较两组支架个数、心肌梗死溶栓试验(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)血流分级、TIMI血栓分级、校正的TIMI血流帧数计数(CTFC)、手术后2 hST段回落幅度(STR)≥50%百分比、术后N-末端B型脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、术后72 h左室射血分数、住院期间出血事件和心血管不良事件发生率。结果有效性方面,给药后观察组TIMI血栓分级、CTFC均优于对照组(P<0.05),观察组术后左室射血分数、术后NT-proBNP均优于对照组(P<0.05),两组支架个数、TIMI血流分级、术后2 hSTR≥50%占比差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);安全性方面,两组住院期间出血事件、心血管不良事件发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论STEMI患者,PCI联合冠状动脉内注射替奈普酶和替罗非班均安全、有效,且替奈普酶优于替罗非班。

老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后延长应用替格瑞洛对临床转归的影响

目的探讨老年(年龄≥65岁)急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后延长应用替格瑞洛对临床转归的影响。方法纳入2018年2月至2021年2月在秦皇岛市第一医院行PCI后接受替格瑞洛+阿司匹林双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)的≥65岁急性STEMI患者105例(应用DAPT评分系统评估均≥2分),在阿司匹林长期用药基础上,根据患者服用替格瑞洛时间不同分为对照组(n=37,使用时间为PCI治疗后1年)与观察组(n=68,在对照组基础上再延长替格瑞洛治疗1年),其中观察组根据延长应用替格瑞洛的剂量不同又分为2个亚组,即观察A组(n=40,标准剂量,90 mg/次,每日2次)和观察B组(n=28,小剂量,45 mg/次,每日2次)。比较3组患者急诊PCI术后心肌梗死溶栓治疗(TIMI)3级血流、心电图完全回落比例、血栓弹力图中的血小板功能(MA)、二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集率;随访1年,主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)、出血事件发生情况。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较采用t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果PCI术后,观察A、B组的TIMI 3级血流患者比例显著高于对照组(χ^(2)=4.699、4.353;P=0.030、0.036),而观察A组与观察B组组间差异无统计学意义。PCI治疗后2年,观察A、B组血栓弹力图中的MA值、二磷酸腺苷诱导的血小板聚集率明显低于对照组(t=8.752、6.524;均P<0.001),但观察A组、观察B组比较差异无统计学意义。随访1年,3组总MACCE发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.354;P=0.039),其中观察组A、B组MACCE发生率均显著低于对照组(χ^(2)=4.769、5.082;P=0.028、0.024),但观察A组与观察B组间差异无统计学意义;3组患者出血事件发生率差异均无统计学意义。结论老年(≥65岁)STEMI患者(DAPT评分≥2分)PCI后延长应用替格瑞洛可能降低主要不良心脑血管事件发生率,且小剂量(45mg/次)替格瑞洛并未增加出血发生的风险,仍需长期随访观察进一步证实。