Expression of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and effects of inhibitor Wortmannin on expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in severe acute pancreatitis associated with acute lung injury

BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury(ALI) is a common and serious complication of severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). The study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase(PI3K) inhibitor Wortmannin in SAP associated with ALI.METHODS: Ninety rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation(SO) group(n=30), SAP group(n=30), and SAP+Wortmannin(SAP+W) group(n=30). SAP model was induced by retrograde injection of 4% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct of rats. The rate of lung water content, myeloperoxidase(MPO), matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9), protein kinase B(PKB), abdphosphorylation of protein kinase B(P-PKB) activity in the lung tissue were evaluated.RESULTS: In the SAP group, the p-PKB expression in the lung tissue began to rise at 3 hours after modeling, and peaked at 12 hours(P<0.05); the rate of lung water content, MPO and TNF-α activity were also gradually increased, and the degree of lung lesion gradually increased(P<0.05). In the SAP+Wortmannin group, the p-PKB expression in the lung tissue began to rise at 3 hours after modeling, and peaked at 12 hours; it was higher than that in the SO group(P<0.05), but significantly lower than that in the SAP group(P<0.05). The rest indicators in the SAP+Wortmannin group were also significantly decreased as compared with the SAP group(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The expression of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B was elevated in severe pancreatitis rats with lung injury. This suggested that PI3 K signal transduction pathway is involved in the control and release of proinfl ammatory cytokines TNF-α, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis associated with lung injury. This finding indicated that Wortmannin can block the PI3 K signal transduction pathway, and inhibit the release of infl ammatory factor TNF-α.

Lipopolysaccharide Challenge Induces Long Pentraxin 3 Expression in Mice Independently from Acute Lung Injury

Objective To determine whether the onset of acute lung injury （ALl） induces the up-regulation of pentraxin 3 （PTX3） expression in mice and whether PTX3 concentration in the biofluid can help recognizing sepsis-induced ALI. Methods Wild-type C57BL/6 mice （12-14 weeks old） were randomly divided into 3 groups. Mice in the group 1 （n=12） and group 2 （n=12） were instilled with lipopolysaccharide via intratracheal or intraperitoneal routes, respectively. Mice in the group 3 （n=8） were taken as blank controls. Pulmonary morphological and functional alterations were measured to determine the presence of experimental ALl. PTX3 expression in the lung was quantified at both protein and mRNA levels. PTX3 protein concentration in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was measured to evaluate its ability to diagnose sepsis-induced ALI by computing area under receiver operator characteristic curve （AUROCC）. Results ALl was commonly confirmed in the group 1 but never in the other groups. PTX3 expression was up-regulated indiscriminately among lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. PTX3 protein concentration in the biofluid was unable to diagnose sepsis-induced ALl evidenced by its small AUROCC. PTX3 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not correlate with that in serum. Conclusions Lipopolysaccharide challenges induced PTX3 expression in mice regardless of the presence ofALI. PTX3 may act as an indicator of inflammatory response instead of organ injury per se.

Effects of ω-3 fatty acids on toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB p56 in lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM To determine the effects of ω-3 fatty acids(ω-3FA) on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor κB p56(NF-κBp56) signal pathway in the lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS A total of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, SAP-saline group, SAP-soybean oil group and SAP-ω-3FA group. SAP was induced by the retrograde infusion of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in the lungs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the lungs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in lungs and of inflammatory cytokines in serum significantly increased in the SAP group compared with the control group(P < 0.05), but was significantly decreased in the ω-3FA group compared with the soybean oil group at 12 and 24 h(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION During the initial stage of SAP, ω-3FA can efficiently lower the inflammatory response and reduce lung injury by triggering the TLR4/NF-κBp56 signal pathway.

Interleukin-22 ameliorates acute severe pancreatitisassociated lung injury in mice

AIM: To investigate the potential protective effect of exogenous recombinant interleukin-22(r IL-22) on L-arginine-induced acute severe pancreatitis(SAP)-associated lung injury and the possible signaling pathway involved.METHODS: Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with L-arginine to induce SAP. Recombinant mouse IL-22 was then administered subcutaneously to mice. Serum amylase levels and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity in the lung tissue were measured after the L-arginine administration. Histopathology of the pancreas and lung was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. Expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-x L and IL-22RA1 m RNAs in the lung tissue was detected by real-time PCR. Expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: Serum amylase levels and MPO activity in the lung tissue in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(P < 0.05). In addition, the animals in the SAP group showed significant pancreatic and lung injuries. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x L m RNAs in the SAP group was decreased markedly, while the IL-22RA1 m RNA expression was increased significantly relative to the normal control group(P < 0.05). Pretreatment with PBS did not significantly affect the serum amylase levels, MPO activity or expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x L or IL-22RA1 m RNA(P > 0.05). Moreover, no significant differences in the degrees of pancreatic and lung injuries were observed between the PBS and SAP groups. However, the serum amylase levels and lung tissue MPO activity in the r IL-22 group were significantly lower than those in the SAP group(P < 0.05), and the injuries in the pancreas and lung were also improved. Compared with the PBS group, r IL-22 stimulated the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x L and IL-22RA1 m RNAs in the lung(P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of p-STAT3 to STAT3 protein in the r IL-22 group was significantly higher than that in the PBS group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Exogenous recombinant IL-22 protects mice against L-arginine-induced SAP-associated lung injury by enhancing the expression of anti-apoptosis genes through the STAT3 signaling pathway.

TSPO deficiency exacerbates acute lung injury via NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis

Background:Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common cause of respiratory failure in many critically ill patients.Although inflammasome activation plays an important role in the induction of acute lung injury(ALI)and ARDS,the regulatory mechanism of this process is still unclear.When cells are stimulated by inflammation,the integrity and physiological function of mitochondria play a crucial part in pyroptosis.However,the underlying mechanisms and function of mitochondrial proteins in the process of pyroptosis are largely not yet known.Here,we identified the 18-kDa translocator protein(TSPO),a mitochondrial outer membrane protein,as an important mediator regulating nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich repeat,and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in macrophages during ALI.Methods:TSPO gene knockout(KO)and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI/ARDS mouse models were employed to investigate the biological role of TSPO in the pathogenesis of ARDS.Murine macrophages were used to further characterize the effect of TSPO on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was preformed through LPS+adenosine triphosphate(ATP)co-stimulation,followed by detection of mitochondrial membrane potential,reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,and cell death to evaluate the potential biological function of TSPO.Comparisons between two groups were performed with a two-sided unpaired t-test.Results:TSPO-KO mice exhibited more severe pulmonary inflammation in response to LPS-induced ALI.TSPO deficiency resulted in enhanced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway,promoting more proinflammatory cytokine production of macrophages in LPS-injured lung tissue,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-18,and macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-2.Mitochondria in TSPO-KO macrophages tended to depolarize in response to cellular stress.The increased production of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular pattern led to enhanced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and pyroptosis in TSPO-KO cells.Conclusion:TSPO may be the key regulator of cellular pyroptosis,and it plays a vital protective role in ARDS occurrence and development.

Yemazhui(Herba Eupatorii Lindleyani)ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via modulation of the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B/nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 protein signaling pathway and intestinal flor

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of Yemazhui(Herba Eupatorii Lindleyani,HEL)against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI)and explore its underlying mechanism in vivo.METHODS:The chemical constituents of HEL were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatographyquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method.Then,HEL was found to suppress LPS-induced ALI in vivo.Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control,LPS,Dexamethasone(Dex),HEL low dose 6 g/kg(HEL-L),HEL medium dose 18 g/kg(HEL-M)and HEL high dose 54 g/kg(HEL-H)groups.The model rats were intratracheally injected with 3 mg/kg LPS to establish an ALI model.Leukocyte counts,lung wet/dry weight ratio,as well as myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity were determined followed by the detection with hematoxylin and eosin staining,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence.Besides,to explore the effect of HEL on ALI-mediated intestinal flora,we performed 16s rRNA sequencing analysis of intestinal contents.RESULTS:HEL attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in lung tissue and intestinal flora disturbance.Mechanism study indicated that HEL suppressed the lung coefficient and wet/dry weight ratio of LPS-induced ALI in rats,inhibited leukocytes exudation and MPO activity,and improved the pathological injury of lung tissue.In addition,HEL reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factoralpha,interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum,and inhibited nuclear displacement of nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κBp65).And 18 g/kg HEL also reduced the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),myeloid differentiation factor 88,NF-κBp65,phosphorylated inhibitor kappa B alpha(phospho-IκBα),nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 protein(NLRP3),IL-1β,and interleukin-18(IL-18)in lung tissue,and regulated intestinal flora disturbance.CONCLUSIONS:In summary,our findings revealed that HEL has a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI in rats,and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and improving intestinal flora disturbance.

Protective Effects of Danmu Extract Syrup on Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice through Endothelial Barrier Repair

Objective:To investigate the effects of Danmu Extract Syrup(DMS) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in mice and explore the mechanism.Methods:Seventy-two male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table(n=12),including control(normal saline),LPS(5 mg/kg),LPS+DMS 2.5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 10 mL/kg,and LPS+Dexamethasone(DXM,5 mg/kg) groups.After pretreatment with DMS and DXM,the ALI mice model was induced by LPS,and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected to determine protein concentration,cell counts and inflammatory cytokines.The lung tissues of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin,and the wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) of lung tissue was calculated.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin BALF of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of Claudin-5,vascular endothelial(VE)-cadherin,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt) and Akt were detected by Western blot analysis.Results:DMS pre-treatment significantly ameliorated lung histopathological changes.Compared with the LPS group,the W/D ratio and protein contents in BALF were obviously reduced after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The number of cells in BALF and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity decreased significantly after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).DMS pre-treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β(P<0.01).Meanwhile,DMS activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) pathway and reversed the expressions of Claudin-5,VE-cadherin and VEGF(P<0.01).Conclusions:DMS attenuated LPS-induced ALI in mice through repairing endothelial barrier.It might be a potential therapeutic drug for LPS-induced lung injury.

基于JAK2/STAT3通路探讨阿奇霉素对脂多糖诱导肺泡上皮细胞的保护作用

目的探究阿奇霉素(AZI)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人肺泡上皮细胞增殖生长、迁移的作用及相关机制。方法体外培养人肺泡上皮细胞A549,分为对照组(不做干预)、LPS组(10μg/ml LPS处理24 h)、低/中/高剂量实验组(10μg/ml LPS+2、4、8μg/ml AZI)、AZI组(10μg/ml LPS+4μg/ml AZI)、抑制剂组(10μg/ml LPS+50μmol/L JAK2/STAT3通路抑制剂AG490)、AZI+抑制剂组(10μg/ml LPS+4μg/ml AZI+50μmol/L AG490)、AZI+激活剂组(10μg/ml LPS+4μg/ml AZI+0.5μmol/L JAK2/STAT3通路激活剂Colivelin)。干预24 h后,采用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、倒置显微镜、划痕法、蛋白免疫印迹(WB)法检测炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-6表达水平、细胞生长、迁移率、上皮间质转化(EMT)及JAK2/STAT3信号通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果LPS组细胞活力较对照组下降(P<0.05)。中/高剂量实验组细胞活力较LPS组上升(P<0.05)。因此选择有显著差异的较低浓度(4μg/ml AZI)作为AZI组进行后续实验。与对照组相比,LPS组细胞生长受抑制,TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)表达降低(P<0.05),细胞迁移率、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、纤维粘连蛋白(FN)、p-JAK2、p-STAT3蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。与LPS组相比,AZI组和抑制剂组显著扭转了上述指标的变化(P<0.05)。与AZI组相比,AZI+抑制剂组细胞生长状态较好,E-cadherin蛋白表达进一步升高(P<0.05),细胞迁移率、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、N-cadherin、Vimentin、FN、p-JAK2、p-STAT3蛋白表达进一步降低(P<0.05),AZI+激活剂组则显著逆转了上述指标的变化(P<0.05)。结论阿奇霉素能够通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路减轻对A549细胞的炎症损伤,促进细胞生长,并抑制其迁移与上皮间质转化(EMT)进程。

连翘苷调节NLRP3炎性通路对急性胸膜炎大鼠肺损伤的影响

目的探讨连翘苷通过调节NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)炎性通路对急性胸膜炎大鼠渗出液和肺损伤的影响。方法将90只大鼠采用随机数字表法均分为对照组、模型组、连翘苷低剂量(PH-L,5 mg/kg)组、连翘苷中剂量(PH-M,10 mg/kg)组、连翘苷高剂量(PH-H,20 mg/kg)组及NLRP3通路抑制剂(PJ34,10 mg/kg)组。肺功能分析仪检测大鼠用力肺活量(FVC)、第0.1秒用力呼气量(FEV 0.1)、第0.3秒用力呼气量(FEV 0.3);电子天平称量胸腔渗出物质量;瑞氏染色检测渗出物白细胞数;酶联免疫吸附试验检测渗出液中前列腺素E2(PGE2)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量;全自动血气分析仪检测大鼠动脉CO_(2)分压[p(CO_(2))]、动脉氧分压[p(O_(2))];HE染色观察肺组织病理学变化;免疫组织化学染色检测NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)、胱天蛋白酶1(Caspase-1)蛋白表达;Western blot检测NLRP3通路蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠胸腔渗出物质量和白细胞数、渗出液PGE2、MCP-1、IL-6、TNF-α含量、p(CO_(2))、NLRP3通路蛋白表达增加,FVC、FEV 0.1、FEV 0.3、p(O_(2))降低,肺组织出现明显的病理损伤(P<0.05);与模型组比较,PH各组和PJ34组大鼠胸腔渗出物质量、白细胞数、渗出液PGE2、MCP-1、IL-6、TNF-α含量、p(CO_(2))、NLRP3通路蛋白表达降低,FVC、FEV 0.1、FEV 0.3、p(O_(2))增加,肺组织病理损伤好转(P<0.05);与PH-H组比较,PJ34组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论PH可通过抑制NLRP3通路激活,抑制炎症反应,改善急性胸膜炎引起的肺损伤。

IL-6通过调控JAK2/STAT3信号通路减轻急性肺损伤的机制研究

目的探讨IL-6通过调控酪氨酸蛋白激酶2(JAK2)/信号传导与转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号通路减轻急性肺损伤(ALI)的机制。方法将人肺癌细胞A549细胞分为空白对照组、脂多糖(LPS)组、LPS+IL-6过表达组、LPS+IL-6干扰组、LPS+空载组。空白对照组细胞正常培养,LPS组LPS处理细胞,LPS+IL-6过表达组LPS处理细胞后转染IL-6过表达质粒,LPS+IL-6干扰组LPS处理细胞后转染IL-6干扰质粒,LPS+空载组LPS处理细胞后转染空载质粒。采用细胞计数试剂盒法检测细胞增殖率,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率和活性氧(ROS)水平,试剂盒检测丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,ELISA法检测炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平,qRT-PCR法检测IL-6、JAK2、STAT3 mRNA表达水平,Western blot法检测磷酸化JAK2(p-JAK2)/JAK2、磷酸化STAT3(p-STAT3)/STAT3蛋白表达水平。结果与空白对照组比较,过表达IL-6可增加LPS诱导的ALI细胞凋亡率、ROS、MDA、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平,JAK2、STAT3 mRNA表达水平,p-JAK2、p-STAT3蛋白表达水平,降低细胞增殖率和SOD水平;干扰IL-6则相反。结论IL-6可通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路的激活,降低氧化应激和炎症反应,从而减轻ALI。

Effect of SecinH3 on lung injury induced by sepsis of rats

Objective:To study effect of SecinH3 on lung injury induced by the sepsis of rats.Methods:A total of 30 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups,including 5 rats in the control group and 25 in the model group.The intraperitoneal injection of endotoxinlipopolysaccharide(LPS) was performed to build the animal model of sepsis.The blood gas analysis was carried out.Afterwards,change in the expression of pro-inflammatory factors of IL-1,IL-6 and TNF- a in the serum were detected.To study the mechanism of SecinH3 in the process of lung injury induced by the sepsis,the rats with the successful modeling of sepsis were randomly divided into two groups.Rats in the SecinH3 group were given the intraperitoneal injection of 100 μg/12 h SecinH3 for 24 h;while rats in the control group were given the injection of same solvent by the same dosage.The blood was drawn from the heart by 500 μL for the blood gas analysis to detect the change in the expression of proinflammatory factors of IL-1,IL-6 and TNF-α in the treatment group and control group.After separating the lung tissue,the Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to analyze the effect of SecinH3 on the expression of cytohesins and also discuss the change of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and p-EGFR related to the signaling pathway of EGFR-p38mitogen-activated protein kinase that is regulated by cytohesins.Results:Three rats died within 4 h after the injection of LPS,while other 22 ones had the successful modeling,with the success rate of 88%.After being stimulated by LPS,compared with the control group,the arterial partial pressure of oxygen of rats in the treatment group was significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the partial pressure of CO_2 was significantly increased(P<0.01).After being treated by SecinH3,Pa/O_2 was increased with the sepsis,while Pa/CO_2 was decreased with the action of SecinH3,which indicated that SecinH3 had the certain 'repairing' ability for the lung injury.SecinH3 might inhibit the cytohesins and then inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR.Conclusions:SecinH3 can significantly inhibit the cytohesins and then relieve the lung injury induced by the sepsis of rats.

大黄素调节NLRP3/IL-1β/CXCL1信号通路改善急性呼吸衰竭大鼠炎症反应和肺损伤的实验研究

目的 探究大黄素对急性呼吸衰竭大鼠炎症反应、肺损伤的影响以及对NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)/白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)/CXC趋化因子配体1(CXCL1)信号通路的调控作用。方法 支气管滴入大肠杆菌脂多糖构建急性呼吸衰竭大鼠模型,成功造模70只,随机分成模型组,大黄素低(10 mg/kg)、中(20 mg/kg)、高(40 mg/kg)剂量组,大黄素+NLRP3激动剂[40 mg/kg大黄素+10 mg/kg NLRP3激动剂(BMS-986299)]组;每组14只。另取14只健康大鼠以相同方法支气管滴入等量生理盐水设为对照组。各组大鼠以相应方法连续干预7 d(每日1次)。肺功能仪和全自动血气分析仪检测大鼠呼吸频率、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2));酶联免疫吸附法检测肺组织炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)];苏木素-伊红染色观察肺组织病理学;荧光定量PCR和蛋白印迹法检测肺组织NLRP3、IL-1β、CXCL1信使RNA(mRNA)和蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组肺组织结构被破坏,肺泡壁充血,大量炎性细胞浸润,肺泡水肿,呼吸频率、PaCO_(2)及肺组织TNF-α、IL-8、NLRP3、IL-1β、CXCL1 m RNA和蛋白表达显著升高,PaO_(2)显著降低(P <0.05);与模型组比较,大黄素低、中、高剂量组肺组织病变逐渐减轻,肺泡结构逐渐完整,炎性细胞浸润逐渐减少,呼吸频率、PaCO_(2)及肺组织TNF-α、IL-8、NLRP3、IL-1β、CXCL1 mRNA和蛋白表达呈剂量依赖性降低,PaO_(2)呈剂量依赖性升高(P <0.05);大黄素高剂量组比较,大黄素高剂量+NLRP3激动剂组肺组织损伤明显加重,炎性细胞浸润增加,呼吸频率、PaCO_(2)及肺组织TNF-α、IL-8、NLRP3、IL-1β、CXCL1 mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高,PaO_(2)显著降低(P <0.05)。结论 大黄素可能通过抑制NLRP3/IL-1β/CXCL1信号通路,改善急性呼吸衰竭大鼠血气指标、炎症反应和肺损伤,发挥对肺的保护作用。

抗炎通腑方对脓毒症急性肺损伤大鼠mtDNA-STING-NLRP3信号通路的影响

目的探讨抗炎通腑方对脓毒症急性肺损伤(ALI)大鼠的影响及作用机制。方法将35只大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、地塞米松(DEX)组、中药(TCM)组和TCM+DEX组,每组7只。分别给予相应药物灌胃、造模。酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、IL-18、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量及血清中巨噬细胞计数;采用实时荧光定量多聚核苷酸链式反应(RT-qPCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)检测肺组织中干扰素基因刺激因子(STING)、磷酸化干扰素基因刺激因子(P-STING)、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白信使核糖核酸(ASC mRNA)和相关蛋白的表达水平。测定肺组织湿/干比(W/D),观察肺组织病理学改变。检测肺组织中巨噬细胞表达情况。结果与正常组比较,各组指标显著升高;与模型组比较,DEX组、TCM组及TCM+DEX组各指标均显著降低。与模型组比较,TCM+DEX组改变最为明显,肺组织损伤改善,W/D值(4.77±0.29 vs.3.78±0.48)及巨噬细胞计数(13.39±2.06 vs.7.09±1.42)均降低(P<0.05),IL-6(152.51±22.27 vs.58.92±13.53)、IL-1β(126.19±10.02 vs.45.69±6.67)、IL-18(59.12±6.31 vs.31.75±4.23)及TNF-α(126.57±8.25 vs.49.59±8.12)水平均降低(P均<0.01),肺组织中线粒体DNA(mtDNA)损伤及释放、P-STING(0.32±0.03 vs.0.16±0.03)、STING mRNA(19.24±2.70 vs.0.32±0.16)、NLRP3 mRNA(20.03±5.06 vs.1.20±0.04)、ASC mRNA(16.96±4.31 vs.3.41±2.52)和相关蛋白的表达均降低(P<0.01)。结论抗炎通腑方可能通过调控mtDNA-STING-NLRP3信号通路减轻脓毒症ALI大鼠的炎症。

基于PI3K/PKB信号通路变化探究清胰汤在急性胰腺炎相关性肺损伤治疗中的应用价值及作用机制

目的:基于磷脂酰肌醇3羟激酶(PI3K)/磷酸化蛋白激酶B(PKB)信号通路变化探究清胰汤在急性胰腺炎相关性肺损伤治疗中的应用价值及作用机制。方法:选取2020年8月~2022年11月我院收治的98例急性胰腺炎相关性肺损伤患者,随机分为对照组与观察组各49例,对照组给予常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用中药清胰汤治疗,均治疗2周,比较两组患者的临床疗效,肠胃恢复状况(发热、腹胀腹痛、恶心呕吐及肠鸣音恢复时间),血氧指标[血氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(OI)水平],血清学指标[淀粉酶(AMY)、脂肪酶(LPS)、PI3K、PKB水平],生活质量[生活质量核心问卷(QLQ-C30)评分]以及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率为91.84%高于对照组的73.47%(P<0.05);观察组患者恶心呕吐、腹胀腹痛、发热、肠鸣音等肠胃状况恢复时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的PaO_(2)、OI水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的血清AMY、LPS、PI3K、PKB水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的QLQ-C30评分低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者均未见有明显严重不良反应发生,且两组间不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:清胰汤对急性胰腺炎相关性肺损伤有较好的临床治疗效果,可有效缓解患者症状,提高生活质量,用药安全性好,PI3K/PKB信号通路激活被抑制是其主要作用机制之一。

Jinyinqingre Oral Liquid alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway

Acute lung injury(ALI)is a prevalent and severe clinical condition characterized by inflammatory damage to the lung endothelial and epithelial barriers,resulting in high incidence and mortality rates.Currently,there is a lack of safe and effective drugs for the treatment of ALI.In a previous clinical study,we observed that Jinyinqingre oral liquid(JYQR),a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation prepared by the Taihe Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine,exhibited notable efficacy in treating inflammation-related hepatitis and cholecystitis in clinical settings.However,the potential role of JYQR in ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and its anti-inflammatory mechanism remains unexplored.Thus,the present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of JYQR in ALI using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI and an in vitro RAW264.7 cell model.JYQR yielded substantial improvements in LPS-induced histological alterations in lung tissues.Additionally,JYQR administration led to a noteworthy reduction in total protein levels within the BALF,a decrease in MPAP,and attenuation of pleural thickness.These findings collectively highlight the remarkable efficacy of JYQR in mitigating the deleterious effects of LPS-induced ALI.Mechanistic investigations revealed that JYQR pretreatment significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and downregulated the expressions of the downstream proteins,namely NLRP3 and GSDMD,as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels in mice and RAW2647 cells.Consequently,JYQR alleviated LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway.JYQR exerts a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI in mice,and its mechanism of action involves the downregulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD inflammatory pathway.

丙氨酰谷氨酰胺通过JAK2/STAT3通路减轻失血性休克小鼠急性肺损伤的作用机制

目的研究N(2)-L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺(NLAG)通过Janus激酶2(JAK2)/信号传导与活化转录因子3(STAT3)通路减轻失血性休克小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的作用及机制。方法选择野生型雄性C57BL/6小鼠分为对照组、模型组、NLAG+模型组、Ad-NC组、Ad-NC+模型组、Ad-NC+NLAG+模型组和Ad-JAK2+NLAG+模型组,每组8只。采用心脏穿刺、抽取30%总血量的方法建立失血性休克致ALI模型,造模前30 min给予生理盐水或NLAG腹腔注射干预,造模前2周给予相应的腺病毒Ad-NC或Ad-JAK2尾静脉注射。造模后24 h计算肺指数=肺湿重/体质量,肺组织进行HE染色并计算肺损伤评分,检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和p-JAK2、p-STAT3表达水平。结果模型组肺指数,肺损伤评分,肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、MDA含量及p-JAK2、p-STAT3表达高于对照组,SOD活性低于对照组(P<0.05);NLAG+模型组肺指数,肺损伤评分,肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、MDA含量及p-JAK2、p-STAT3表达低于模型组,SOD活性高于模型组(P<0.05);尾静脉注射腺病毒后,Ad-JAK2+NLAG+模型组肺指数,肺损伤评分,肺组织TNF-α、IL-6、MDA含量及p-JAK2、p-STAT3表达高于Ad-NC+NLAG+模型组,SOD活性低于Ad-NC+NLAG+模型组(P<0.05)。结论NLAG明显减轻失血性休克小鼠的ALI,该作用与抑制JAK2/STAT3通路介导的炎症反应和氧化应激有关。

基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路探讨积雪草酸对急性肺损伤大鼠氧化应激和NLRP3炎症小体的影响

目的 观察积雪草酸对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤大鼠氧化应激和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体相关蛋白的影响,并探讨其相关分子机制。方法 将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、积雪草酸低剂量组、积雪草酸高剂量组和地塞米松组,每组12只。除对照组外,其余组大鼠均采用LPS气管滴注法建立急性肺损伤模型。模型建立成功后第2天,积雪草酸低、高剂量组大鼠分别腹腔注射25 mg/kg和75 mg/kg积雪草酸溶液,地塞米松组大鼠腹腔注射2 mg/kg地塞米松注射液,对照组和模型组大鼠腹腔注射等量生理盐水,均1次/d,连续注射8周。HE染色观察大鼠肺组织病理形态,称重法计算肺组织湿/干重比值,TUNEL染色检测大鼠肺组织细胞凋亡情况,试剂盒检测大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量,Western blot法检测肺组织中NLRP3、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、髓样分化蛋白88(MyD88)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)和磷酸化NF-κB(p-NF-κB)表达情况。结果 与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织可见明显病理损伤,肺组织湿/干重比值、细胞凋亡率、支气管肺泡灌洗液中MDA含量和肺组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、TLR4、MyD88蛋白相对表达量及p-NF-κB/NF-κB比值均显著升高(P均<0.05),支气管肺泡灌洗液中SOD、GSH-Px含量均显著降低(P均<0.05)。与模型组比较,积雪草酸低、高剂量组和地塞米松组大鼠肺组织病理损伤显著改善,肺组织湿/干重比值、细胞凋亡率、支气管肺泡灌洗液中MDA含量和肺组织中NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-1、TLR4、MyD88蛋白相对表达量及p-NF-κB/NF-κB比值均显著降低(P均<0.05),支气管肺泡灌洗液中SOD、GSH-Px含量均显著升高(P均<0.05),且积雪草酸高剂量组和地塞米松组大鼠上述指标变化均显著优于积雪草酸低剂量组(P均<0.05)。结论 积雪草酸可通过抑制氧化应激和NLRP3炎症小体激活减轻LPS诱导的急性肺损伤,其作用机制可能与调控TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路有关。

基于PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路探究虫草素对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期大鼠肺损伤及炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨虫草素对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)大鼠肺损伤、炎症反应及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、虫草素低剂量(80 mg/kg)组、虫草素高剂量(160 mg/kg)组和地塞米松(0.09 mg/kg)组。除对照组(14只)外,其余各组大鼠采用烟熏法联合脂多糖制备AECOPD模型,建模结束后,各组大鼠(各14只)给予对应药物干预14 d。采用全自动血气分析仪检测大鼠腹主动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))水平;采用苏木精-伊红染色观察大鼠肺组织病理学变化并进行肺损伤评分;采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测肺组织中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平;采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹法分别检测大鼠肺组织中PI3K、Akt、mTOR信使RNA(mRNA)和蛋白水平。结果:对照组大鼠肺组织细胞排列规则,结构正常;与对照组相比,模型组大鼠肺组织肺泡破裂,有明显中性粒细胞浸润,并且可见肺泡壁增厚,且有胶原蛋白沉淀,动脉血PaO_(2)水平显著降低(P<0.05),肺损伤评分、肺组织中IL-6、TNF-α、PI3K、Akt及mTOR的mRNA和蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,虫草素低、高剂量组大鼠肺组织肺泡壁逐渐变薄,中性粒细胞浸润程度逐渐减轻,肺泡结构逐渐趋于正常,动脉血PaO_(2)水平依次升高(P<0.05),肺损伤评分、肺组织中IL-6、TNF-α、PI3K、Akt及mTOR的mRNA和蛋白水平依次降低(P<0.05),上述差异均有统计学意义。地塞米松组与虫草素高剂量组大鼠肺组织病理学变化及各项指标水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:虫草素可减轻AECOPD大鼠的肺损伤,抑制炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的激活有关。

3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury as a potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent

Enhanced inflammatory response and oxidative stress cause acute lung injury(ALI). Controlling inflammation and oxidation can ameliorate ALI. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone(compound 1)could ameliorate lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced ALI by suppressing inflammation and oxidation. In this study, compound 1 reduced LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, compound 1 suppressed the expression of inflammatory protein p65, inhibited IkBα phosphorylation, decreased the nuclear translocation of p65, and increased the expressions of anti-oxidative protein nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), which was reduced by LPS, in leukemia cells in mouse macrophage(RAW 264.7) cells. Furthermore, compound 1 could also ameliorate LPS-induced ALI in vivo, with a reduction of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway activation. This study emphasized the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of compound 1, which could be a valuable therapeutic agent against ALI.

血必净注射液对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤大鼠炎症反应及细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察血必净注射液对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤大鼠炎症反应及细胞凋亡的影响。方法将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组(10只)和造模组(20只),造模组造模后(尾静脉注射LPS)随机分为模型组(10只)和血必净注射液组(10只)。采用肺组织湿重/干重评估肺组织水肿程度,ELISA检测血清炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β、IL-4和IL-18的水平,HE染色观察大鼠肺组织病理损伤情况,TUNEL染色观察肺组织细胞凋亡情况,RT-PCR和Western blot检测凋亡因子胱天蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)和胱天蛋白酶-8(Caspase-8)的mRNA含量和蛋白水平。结果与正常组比,模型组大鼠肺组织湿重/干重升高(P<0.01),IL-6、IL-1β、IL-4和IL-18升高(P<0.001),肺组织出现损伤和炎症浸润,细胞凋亡率升高(P<0.001),Caspase-3和Caspase-8的mRNA、蛋白表达升高(P<0.01或P<0.001)。与模型组比,血必净注射液组大鼠肺组织湿重/干重下降(P<0.05),IL-6、IL-1β、IL-4和IL-18降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),肺组织损伤和炎症浸润情况明显改善,细胞凋亡率下降(P<0.001),Caspase-3和Caspase-8的mRNA和蛋白表达降低(P<0.01或P<0.001)。结论血必净注射液可改善急性肺损伤大鼠的肺组织损伤和炎症反应,其机制可能与抑制细胞凋亡有关。