Mosaic Trisomy 21 and Trisomy 14 as Acquired Cytogenetic Abnormalities without GATA1 Mutation in A Pediatric Non-Down Syndrome Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

One case of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia （AMKL） with trisomy 21,trisomy 14 and unmutated GATA1 gene in a phenotypically normal girl was reported.The patient experienced transient myelodysplasia before the onset of AMKL.The bone marrow blasts manifested typical morphology of megakaryoblast both by the May-Giemsa staining and under the electronic microscopy.Leukemic cells were positive for CD13,CD33,CD117,CD56,CD38,CD41 and CD61 in flow cytometry analysis.Cytogenetic study showed karyotype of 48,XX,＋14,＋21 in 40% metaphases.Known mutations of GATA1 gene in Down syndrome or acquired trisomy 21 were not detected in this case.

Characteristics of Clostridium difficile infection in patients hospitalized with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia

AIM To evaluate factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and outcomes of CDI in the myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) population.METHODS After IRB approval,all MDS/AML patients hospitalized at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center between August 2011 and December 2013 were identified.Medical charts were reviewed for demographics,clinical information,development of CDI,complications of CDI,and mortality.Patients with CDI,defined as having a positive stool PCR done for clinical suspicion of CDI,were compared to those without CDI in order to identify predictors of disease.A t-test was used for comparison of continuous variables and chisquare or Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical variables,as appropriate.RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-three patients (60.1% male,mean age 61.3 years,13% MDS,87% AML) had 594 unique hospitalizations during the study period.Thirtyfour patients (15.2%) were diagnosed with CDI.Factors significantly associated with CDI included lower albumin at time of hospitalization (P < 0.0001),prior diagnosis of CDI (P < 0.0001),receipt of cytarabine-based chemotherapy (P = 0.015),total days of neutropenia (P = 0.014),and total days of hospitalization (P = 0.005).Gender (P = 0.10),age (P = 0.77),proton-pump inhibitor use (P = 0.73),receipt of antibiotics (P = 0.66),and receipt of DNA hypomethylating agent-based chemotherapy (P = 0.92) were not significantly associated with CDI.CONCLUSION CDI is common in the MDS/AML population.Factors significantly associated with CDI in this population include low albumin,prior CDI,use of cytarabine-based chemotherapy,and prolonged neutropenia.In this study,we have identified a subset of patients in which prophylaxis studies could be targeted.

LEUKOCYTOSIS AND RETINOIC ACID SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA TREATED WITH ARSENIC TRIOXIDE

Objective To study the incidence of leukocytosis and retinoic acid （RA） syndrome in newly diagnosed and relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia （APL） patients treated with arsenic trioxide （ATO）. Methods Thirty patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed APL received ATO for remission induction at the dose of 10 mg/d. RA syndrome was defined when patient was with one or more of the following signs or symptoms： fever, dyspnea, serous cavity effusion, muscular pain, pulmonary infiltration, weight gain, or pulmonary infiltration on chest X-ray. Results Twenty-three （77%） patients achieved complete remission, mean time to remission was 37. 1 days. Leukocytosis was observed in 14 （47%） patients, mean time to leukocytosis was 12. 7 days, median baseline leukocyte count for patients with leukocytosis was 3.1 x 109/L, which was higher than that for patients who did not de,.＇elop leukocytosis （2.6 × 10^9/L, z = - 2. 635, P = 0. 008）. No other cytotoxic therapy was administered, and the leukocytosis resolved in all cases. The RA syndrome was observed in 9 （30%） patients, mean time to diagnose of RA syndrome was 13.9 days, median baseline leukocyte count for patients with RA syndrome was 3.6 × 10^9/L, which was higher than that for patients who did not develop RA syndrome （2. 6 × 10^9/L, z = - 1. 909, P =0. 046）. No patient died of RA syndrome. Conclusion Leukocytosis and RA syndrome are associated with ATO and baseline leukocyte count respectively, and there is distinct link between leukocytosis and RA syndrome.

Sweet syndrome and differentiation syndrome in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia

The differentiation syndrome is an inflammatory reaction with increased capillary permeability that occurs in up to 25% of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid. A 50-year-old man with acute promyelocytic leukemia underwent chemotherapy with idarubicin and all-trans retinoic acid. On day +21 the patient developed pruritic prepatelar papules as well as several 10 mm subcutaneous nodules in both thighs accompanied by persistent fever. On the day +25 the patient presented with bilateral pulmonary crackles, infiltrates in the right lower lobe and severe hypotension which required dopamine infusion. Biopsy of one of the thighs nodules was performed. A Sweet syndrome associated to a differentiation syndrome was suspected. All-trans retinoic acid therapy was discontinued and dexamethasone was administered. In 48 h the patient showed remission of the fever and the infiltrates and the skin lesions acquired a residual aspect. It is debatable whether these two syndromes are distinct entities with common mechanisms or whether they are poles of the same spectrum. Dermatologists and hematologists must be aware of these two syndromes and its pathophysiologic association.

Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a Patient with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Case Report

Introduction: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is highly associated with hemostasis alterations. The atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare type of Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) due to an overactivation of the alternative complement pathway. Case Presentation: A 48-years-old woman was diagnosed with APL and achieved molecular remission after induction therapy. During the second consolidation cycle she presented with TMA. She began treatment with plasma exchange plus corticotherapy but due to aggravation of symptoms Eculizumab was initiated. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, infections and drug toxicity causes were ruled out. There was no evidence of relapse of the APL. Genetic studies of the hereditary anomalies of the alternative complement pathway were negative and the decision of stopping Eculizumab was made. During maintenance therapy for the APL she presented a severe relapse of the aHUS, requiring dialysis. She re-started treatment with Eculizumab with a progressive hematologic recovery and improvement of renal function. She completed APL treatment without relapse of the leukemia for the moment and continues to be treated with Eculizumab. Conclusion: This is the first published case of coexisting aHUS and APL successfully treated with Eculizumab.

Summary and correlation analysis of TCM syndromes in 159 elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of TCM syndromes in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)at the onset,and to analyze the main syndrome types and their correlation with age,percentage of bone marrow blasts,and genetic prognostic stratification.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 159 AML patients aged over 60 years who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital,and the clinical data were collected and analyzed statistically.Results:In 159 elderly AML patients,the main clinical symptoms were fatigue,poor appetite,conscious fever,and various hemorrhages.The main syndromes were Ying(42.01%),Wei(31.25%),Essential(14.81%)and Blood(11.69%);the syndromes are divided into Qi and Yin deficiency(32.70%),Qi and blood deficiency(30.19%),true Yin deficiency(28.03%)and Qi heat and blood(8.81%).The age difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.001),and the multiple comparison results showed that the age of the Qi-blood deficiency group was younger than the true-Yin deficiency group and the Qi-Yin deficiency group;the percentage of bone marrow blasts was statistically significant in the three groups at the initial diagnosis(P<0.05),multiple comparison results showed that the percentage of bone marrow blasts in the true Yin deficiency group was higher than that in the Qi-blood deficiency group and the Qi-Yin deficiency group;the genetic prognostic stratification of the three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05),multiple comparisons.The results showed that the genetic prognosis of the true Yin deficiency group was poorer than that of the Qi and blood deficiency group and the Qi and Yin deficiency group.Conclusion:The most common clinical symptoms of elderly AML patients are fatigue,the disease is located in the bone marrow,and the disease is Ying,Wei,essence,and blood.With the increase in the patient's age,the TCM syndrome types tend to be more insufficiency of true Yin and deficiency of both Qi and Yin,and the prognosis of patients with insufficiency of true Yin is poor.It provides a directional scientific basis for the treatment of senile AML with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia in A Primary Pulmonary Leiomyosarcoma Patient with Skin Metastasis

Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma （LMS） is a very unusual tumor.Although LMS has well-known metastatic potential,cutaneous metastasis is a remarkably uncommon.Exposure to cytotoxic agents could lead to ＂therapy-related myeloid neoplasm＂ （t-MN）.Starting from 2008,the World Health Organization （WHO） has adopted the term to cover the spectrum of malignant diseases previously known as therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia （t-AML）,therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome （t-MDS） and therapy-related myelodysplastic/myelo-proliferative neoplasm （t-MDS/MPN）.We described the onset of t-MDS and progression to t-AML in one case diagnosed as primary pulmonary LMS with cutaneous metastasis.This patient achieved complete remission （CR） after three courses of IA regimen chemotherapy （idarubicin 5 mg/d,d 1-3;cytarabine 100 mg/d,d 1-5） and 1 course of HA chemotherapy regimen （homoharringtonine 3 mg/d,d 1-3;cytarabine 100 mg/d,d 1-7）.This case presents the natural course of therapy-related neoplasm and provides therapeutic experience for t-AML.

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in the treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a humanized anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody conjugated to a derivative of an antitumor antibiotic, calicheamicin. GO was approved for the treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the United States (US) in 2000. However, GO was withdrawn from the US market in June 2010, because a large-scale clinical trial failed to show additive or synergistic effects with conventional chemotherapy for newly diagnosed AML. GO is currently available only in Japan. However, several large clinical studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of GO when added to chemotherapy for AML in recent years;therefore, reconsideration of GO availability is gaining attention. Therefore, the role and efficacy of GO as monotherapy or in combination therapy for de novo or relapsed AML should be positively investigated.

Obesity and childhood survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Do genetics play a role?

Childhood survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are increased risk of several chronic complications, such as second cancers, pulmonary, metabolic complications and cardiovascular disease. Obesity and metabolic syndrome is one of the most common treatment related complication in children surviving cancer, which concurs with our nations childhood epidemic [1-3] Recent research has identified the role of genetics in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in childhood survivors of ALL. Growth hormone deficiency, Leptin regulation, fat mass obesity (FTO) gene and the insulin resistant ENPP1 variants disorders has been associated adverse effects of chemotherapeutic treatment and the cause of clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome [4-8]. The illumination of the role of genetic variants can shed insights into obesity within high risk population, as well as, a target to prevent disease.

Traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is a form of cancer characterized by infiltration of proliferative,clonal,and abnormally differentiated cells of the hematopoietic system into the bone marrow,blood,and other tissues.Clinically,the eligible AML patients first receive induction therapy to achieve complete remission(CR).Unfortunately,minimal residual diseases usually persist in CR,which will inevitably lead to relapse if treatment is discontinued.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),it is believed that the weakness of healthy qi is one of the basic pathologies of leukemia after remission,and is also the major cause for relapse.This article primarily investigated the key points of common syndromes,TCM nursing methods and healthy guidance of AML,aiming at maintaining and developing the strengths of TCM,improving its efficacy and standardizing its behavior.

Acute myeloid leukemia with t(11;19)(q23;p13.1) in a patient with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor undergoing imatinib therapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)harboring 11q23 translocations is classified as therapy-related AML in patients who have undergone prior treatment with cytotoxic agents.There have been only a few reports of AML that subsequently developed during imatinib mesylate(IM)treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old woman was diagnosed with a hepatic GIST recurrence in April 2012;she was administered IM 400 mg/d.In November 2015,she developed dyspnea with pancytopenia while IM treatment was continued for 42 mo.A chromosome study using a bone marrow sample showed a 46,XX karyotype with t(11;19)(q23;p13.1)in 22 of 26 analyzed metaphase cells.Fluorescence in situ hybridization using the locus-specific indicator(11q23)gene break-apart probe showed positive rearrangement in 82%of interphase cells.Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions subsequently confirmed the KMT2A/ELL transcript.She achieved complete response with incomplete neutrophil recovery with two decitabine treatment cycles.After the third cycle of decitabine,the disease relapsed,and she refused further treatment.She died of hemorrhagic stroke 5 mo after diagnosis.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of AML with KMT2A gene rearrangements in a patient with a GIST receiving IM treatment.CONCLUSION Physicians should consider the potential risks of developing hematologic malignancies,including therapy-related AML,in patients with GISTs receiving IM treatment.

Macrophage Activation Syndrome in a Context of Pre-B Type Lymphoblastic Acute Leucemia: A Case Report

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is linked to inappropriate stimulation of macrophage cells in the bone marrow and lymphoid system, resulting in abnormal phagocytosis of figurative blood elements and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is a rare and serious hyper-inflammatory condition of diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. MAS is characterized by non-specific clinical and laboratory signs associated with images of hemophagocytosis. MAS is either “primary” (familial or pediatric forms), or “secondary/reactive” to infection, neoplasia, or autoimmune disease. Hemopathies dominate MAS secondary to neoplasia. B-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of B lymphoid progenitors, blocked at an early stage of differentiation, leading to suppression of polyclonal hematopoiesis and subsequent development of signs associated with bone marrow failure. In this context, we report the observation of a macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) associated with ALL, diagnosed at Hôpital Principal de Dakar/Senegal, in a 69-year-old patient with a well-controlled type 2 diabetes under oral antidiabetic therapy (OAD) and good general condition.

A Fatal Case of Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified (CEL-NOS) in a 19-Year-Old Male with Acute Transformation into Blast Crisis

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) is a rare disorder that is characterized by hypereosinophilia with increased number of blood or marrow blasts (>5% and <20%). CEL is distinguished from hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) by the presence of eosinophilic clonality. Chronic eosinophilic leukemia not otherwise specified (CEL-NOS) diagnosis is made when no fusion genes are detected by most modern molecular testing, particularly the most common fusion gene FIP1L-1/PDGFRA (Factor Interacting with PAP like-1/Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha). This disease is very rare, and its description in the literature is not well characterized. We report a fetal case of severe CEL-NOS in a 19-year-old male who presented with a plethora of clinical features consists of constitutional symptoms, pancytopenia, intravascular thrombosis, acute stroke and endomyocardial infiltrates. The course of his disease was aggressive and resistant to conventional treatment. After a short period of improvement, an acute transformation into blast crisis (BC) had occurred. The diagnosis was confirmed by morphology and immunophenotyping of bone marrow biopsy. The patient eventually died of heart failure and sepsis. To our knowledge this is the first case report of fatal CEL-NOS transforming into severe blast crisis.

Pathophysiology, clinical features and radiological findings of differentiation syndrome/all-trans-retinoic acid syndrome

In acute promyelocytic leukemia, differentiation thera-py based on all-trans-retinoic acid can be complicated by the development of a differentiation syndrome(DS). DS is a life-threatening complication, characterized by respiratory distress, unexplained fever, weight gain, interstitial lung infiltrates, pleural or pericardial effusions, hypotension and acute renal failure. The diagnosis of DS is made on clinical grounds and has proven to be difficult, because none of the symptoms is pathognomonic for the syndrome without any definitive diagnostic criteria. As DS can have subtle signs and symptoms at presentation but progress rapidly, end-stage DS clinical picture resembles the acute respiratory distress syndrome with extremely poor prognosis; so it is of absolute importance to be conscious of these complications and initiate therapy as soon as it was suspected. The radiologic appearance resembles the typical features of cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Diagnosis of DS remains a great skill for radiologists and haematologist but it is of an utmost importance the cooperation in suspect DS, detect the early signs of DS, examine the patients' behaviour and rapidly detect the complications.

Cytokine release syndrome complicated with rhabdomyolysis after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy:A case report

BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell(CAR-T)therapy is an effective new treatment for hematologic malignancies.Cytokine release syndrome(CRS)and neurologic toxicity are main toxicities.CRS-induced rhabdomyolysis(RM)followed by CART therapy treatment has not been previously reported.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 22-year-old woman with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia obtained sequential cluster of differentiation(CD)19 and CD22 CAR-T infusion.This patient experienced grade 3 CRS with RM,mild hypotension requiring intravenous fluids,and mild hypoxia and was managed effectively with the IL-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab.This patient had no signs of immune effector cell-associated neurologic syndrome.Restaging scans 30 d postCAR-T therapy demonstrated a complete remission,and the symptoms of muscle weakness improved through rehabilitation.CONCLUSION Myalgia is an easily overlooked symptom of severe CRS after CAR-T therapy.It is necessary to monitor myoglobin levels when a patient presents with symptoms of myalgia or acute renal insufficiency.

维奈克拉致Ph样急性淋巴细胞白血病肿瘤溶解综合征1例

维奈克拉是一种选择性B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)抑制剂,目前广泛应用于造血系统恶性肿瘤治疗,疗效良好。其主要不良反应包括血细胞减少、感染、消化道反应、电解质紊乱等,在慢性淋巴细胞白血病中可能出现严重肿瘤溶解综合征。2023年1月6日保定市第一医院收治1例75岁男性难治复发Ph样急性淋巴细胞白血病患者,在应用维奈克拉100 mg后3.5 h出现典型的肿瘤溶解综合征,伴有急性肾功能衰竭、高钾、低钙、少尿、高尿酸,并迅速出现严重的血细胞减少、粒细胞缺乏。经对症支持治疗后,肾功能恢复正常,但仍持续全血细胞减少伴严重感染,最终死亡。

造血干细胞移植治疗老年髓系肿瘤的临床分析

目的:探讨造血干细胞移植(hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT)对老年髓系肿瘤患者生存结局的影响。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月至2023年5月于南方医科大学附属珠江医院54例接受HSCT且年龄≥55岁髓系肿瘤患者的治疗结局。结果:54例患者中急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者45例,骨髓增生异常综合征患者9例,中位年龄57.5(55.0~68.0)岁。53例成功造血重建,中性粒细胞植入中位时间为13(8~24)天,血小板植入中位时间为15(9~75)天。急性移植物抗宿主病(graft-versus-host diseas,GVHD)累积发生率23.3%,3年慢性GVHD累积发生率24.6%。中位随访时间28.2个月,3年累积复发率(cumulative relapse rates,CIR)18.0%,3年非复发死亡率28.3%。3年无复发生存(relapse-free survival,RFS)率为58.2%,3年总生存(overall survival,OS)率为56.5%。结论:HSCT是老年髓系肿瘤患者获得长期生存的有效、安全的治疗手段。

骨髓增生异常综合征进展的伴骨髓增生异常相关改变急性髓系白血病患者的生存及预后分析

目的:探讨由骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)进展的伴骨髓增生异常相关改变急性髓系白血病(AML-MRC)的预后影响因素及患者生存情况。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2021年12月于苏州大学附属第三医院就诊的60例具有完整随访资料的由MDS进展的AML-MRC患者的临床资料,描述性分析AML-MRC的临床特征、遗传学特点、基因测序、预后分层、治疗方案等,对各项临床指标、预后分层和治疗方案等对AML-MRC患者生存及预后的影响进行单因素与多因素分析。结果:AML-MRC患者的中位生存时间(OS)为4.5个月,1年OS率为28.3%,治疗后的完全缓解(CR)率为33.3%。单因素分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、初诊为AML-MRC时白细胞增多、血小板显著减少、预后分层差及HMA药物治疗和支持治疗为AML-MRC患者中位OS较短的危险因素;COX多因素分析结果显示,血小板显著减少(HR=4.46)、HMA药物治疗(相对于移植,HR=10.47)、支持治疗(相对于移植,HR=25.80)与预后分层差(相对于预后中等,HR=13.86)为影响AML-MRC患者中位OS的独立不良预后因素。单因素分析结果显示,影响AML-MRC患者1年OS的危险因素为年龄≥60岁、血小板显著减少、由MDS进展为AML的间隔时间(TTA)≥3个月、纤维蛋白原/白蛋白比值(FARI)≥0.07、CONUT评为≥5分、预后分层差及支持治疗;二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,影响AML-MRC患者1年OS的独立危险因素为年龄≥60岁(HR=11.23)、血小板显著减少(HR=8.71)、FARI≥0.07(HR=5.19)及预后分层差(HR=14.00)。单因素分析显示,影响患者CR的危险因素为年龄≥60岁、血小板显著减少、FARI≥0.1、CONUT评分≥5分、预后分层差及支持治疗;二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁(HR=7.35)、预后分层差(HR=32.5)、CONUT评分≥5分(HR=9.60)及血小板显著减少(HR=12.05)为影响患者CR的独立危险因素。结论:AML-MRC患者总体中位OS时间短,可能造成AML-MRC患者不良预后的因素有高龄(≥60岁)、支持治疗、HMA治疗、预后分层差、血小板显著减少、FARI≥0.07、营养状况差(CONUT评分≥5分)。

Transformation of myelodysplastic syndromes into acute myeloid leukemias

Background Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), also called preleukemias, are a group of myeloid hematopoietic malignant disorders. We studied the transformation of MDS into acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods Leukemic transformation in 151 patients with MDS was dynamically followed up. The clinical manifestation, peripheral blood and bone marrow condition, karyotypes, immunophenotypes, response to treatment, and prognosis of AML evolution from MDS (MDS-AML) were also observed.Results During the course of this study, over the past eight years and seven months, 21 (13.91%) of 151 MDS patients progressed to overt leukemia, with a median interval of 5 (1-23) months. There were no significant differences between rates of leukemic transformation in comparison with the refractory anemia (RA), RA with excess of blasts (RAEB), and RAEB in transformation (RAEB-t) patient groups. Transformation occurred either gradually or rapidly. There were five parameters positively correlated to leukemic transformation: under 40 years of age, pancytopenia of 3 lineages, more than 15% blasts in the bone marrow, at least two abnormal karyotypes, and treatment with combined chemotherapy. All of the 21 patients with leukemia suffered from MDS-AML, and most of them were M 2, M 4, or M 5. Two (9.52%) MDS-AML patients developed extramedullary infiltration. Leukopenia was found in 47.62% of these patients. Two thirds of these patients, whose bone marrows were generally hypercellular, suffered from neutropenia. After developing AML, 8 (47.06%) patients developed abnormal karyotypes. High expression of immature myeloid antigens, including CD 33 [(49.83±24.50)%], CD 13 [(36.38±33.84)%], monocytic antigen CD 14 [(38.50±24.60)%], and stem cell marker CD 34 [(34.67±30.59)%], were found on bone marrow mononuclear cells from MDS-AML patients after leukemic transformation. In some cases, lymphoid antigens, such as CD 5, CD 7, CD 9, and CD 19, coexisted with myeloid antigens. A low complete remission rate (31.25%) and a short survival time, with median survival of 6 (1-28) months, were found in patients with MDS-AML treated by induction chemotherapy.Conclusions MDS has a high risk of developing into AML, either gradually or rapidly. Patients with MDS-AML have specific biological characteristics and a worse prognosis.

江西省老年髓系恶性血液肿瘤证型分布规律回顾性分析

目的:探讨江西省老年髓系恶性血液肿瘤常见的中医证型分布规律,以便更好地指导临床诊断和治疗。方法:将收集的120例居住生活在江西省内的老年髓系恶性血液肿瘤患者的中医四诊资料,经副主任中医师及以上职称的医师复核,建立病历资料数据库,采用SPPS 26.0软件对患者的居住地、年龄、性别、常见症状、舌象、脉象、证型、外周血象、骨髓增生情况、病程等进行统计分析。结果:(1)120例患者均来自江西省内各地市,其中男性71例(59.17%),女性49例(40.83%),男性发病率高于女性,平均年龄(70.36±6.80)岁。(2)脾虚痰湿证46例,气血两虚证26例,气阴两虚证24例,瘀毒内结证24例,脾虚痰湿证所占比例最高(38.33%)。(3)中医证型与白细胞(WBC)计数、血小板(PLT)计数比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与血红蛋白(Hb)计数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)中医证型与骨髓增生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(5)中医证型与病程之间的关系比较具有显著性统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:(1)江西省老年髓系恶性血液肿瘤发病率男性高于女性,平均年龄(70.36±6.80)岁。(2)常见的中医证型以脾虚痰湿证较多,其次为气血两虚证、气阴两虚证、瘀毒内结证。(3)WBC低于正常值以气血两虚证多见,WBC高于正常值以瘀毒内结证较多见;PLT低于正常值以气阴两虚证多见。(4)病程长者多见于脾虚痰湿证,病程较短者多见于瘀毒内结证。