SERUM LEVELS OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA PECTORIS AND ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective. To determine whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)concentrations are altered in several kinds of coronary heart disease patients. Materials and methods. Using a VEGF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), serum VEGF concentrations were determined in antecubital venous blood of 16 patients with stable angina pectoris(SAP), 16 with unstable angina pectoris(UAP) and 16 with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) before and after thrombolytic therapy, and of 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers who used as controls. Results. The concentrations of serum VEGF in patients with SAP(9860±2699pg/ml) and UAP (10361±2489pg/ml) tended to be higher than those in control subjects(8044±2457pg/ml), but the differences did not reach statistical significance (P>005 for each). Before thrombolytic therapy, the concentrations of serum VEGF in patients with AMI (28592±12515pg/ml) were significantly higher than those in patients with SAP, UAP or control subjects (P<001,respectively), and correlated with synchronous serum creatine kinase (CK) and its MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) contents(r=0866,P<0001 and r=0948,P<0001;respectively). Three hours after thrombolysis, the concentrations of VEGF had fallen to 11157±3129pg/ml (P<001 vs. before thrombolytic therapy and P<005 vs.control subjects). Conclusion. The present study shows that serum concentrations of VEGF in patients with AMI are markedly elevated and that increased serum VEGF levels may be one of the most sensitive indexes in diagnosing AMI and judging reperfusion.

Infuences of Previous Angina Pectoris on Coronary Collateral Circulation and Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective To investigate the influences of previous angina pectoris on coronary collateral circulation and left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods 307 patients with a first episode acute myocardial infarction underwent selective coronary angiography and left ventriculography. The relation of previous angina pectoris to coronary collateral circulation, peak creatine kinase and left ventricular function were analyzed. Results ①In the 307 patients, there were 192 (62. 5 % ) with previous angina [PA ( + ) group] and 115 (37. 5 % ) without [PA (-) group]. ②The peak creatine kinase (CK) and CK -MB were significantly higher in PA (-) group than in PA (+) group ( P < 0. 05 for both comparisons) . ③ Collateral circulation to infarct - related artery was more likely to be present in PA ( + ) group than in PA (-) group ( P < 0. 05) . (4) The left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased, and the left ventricular wall motion Cortina score decreased, in PA (+) group than in PA (-) group ( P < 0. 01 for both comparisons) . Conclusion In patients with acute myocardial infarction, previous angina pectoris may have beneficial effects on coronary collateral circulation and left ventricular function.

Armarium facilitating angina management post myocardial infarction concomitant with coronavirus disease 2019

The outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)are not only a disaster of people’s life and health over the world,[1–3]but also the challenge for medical practitioner in clinical management.Owing to many diagnostic instruments are not suitable or convenient to use any more in contagious ward considering the risk of cross infections,such as traditional stethoscope or electrocardiogram(ECG).In this scenarios,wireless and digital equipment are optimal choices for epidemic management in order to exert rapid diagnosis and disease evaluation.Herein,we reported a case of the patient suffering both COVID-19 and myocardial infarction,for which the tele-ECG and wireless stethoscope facilitated the accurate diagnosis and instant management.

Clinical study of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicating congestive heart failure

Objectives To observe the efficacy and safety of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(rh-BNP) on patients with acute myocardial infarction complicating congestive heart failure.Methods 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by congestive heart failure were randomly divided into control group and treatment group of 20 cases.The control group,15 cases of acute anterior myocardial infarction,5 cases of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction, 15 males and 5 females,aged 55-70 years,mean age 58±12 years;treated 16 cases of acute anterior myocardial infarction,4 cases of acute myocardial infarction,16 males and 4 females,aged 56-70 years,mean age 59±11 years;two groups of age,gender,severity of disease and vascular lesions no significant difference and comparable(P】0.05).Conventional group were given aspirin,clopidogrel, statins,Inotropic,diuretic and vasodilator therapy.In the con- ventional treatment group based on the use of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide(new bios,Tibet Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.Chengdu Nuodikang biopharmaceutical production, usage:1.5μg/Kg intravenous injection(impact), then 0.0075μg-0.01μg/(kg·min)infusion rate).Continuous medication 72 h.The clinical symptoms observed for 3 days in patients before treatment and after treatment,heart rate,blood pressure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α),brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) levels were measured.Results In control group,8 cases markedly effect,5 cases effect and 7 cases no effect,the total effective rate was 65%;In treatment group,13 cases markedly effect,6 cases effect and 1 cases no effect,the total effective rate was 95%,compared with two groups P New bios treatment group significantly increased cardiac index(CI) in patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) than the control group(all P【0.05),further reduce the levels of tumor necrosis (TNF-α) and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP).Conclusions rh-BNP can improve symptoms and heart function,reduced plasma tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) and BNP levels of acute myocardial infarction patients with congestive heart failure,the treatment safe and reliable.As small sample size observed,larger sample to be accumulated to further evaluate its efficacy and safety.

Coronary Artery Vasospasm with Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Male Patient： Case Report

We present a 48-year-old male patient with a history of classic precordialgia, ST-segment elevation in inferior leads （II, III and aVF）, with t：oponin m：d CK-MB （creatine kinase-MB） elevated on the day of admission that received conventional anti-ischemic treatment. Hemodynamically stable, symptom-free, is referred to cardiac catheterization. In the selective catheterization of the left coronary artery, a moderate lesion was observed in the middle third of the anterior descending coronary artery; in the right coronary artery, a subocclusive proximal lesion with TIMI （thrombolysis in myocardial infarction） II. We performed a single projection m：d opted for angioplasty. Before, it was decided to re-evaluate the left coronary artery, m：d it was observed in the contrast test that anterior descending artery was occluded. Intra-coronary nitroglycerin and new contrast injection were performed, which showed totally open descending artery with TIMI III, without obstructive lesions as initially suggested, and improvement of pain. It was a severe coronary vasospasm. When a new contrast injection was performed in the right coronary, with a therapeutic catheter, the disappeaxance of the subocclusive lesion and the presence of a normal coronary flow were observed, although there was a moderate plaque in its proximal third, which motivated the maintenance of angioplasty with stent placement in a proxhnal third of right coronary artery. During the passage of the intracoronary guidewire it was once again evident that diffuse coronary artery vasoreactivity was present; the procedure was successfully completed.

Pheochromocytoma in a 49-year-old woman presenting with acute myocardial infarction:A case report

BACKGROUND Pheochromocytoma is a rare endocrine tumor arising from chromaffin cells and having extensive and profound effects on the cardiovascular system by continuously or intermittently releasing catecholamines.The clinical manifestations of pheochromocytoma are diverse,and the typical triad,including episodic headache,palpitations,and sweating,only occurs in 24%of pheochromocytoma patients,which often misleads clinicians into making an incorrect diagnosis.We herein report the case of a patient with intermittent chest pain and elevated myocardial enzymes for 2 years who was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old woman presented with intermittent chest pain for 2 years.Two years ago,the patient experienced chest pain and was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction,with 25%stenosis in the left circumflex.The patient still had intermittent chest pain after discharge.Two hours before admission to our hospital,the patient experienced chest pain with nausea and vomiting,lasting for 20 min.Troponin I and urinary norepinephrine and catecholamine levels were elevated.An electrocardiogram indicated QT prolongation and ST-segment depression in leads II,III,aVF,and V3-V6.A coronary computed tomography angiogram revealed no evidence of coronary artery disease.Echocardiography showed left ventricular enlargement and a decreased posterior inferior wall motion amplitude.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated an inhomogeneous right adrenal mass.The patient successfully underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy,and histopathology confirmed adrenal pheochromocytoma.During the first-year follow-up visits,the patient was asymptomatic.The abnormal changes on echocardiography and electro-cardiogram disappeared.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware of pheochromocytoma.A timely and accurate diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is essential for alleviating serious cardiac complications.

Rapid decrease of necrotic core after acute myocardial infarction

It is well known that the increase of necrotic core in previous atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is one of the conditions of vulnerable plaque. However, it is not known how fast necrotic core could decrease in a vulnerable plaque. We had 2 patients who had suffered from acute myocardial infarction and had large amount of necrotic core in their culprit lesions at baseline, which decreased markedly within 7 days. Also, they were clinically stable and asymptomatic over 1 year follow-up. It is first report to show mar-kedly decrease of necrotic core amount within only 7 days in culprit lesions of 2 cases of acute myocardial infarction with angiographically minimal lesions.

Significantly reduced function of T cells in patients with acute arterial thrombosis

Objectives To explore the intrinsic factors related to the pathogenesis of acute arterial thrombosis （AAT） and to elucidate the patho- genesis of AAT on the basis of differentially expressed genes. Methods Patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, stable angina （SA） and healthy controls （n = 20 per group） were recruited, and the whole human genome microarray analysis was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes among these subjects. Results Patients with AMI had disease-specific gene expression pattern. Biological functional analysis showed the function of T cells was significantly reduced, the mitochondrial metabolism significantly decreased, the ion metabolism was abnormal, the cell apoptosis and inflammatory reaction increased, the phagocytosis elevated, the neutrophil-mediated immunity increased and the post-traumatic repair of cells and tissues increased in AMI patients. The biological function in SA group and healthy controis remained stable and was comparable. Conclusions The reduced function ofT cell gene models in AAT showed the dysfunction of the immune system. The pathogenesis of AAT may be related to the inflammatory reaction after arterial intima infection caused by potential pathogenic microorganisms.

Study on metabonomics in patients with acute coronary syndrome based on LC-MS technology

Objective:To investigate the plasma metabolic components of patients with unstable angina(UA)and acute myocardial infarction(AMI),and to screen potential biomarkers and explore possible biological mechanisms in order to provide reference for early evaluation of acute coronary syndrome.Methods:Plasma samples from patients with UA and AMI were collected to obtain their general information,and the metabolites were detected by LCMS technology.Combined with univariate statistical analysis,the significantly different metabolites and their pathways were further determined by partial least squares discriminant analysis and orthogonalized partial least squares discriminant analysis models.Results:A total of 33 samples from UA group and 47 samples from AMI group were included for testing.Then 54 metabolites and 20 pathways were found to be significantly different between them.Metabolites such as pantoprazole,acetylcarnitine,palmitoyl ethanolamide,betaine,caprylic acid,bilirubin,histidine,oleic acid,citrate,vanillin can be used as potential biomarkers to distinguish them.The pathways include ABC transporters,aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis,central carbon metabolism in cancer and so on.Conclusion:There are significant differences in the plasma metabolic components of UA and AMI.Studies related to metabolomics may guide significance for exploring the biological nature of ACS.

Prognosis of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes and Bleeding—The Importance of Routine Use of a Bleeding Risk Score

Introduction: Recent studies showed relation between mortality and bleeding in acute coronary syndromes. Objective: The objective is to analyze the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes with or without in-hospital major and/or minor bleedings. Methods: This was a pro-spective data bank analysis study with 546 patients (39 with bleeding (group I) and 507 without bleeding (group II)) with acute coronary syndromes included between May 2010 and May 2013. Besides, Mehran bleeding risk score was calculated to all patients. The primary endpoint was all causes of in-hospital death and combined events. Comparison between groups was made by Anova and Q-square. Multivariate analysis was determined by logistic regression and was considered significant when p p = 0.005) and combined events (35.9% vs 11.4%, p < 0.001). The same results were observed in multivariate and long-term analysis. Con-clusions: Almost half of patients with acute coronary syndromes had higher risk of bleeding, and that with major or minor bleedings had greater deaths and combined events.

Combination of several rare complications of myocardial infarction in a single patient

There are three major mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction: rupture of the left ventricular free wall, rupture of the interventricular septum, and development of mitral regurgitation. Each of these complications is associated with extremely high mortality. Reviewing the scientific literature, we found descriptions of sporadic cases of both of those complications combined. We report an unusual case of simultaneous rupture of free wall and interventricular septum.

急性心肌梗死主动脉内球囊反搏术后发生缺血性肠病一例

1病例资料患者男性,67岁,因“胸闷7 d,再发加重10 h”于2023年2月9日入院。患者于7 d前无明显诱因出现胸闷不适,主要位于胸骨左缘,持续约10 min,伴气短,休息后症状稍缓解,期间发作数次。于10 h前上述症状再发加重,持续无缓解,遂来院就诊。既往史:高血压病史10年,最高血压170/90 mmHg,口服培哚普利治疗,血压控制尚可.

基于脉络学说探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死辨证论治

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)具有发病急骤、病情凶险的临床表现,属脉络血管系统病研究疾病之一。脉络学说作为指导脉络-血管系统病防治的系统理论,根据STEMI的临床特点,认为应当在分阶段治疗的同时注重整体全程论治,进而在结合辨证论治原则及循证医学研究基础上,提出以脉络学说为指导的再灌注术前及术后治疗的新干预策略及辨证论治思路,形成对本病的系统防治理念,为本病的中西医结合治疗提供了新的治疗参考。

胸部CT冠状动脉钙化积分与STEMI患者急诊PCI围术期并发症的相关性研究

目的:探讨胸部CT冠状动脉钙化积分(CAC)与急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围术期并发症的相关性。方法:选取2020年3月至2021年7月保定市第一中心医院心内科收治的263例STEMI患者,均行胸部CT检查和PCI手术,评估CAC积分,并根据CAC积分将患者分成无钙化和轻度钙化组(0~2分,129例)、中度钙化组(3~5分,88例)及重度钙化组(6~9分,46例),分析不同程度钙化组患者围术期并发症及随访期主要心血管事件(MACE)发生情况,比较各组差异并分析其与急诊PCI围术期并发症的相关性。结果:与无钙化和轻度钙化组相比,中度和重度钙化组患者年龄更大,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=45.815,P<0.05),高血压、脑梗死、糖尿病、多支病变和MACE的发病率更高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.762、11.071、6.064、25.036、21.694,P<0.05)。3组患者eGFR及NT-ProBNP水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=8.592,Z=20.890,P<0.05)。与重度钙化组相比,无钙化和轻度钙化组冠状动脉血栓发生率较高(χ^(2)=7.748,P<0.05)。根据logistic回归分析,冠状动脉血栓、中度钙化及重度钙化患者是出现轻微并发症的危险因素(OR=4.847、5.280、11.135,P<0.001);年龄越大、患有高血压或冠状动脉重度钙化患者更容易出现严重并发症,术后1年内MACE发生率更高,是围术期并发症的危险因素(OR=1.151、7.982、10.555、21.729,P<0.05)。结论:胸部CT的CAC积分评估出的中度及重度钙化病变患者的围术期并发症发生率更高,基于胸部CT的CAC积分可用于评估急诊PCI围术期的并发症及术后1年内MACE。

血清ESM-1、sICAM-1与不稳定型心绞痛患者冠心病严重程度的关系及对急性心肌梗死发病的预测价值

目的分析不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者血清内皮细胞特异分子-1(ESM-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(以下简称冠心病)严重程度的关系及对急性心肌梗死(AMI)发病的预测价值。方法选取2021年1月—2023年6月成都医学院第三附属医院收治的78例UAP患者。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测ESM-1、sICAM-1水平。采用Gensini评估冠脉狭窄积分,依据患者狭窄积分将其分为轻中度组和重度组,分析不同病情严重程度患者ESM-1、sICAM-1水平。给予吸氧、抗血小板、抗凝、抗心肌缺血等治疗后,随访统计治疗6个月内AMI发生情况,将发生AMI患者纳入发生组,反之为未发生组。分析影响UAP患者发生AMI的因素及其对AMI发病的预测价值。结果重度组ESM-1、sICAM-1水平均高于轻中度组(P<0.05)。发生组Gensini评分、ESM-1、sICAM-1、NYHA分级均高于未发生组(P<0.05),SAQ评分低于未发生组(P<0.05)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果表明,Gensini评分[OR=4.674(95%CI:1.598,13.675)]、SAQ评分[OR=4.802(95%CI:1.641,14.049)]、ESM-1[OR=5.573(95%CI:1.905,16.306)]和sICAM-1[OR=4.411(95%CI:1.508,12.904)]是UAP患者发生AMI的危险因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征曲线结果表明,Gensini评分、ESM-1、sICAM-1、SAQ评分及联合预测UAP患者发生AMI的敏感性分别为70.0%(95%CI:0.570,0.830)、75.0%(95%CI:0.621,0.882)、75.0%(95%CI:0.614,0.872)、70.0%(95%CI:0.562,0.841)、90.0%(95%CI:0.862,0.904);特异性分别为72.4%(95%CI:0.584,0.863)、75.7%(95%CI:0.618,0.898)、77.6%(95%CI:0.635,0.910)、67.0%(95%CI:0.548,0.823)、91.4%(95%CI:0.773,0.944)。Gensini评分、ESM-1、sICAM-1、SAQ评分联合预测UAP患者发生AMI的价值较高,曲线下面积>0.9。结论ESM-1、sICAM-1与冠心病严重程度有关,Gensini评分、ESM-1、sICAM-1、SAQ评分联合预测UAP患者发生AMI的效能较好。

1例体外膜肺氧合联合主动脉球囊反搏辅助下行PCI救治心源性休克患者的护理

总结1例体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)联合主动脉内球囊反搏辅助下行冠状动脉介入治疗救治急性心肌梗死伴心源性休克患者的手术护理经验。护理要点如下:采用多学科联合模式,组建“介入+ECMO团队”,规范手术站位及手术流程,做好冠状动脉介入治疗的术中配合及体外膜肺氧合、主动脉内球囊反搏的护理,术后做好转运及交接。患者手术过程顺利,围手术期无并发症发生,该患者经过专业的治疗与护理,术后第4天撤除主动脉内球囊反搏,术后第8天成功撤除体外膜肺氧合,术后第10天转普通病房治疗,术后第15天出院,随访时患者状态良好。

益气活血法治疗急性心肌梗死及并发症研究进展

气虚血瘀证为急性心肌梗死的常见证型,益气活血法作为急性心肌梗死的主要治法之一,常用于治疗急性心肌梗死后不同并发症如心绞痛、经皮冠脉介入治疗术后再狭窄、心室重构及心力衰竭等,临床效果显著。本文对益气活血法通过抑制炎症水平、改善心肌细胞凋亡与自噬、影响心肌纤维化及促进血管新生等方面治疗急性心肌梗死气虚血瘀证的作用机制进行综述,以期为益气活血法治疗急性心肌梗死气虚血瘀证的科学性与有效性提供理论参考。

NLR、胱抑素C、超敏肌钙蛋白Ⅰ对不同年龄段急性心肌梗死并发症的预测价值

目的:探讨不同年龄段急性心肌梗死(AMI)实验室指标并发症的临床价值。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年1月于江苏省中医院就诊的AMI病人162例,将病人分为中青年组(18~74岁)86例,老年组(75~99岁)76例。收集病人临床资料和实验室指标。根据是否合并心力衰竭、心源性休克、心律失常等并发症将中青年组、老年组分为并发症组及无并发症组,其中中青年并发症组53例,中青年无并发症组33例;老年并发症组46例,老年无并发症组30例。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估相关指标对AMI病人并发症的预测价值。结果:中青年组男性比例、吸烟史比例、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)高于老年组,糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)低于老年组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中青年并发症组胱抑素C(CysC)、超敏肌钙蛋白I(hs-TnI)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、中性粒细胞(Neu)、白细胞计数(WBC)高于中青年无并发症组,淋巴细胞(Lym)低于中青年无并发症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。老年并发症组CysC、hs-TnI、NLR、Neu、WBC、TG水平高于老年无并发症组,Lym低于老年无并发症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中青年组CysC、hs-TnI、NLR、Neu的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.74,0.85,0.83,0.82;老年组CysC、hs-TnI、NLR的AUC分别为0.75,0.77,0.79。结论:不同年龄段AMI病人生活方式、实验室指标均存在差异,对AMI病人诊疗时需考虑年龄因素及生理特点;CysC、hs-TnI、NLR、Neu等实验室指标可较好地预测AMI病人并发症。

标准化急诊护理路径在急性心肌梗死患者抢救中的临床应用效果

目的:观察在急性心肌梗死患者抢救中应用标准化急诊护理路径的效果。方法:选取2023年1月—12月云南省滇南中心医院急诊收治的80例急性心肌梗死患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组40例、对照组40例,对照组采用常规急救护理,观察组实施标准化急诊护理路径,比较两组临床效果。结果:观察组在急诊抢救过程中各项用时较短,患者心功能各项指标恢复较佳,并发症发生少,生活质量评分较高,对护理工作满意度较高,各项数据与对照组相比,有显著差异,P<0.05。结论:在对急性心肌梗死患者抢救过程中,以标准化急诊护理路径进行干预,可有效减少抢救用时,提高患者心功能恢复情况,降低并发症发生率,融洽护患关系。

培元活血汤治疗稳定性心绞痛疗效及对心肌梗死的预防作用

目的:观察培元活血汤治疗稳定性心绞痛(SAP)的疗效及对心肌梗死的预防作用。方法:将98例SAP患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各49例。对照组给予常规西药治疗,观察组在此基础上给予培元活血汤治疗,两组均以4周为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程。比较两组中医证候积分、心绞痛发生情况(每次发作持续时间、发作频率、疼痛程度)、每周硝酸甘油用量、血清炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平、心肌梗死发生率,并评价临床疗效。结果:治疗后,两组中医证候积分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组各项心绞痛发生情况较治疗前均改善(P<0.05),且观察组各项心绞痛发生情况均优于对照组(P<0.05);两组每周硝酸甘油用量均较治疗前减少(P<0.05),且观察组少于对照组(P<0.05);两组各项血清炎症因子水平均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组心肌梗死发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)、临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:培元活血汤联合常规西药治疗SAP疗效确切,可改善患者中医证候和心绞痛症状,减少硝酸甘油用量,减轻机体炎症反应,降低心肌梗死发生率。