Physiology and health assessment,risk balance,and model for endstage liver disease scores:Postoperative outcome of liver transplantation

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation aims to increase the survival of patients with end-stage liver diseases and improve their quality of life.The number of organs available for transplantation is lower than the demand.To provide fair organ distribution,predictive mortality scores have been developed.AIM To compare the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV(APACHE IV),balance of risk(BAR),and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)scores as predictors of mortality.METHODS Retrospective cohort study,which included 283 adult patients in the postoperative period of deceased donor liver transplantation from 2014 to 2018.RESULTS The transplant recipients were mainly male,with a mean age of 58.1 years.Donors were mostly male,with a mean age of 41.6 years.The median cold ischemia time was 3.1 hours,and the median intensive care unit stay was 5 days.For APACHE IV,a mean of 59.6 was found,BAR 10.7,and MELD 24.2.The 28-day mortality rate was 9.5%,and at 90 days,it was 3.5%.The 28-day mortality prediction for APACHE IV was very good[area under the curve(AUC):0.85,P<0.001,95%CI:0.76-0.94],P<0.001,BAR(AUC:0.70,P<0.001,95%CI:0.58–0.81),and MELD(AUC:0.66,P<0.006,95%CI:0.55-0.78),P<0.008.At 90 days,the data for APACHE IV were very good(AUC:0.80,P<0.001,95%CI:0.71–0.90)and moderate for BAR and MELD,respectively,(AUC:0.66,P<0.004,95%CI:0.55–0.77),(AUC:0.62,P<0.026,95%CI:0.51–0.72).All showed good discrimination between deaths and survivors.As for the best value for liver transplantation,it was significant only for APACHE IV(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The APACHE IV assessment score was more accurate than BAR and MELD in predicting mortality in deceased donor liver transplant recipients.

Association between acute pancreatitis and peptic ulcer disease

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between peptic ulcer disease(PUD) and acute pancreatitis.METHODS:A cohort of 78 patients with acute pancreatitis were included in this study.The presence of PUD and the Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) status were assessed by an endoscopic method.The severity of acute pancreatitis was assessed using Ranson's score,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) □ score,computed tomography severity indexand the clinical data during hospitalization,all of which were compared between the patients with and without PUD.The risk factors for PUD were also evaluated.RESULTS:Among 78 patients,41 patients(52.6%) with acute pancreatitis suffered from PUD,but only 13(31.7%) patients with PUD were infected by H.pylori.On univariate analysis,male gender,an etiology of alcohol-induced pancreatitis,a history of smoking or alcohol consumption,elevated triglyceride and C-reactive protein levels,and high APACHE □ score were signif icantly associated with PUD.However,on multivariate logistic regressionanalysis,the APACHE □ score(odds ratio:7.69;95% conf idence interval:1.78-33.33;P < 0.01) was found to be the only independent risk factor for PUD.CONCLUSION:Patients with acute pancreatitis are liable to suffer from PUD.PUD is associated with severeacute pancreatitis according to the APACHE □ score,and treatment for PUD should be considered for patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Risk factors and their interactive effects on severe acute pancreatitis complicated with acute gastrointestinal injury

BACKGROUND There are many risk factors for severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)complicated with acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI),but few reports on the interaction between these risk factors.AIM To analyze the risk factors for SAP complicated with AGI and their interactive effects.METHODS We selected 168 SAP patients admitted to our hospital between December 2019 and June 2022.They were divided into AGI group and non-AGI group according to whether AGI was present.Demographic data and laboratory test data were compared between the two groups.The risk factors for SAP with concomitant AGI were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression,and an analysis of the interaction of the risk factors was performed.RESULTS The percentage of patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,acute physiological and chronic health scoring system II(APACHE II)score,white blood cell count and creatinine(CRE)level was higher in the AGI group than in the non-AGI group.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that an APACHE II score>15 and CRE>100μmol/L were risk factors for SAP complicating AGI.The interaction index of APACHE II score and CRE level was 3.123.CONCLUSION An APACHE II score>15 and CRE level>100μmol/L are independent risk factors for SAP complicated with AGI,and there is a positive interaction between them.

Prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width for severe acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)is a common condition in the intensive care unit(ICU)and has a high mortality.Early evaluation of the severity and prognosis is very important for SAP therapy.Recently,red blood cell distribution(RDW)was associated with mortality of sepsis patients and could be used as a predictor of prognosis.Similarly,RDW may be associated with the prognosis of SAP patients and be used as a prognostic indicator for SAP patients.AIM To investigate the prognostic value of RDW for SAP patients.METHODS We retrospectively enrolled SAP patients admitted to the ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from June 2015 to June 2017.According to the prognosis at 90 d,SAP patients were divided into a survival group and a non-survival group.RDW was extracted from a routine blood test.Demographic parameters and RDW were recorded and compared between the two groups.The receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve was constructed and Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic value of RDW for SAP patients.RESULTS In this retrospective cohort study,42 SAP patients were enrolled,of whom 22 survived(survival group)and 20 died(non-survival group).The baseline parameters were comparable between the two groups.The coefficient of variation of RDW(RDW-CV),standard deviation of RDW(RDW-SD),Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II)score,and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score were significantly higher in the non-survival group than in the survival group(P<0.05).The RDW-CV and RDW-SD were significantly correlated with the APACHE II score and SOFA score,respectively.The areas under the ROC curves(AUCs)of RDW-CV and RDW-SD were all greater than those of the APACHE II score and SOFA score,among which,the AUC of RDW-SD was the greatest.The results demonstrated that RDW had better prognostic value for predicting the mortality of SAP patients.When the RDW-SD was greater than 45.5,the sensitivity for predicting prognosis was 77.8%and the specificity was 70.8%.Both RDW-CV and RDW-SD could be used as independent risk factors to predict the mortality of SAP patients in multivariate logistic regression analysis and univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis,similar to the APACHE II and SOFA scores.CONCLUSION The RDW is greater in the non-surviving SAP patients than in the surviving patients.RDW is significantly correlated with the APACHE II and SOFA scores.RDW has better prognostic value for SAP patients than the APACHE II and SOFA scores and could easily be used by clinicians for the treatment of SAP patients.

Predictors of the outcomes of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure

AIM： To identify the risk factors in predicting the out- come of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure pa- tients. METHODS： We retrospectively divided 113 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure-hepatitis B virus （ACLF-HBV） and without concurrent hepatitis C or D virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma into two groups according to their outcomes after anti-HBV therapy. Their demographic, clinical, and biochemical data on the day of diagnosis and after the first week of treatment were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher＇s exact test, and a multiple logistic regres- sion analysis. RESULTS： The study included 113 patients （87 men and 26 women） with a mean age of 49.84 years. Fifty- two patients survived, and 61 patients died. Liver failure （85.2%）, sepsis （34.4%）, and multiple organ failure （39.3%） were the main causes of death. Mul- tivariate analyses showed that Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE） Ⅱ scores ≥ 12 [odds ratio （OR） = 7.160, 95% CI： 2.834-18.092, P 〈 0.001] and positive blood culture （OR = 13.520, 95% CI： 2.740-66.721, P = 0.001） on the day of diagnosis and model for end-stage liver disease （MELD） scores 28 （OR = 8.182, 95% CI： 1.884-35.527, P = 0.005） after the first week of treatment were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION： APACHE II scores on the day of diag- nosis and MELD scores after the first week of anti-HBV therapy are feasible predictors of outcome in ACLF- HBV patients.

Prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis on admission by urinary trypsinogen activation peptide: A meta-analysis

AIM: To undertake a meta-analysis on the value of urinary trypsinogen activation peptide (uTAP) in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis on admission.METHODS: Major databases including Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library were searched to identify all relevant studies from January 1990 to January 2013. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) with 95%CI were calculated for each study and were compared to other systems/biomarkers if mentioned within the same study. Summary receiver-operating curves were conducted and the area under the curve (AUC) was evaluated.RESULTS: In total, six studies of uTAP with a cut-off value of 35 nmol/L were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of uTAP for predicting severity of acute pancreatitis, at time of admission, was 71% and 75%, respectively (AUC = 0.83, DOR = 8.67, 95%CI: 3.70-20.33). When uTAP was compared with plasma C-reactive protein, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, AUC and DOR were 0.64 vs 0.67, 0.77 vs 0.75, 0.82 vs 0.79 and 6.27 vs 6.32, respectively. Similarly, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, AUC and DOR of uTAP vs Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II within the first 48 h of admission were found to be 0.64 vs 0.69, 0.77 vs 0.61, 0.82 vs 0.73 and 6.27 vs 4.61, respectively.CONCLUSION: uTAP has the potential to act as a stratification marker on admission for differentiating disease severity of acute pancreatitis.

Predictors of irreversible intestinal resection in patients with acute mesenteric venous thrombosis

BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric venous thrombosis(AMVT)can cause a poor prognosis.Prompt transcatheter thrombolysis(TT)can achieve early mesenteric revascularization.However,irreversible intestinal ischemia still occurs and the mechanism is still unclear.AIM To evaluate the clinical outcomes of and to identify predictive factors for irreversible intestinal ischemia requiring surgical resection in AMVT patients treated by TT.METHODS The records of consecutive patients with AMVT treated by TT from January 2010 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.We compared patients who required resection of irreversible intestinal ischemia to patients who did not require.RESULTS Among 58 patients,prompt TT was carried out 28.5 h after admission.A total of 42(72.4%)patients underwent arteriovenous combined thrombolysis,and 16(27.6%)underwent arterial thrombolysis alone.The overall 30-d mortality rate was 8.6%.Irreversible intestinal ischemia was indicated in 32(55.2%)patients,who had a higher 30-d mortality and a longer in-hospital stay than patients without resection.The significant independent predictors of irreversible intestinal ischemia were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score(odds ratio=2.368,95% confidence interval:1.047-5.357,P=0.038)and leukocytosis(odds ratio=2.058,95% confidence interval:1.085-3.903,P=0.027).Using the receiver operating characteristic curve,the cutoff values of the APACHE II score and leukocytosis for predicting the onset of irreversible intestinal ischemia were calculated to be 8.5 and 12×10^9/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Prompt TT could achieve a favorable outcome in AMVT patients.High APACHE II score and leukocytosis can significantly predict the occurrence of irreversible intestinal ischemia.Therefore,close monitoring of these factors may help with the early identification of patients with irreversible intestinal ischemia,in whom ultimately surgical resection is required,before the initiation of TT.

Clinical significance of melatonin concentrations in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis

AIM: To assess the value of plasma melatonin in predicting acute pancreatitis when combined with the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation?II?(APACHEII) and bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) scoring systems.METHODS: APACHEII and BISAP scores were calculated for 55 patients with acute physiology (AP) in the first 24 h of admission to the hospital. Additionally, morning (6:00 AM) serum melatonin concentrations were measured on the first day after admission. According to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for acute pancreatitis in China, 42 patients suffered mild AP (MAP). The other 13 patients developed severe AP (SAP). A total of 45 healthy volunteers were used in this study as controls. The ability of melatonin and the APACHEII and BISAP scoring systems to predict SAP was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The optimal melatonin cutoff concentration for SAP patients, based on the ROC curve, was used to classify the patients into either a high concentration group (34 cases) or a low concentration group (21 cases). Differences in the incidence of high scores, according to the APACHEII and BISAP scoring systems, were compared between the two groups.RESULTS: The MAP patients had increased melatonin levels compared to the SAP (38.34 ng/L vs 26.77 ng/L) (P = 0.021) and control patients (38.34 ng/L vs 30.73 ng/L) (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference inmelatoninconcentrations between the SAP group and the control group. The accuracy of determining SAP based on the melatonin level, the APACHEII score and the BISAP score was 0.758, 0.872, and 0.906, respectively, according to the ROC curve. A melatonin concentration ≤ 28.74 ng/L was associated with an increased risk of developing SAP. The incidence of high scores (≥ 3) using the BISAP system was significantly higher in patients with low melatonin concentration (≤ 28.74 ng/L) compared to patients with high melatonin concentration (> 28.74 ng/L) (42.9% vs 14.7%, P = 0.02). The incidence of high APACHEII scores (≥ 10) between the two groups was not significantly different.CONCLUSION: The melatonin concentration is closely related to the severity of AP and the BISAP score. Therefore, we can evaluate the severity of disease by measuring the levels of serum melatonin.

Different phenotypes of monocytes in patients with newonset mild acute pancreatitis

AIM To evaluate the numbers of different subsets of monocytes and their associations with the values of clinical measures in mild acute pancreatitis(MAP) patients.METHODS The study included one group of 13 healthy controls and another group of 24 patients with new-onset MAP. The numbers of different subsets of monocytes were examined in these two groups of subjects by flow cytometry. The concentrations of plasma interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-12 were determined by cytometric bead array. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE) II scores of individual patients were evaluated, and the levels of plasma C-reactive protein(CRP) as well as the activities of amylase and lipase were measured. RESULTS In comparison with that in the controls, significantly increased numbers of CD14+CD163-, CD14+CD163-MAC387+ M1 monocytes, but significantly reduced numbers of CD14+CD163+IL-10+ M2 monocytes were detected in the MAP patients(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, significantly higher levels of plasma IL-10 and IL-12 were observed in the MAP patients(P < 0.01 for all). More importantly, the levels of plasma CRP were positively correlated with the numbers of CD14+CD163-(R = 0.5009, P = 0.0127) and CD14+CD163-MAC387+(R = 0.5079, P = 0.0113) M1 monocytes and CD14+CD163+CD115+ M2 monocytes(R = 0.4565, P = 0.0249) in the patients. The APACHE II scores correlated with the numbers of CD14+CD163+CD115+(R = 0.4581, P = 0.0244) monocytes and the levels of plasma IL-10(R = 0.4178, P = 0.0422) in the MAP patients. However, there was no significant association among other measures tested in this population. CONCLUSION Increased numbers of CD14+CD163- and CD14+ CD163-MAC387+ monocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of MAP, and increased numbers of CD14+CD163+CD115+ monocytes may be a biomarker for evaluating the severity of MAP.

Comparative analysis of APACHE-Ⅱ and P-POSSUM scoring systems in predicting postoperative mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy

BACKGROUND Laparotomy remains one of the commonest emergency surgical procedures.Early prognostic evaluation would aid in selecting the high-risk patients for an aggressive treatment. Awareness about risks could potentially contribute to the quality of perioperative care and optimum utilization of resources. Portsmouth modification of Physiological and operative severity for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity(P-POSSUM) and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE-Ⅱ) have been the most widely used scoring systems for emergency laparotomies. It is always better to have a single scoring system to predict outcomes and audit healthcare organizations.AIM To compare the ability of APACHE-Ⅱ and P-POSSUM to predict postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy.METHODS All patients undergoing emergency laparotomy at the Tata Main Hospital,Jamshedpur between December 2013 and November 2014 were included in the study. In this observational study, P-POSSUM and APACHE-Ⅱ scoring were done, and the outcome analysis evaluated with mortality being the primary outcome.RESULTS For P-POSSUM, at a cut off value of 63 to predict mortality using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the area under the curve was 0.989; and for APACHE-Ⅱ, at the cut off value of 24, the area under the curve was 0.965.CONCLUSION Because the ability of APACHE-Ⅱ to predict mortality was similar to P-POSSUM and APACHE-Ⅱ does not need scoring for intra-operative findings and histopathology reports, APACHE-Ⅱ can be used pre-operatively to assess the risk in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. However, for audit purposes,either of the two scoring systems can be used.

The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum Procalcitonin among Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Patients

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a complication in as many as 28% of patients who receive mechanical ventilation. Studies have consistently shown that a delay in diagnosis and treatment increases the mortality risk. The aim of this work was to clarify the role of the serum procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis and the prognosis of ventilator associated pneumonia. Methods: Forty two VAP patients, 20 non VAP-ICU (on mechanical ventilation) admitted patients and 20 healthy control subjects of similar age and sex were included in the study. PCT levels in serum samples were measured in all subjects. Results: There was a highly statistically significant difference (p value 0.001) between VAP patients on one side and non VAP-ICU patients and healthy control subjects on the other side regarding the mean values of PCT. Also, the mean values of PCT were statistically significantly higher (p 0.001) among died VAP group than the survivor VAP group. There was a statistically positive correlation (p = 0.449), CRIP (R = 0.403) and SOFA (R = 0.437)) and initial PCT serum levels. Conclusions: This study found that the increased PCT serum level is an important diagnostic tool for VAP and the PCT serum levels can predict the outcome of VAP patients. We recommend other larger studies to augment our findings.

Multicentered prospective investigator initiated study to evaluate the clinical outcomes with extracorporeal cytokine adsorption device (CytoSorb®) in patients with sepsis and septic shock

BACKGROUND Sepsis is a severe clinical syndrome related to the host response to infection.The severity of infections is due to an activation cascade that will lead to an auto amplifying cytokine production:The cytokine storm.Hemoadsorption by CytoSorb®therapy is a new technology that helps to address the cytokine storm and to regain control over various inflammatory conditions.AIM To evaluate prospectively CytoSorb®therapy used as an adjunctive therapy along with standard of care in septic patients admitted to intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS This was a prospective,real time,investigator initiated,observational multicenter study conducted in patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis and septic shock.The improvement of mean arterial pressure and reduction of vasopressor needs were evaluated as primary outcome.The change in laboratory parameters,sepsis scores[acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE II)and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)]and vital parameters were considered as secondary outcome.The outcomes were also evaluated in the survivor and nonsurvivor group.Descriptive statistics were used;a P value<0.05 was considered RESULTS Overall,45 patients aged≥18 and≤80 years were included;the majority were men(n=31;69.0%),with mean age 47.16±14.11 years.Post CytoSorb®therapy,26 patients survived and 3 patients were lost to follow-up.In the survivor group,the percentage dose reduction in vasopressor was norepinephrine(51.4%),epinephrine(69.4%)and vasopressin(13.9%).A reduction in interleukin-6 levels(52.3%)was observed in the survivor group.Platelet count improved to 30.1%(P=0.2938),and total lung capacity count significantly reduced by 33%(P<0.0001).Serum creatinine and serum lactate were reduced by 33.3%(P=0.0190)and 39.4%(P=0.0120),respectively.The mean APACHE II score was 25.46±2.91 and SOFA scores was 12.90±4.02 before initiation of CytoSorb®therapy,and they were reduced significantly post therapy(APACHE II 20.1±2.47;P<0.0001 and SOFA 9.04±3.00;P=0.0003)in the survivor group.The predicted mortality in our patient population before CytoSorb®therapy was 56.5%,and it was reduced to 48.8%(actual mortality)after CytoSorb®therapy.We reported 75%survival rate in patients given treatment in<24 h of ICU admission and 68%survival rates in patients given treatment within 24-48 h of ICU admission.In the survivor group,the average number of days spent in the ICU was 4.44±1.66 d;while in the nonsurvivor group,the average number of days spent in ICU was 8.5±15.9 d.CytoSorb®therapy was safe and well tolerated with no adverse events reported.CONCLUSION CytoSorb®might be an effective adjuvant therapy in stabilizing sepsis and septic shock patients.However,it is advisable to start the therapy at an early stage(preferably within 24 h after onset of septic shock).

联合检测外周血TIRAP、FOXO3a、HBP预测脓毒症患者近期预后的价值及意义

目的探讨联合检测外周血TOLL/白介素-1受体相关蛋白(TIRAP)、叉头蛋白转录因子3a(FOXO3a)、肝素结合蛋白(HBP)对脓毒症患者近期预后的预测价值。方法回顾性收集2020年1月—2022年12月本院205例脓毒症患者的临床资料,根据28 d生存情况分为生存组157例、死亡组48例。统计两组外周血TIRAP、FOXO3a、HBP及急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分。分析TIRAP、FOXO3a、HBP与APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分的相关性。采用Logistic回归方程分析TIRAP、FOXO3a、HBP交互作用对脓毒症近期预后的影响。评价TIRAP、FOXO3a、HBP联合预测脓毒症近期预后的价值。结果死亡组入院第1、3、7天外周血TIRAP、HBP水平及APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分高于生存组,FOXO3a水平低于生存组(P<0.05);入院第1天,脓毒症死亡患者TIRAP、HBP水平与APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分呈正相关,FOXO3a与APACHEⅡ、SOFA评分呈负相关(P<0.05);TIRAP×FOXO3a×HBP在脓毒症近期预后中存在交互作用(P<0.05);入院第1天外周血TIRAP+FOXO3a+HBP联合预测预后的曲线下面积(AUC)大于TIRAP+FOXO3a、TIRAP+HBP、FOXO3a+HBP,预测效能更佳(P<0.05)。结论脓毒症预后不良患者外周血TIRAP、HBP水平升高,FOXO3a水平降低,其水平变化与病情严重程度、近期预后有关,联合检测其水平可提高近期预后的预测效能。

两种评分系统评估急性脑梗死患者卧床期间压疮发生的研究

目的对比Braden量表、急性生理与慢性健康评分-Ⅱ(APACHE-Ⅱ)评估急性脑梗死患者卧床期间压疮风险的价值。方法选取70例急性脑梗死患者,患者清醒时,采用Braden量表、APACHE-Ⅱ量表评估患者卧床期间压疮发生风险,统计患者的一般资料和压疮发生情况,对比上述两种量表评估急性脑梗死患者压疮发生价值。结果70例急性脑梗死卧床期间发生压疮13例,占比18.57%,未发生压疮57例,占比81.43%;发生组Braden评分低于未发生组,APACHE-Ⅱ评分高于未发生组(P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线图结果显示,Braden量表和APACHE-Ⅱ量表评估急性脑梗死患者卧床期间压疮发生风险的AUC分别为0.814、0.832,评估价值较理想,且APACHE-Ⅱ量表的AUC大于Braden量表。结论相较于Braden量表,在急性脑梗死患者中应用APACHE-Ⅱ评估卧床期间压疮风险的价值更高。

国家早期预警评分联合急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ对急诊科敌草快中毒患者预后的评估价值

目的:探讨国家早期预警评分(NEWS)联合急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)对急诊科敌草快中毒患者预后的评估价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月—2022年6月广州市第十二人民医院急诊科收治的急性敌草快中毒患者93例的临床资料,根据患者入院后30 d内预后情况分为痊愈组(n=68)和死亡组(n=25)。比较两组一般资料、NEWS分级、APACHEⅡ评分。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线获取NEWS和APACHEⅡ评分的曲线下面积(AUC),分析二者对敌草快中毒患者预后的评估价值。结果:两组性别、年龄、病程比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);痊愈组中毒剂量、NEWS分级和APACHEⅡ评分均低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。NEWS、APACHEⅡ评分对急性敌草快中毒患者预后均具有显著的预测价值(AUC>0.7,P<0.001),且二者联合的AUC最大。结论:NEWS和APACHEⅡ评分对敌草快中毒患者预后均具有良好的评估价值,联合两种评分系统有助于提高评估准确度。

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值联合红细胞分布宽度在急诊老年脓毒症病人中的应用价值

目的 探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)结合红细胞分布宽度(RDW)对急诊老年脓毒症病人疾病严重程度和预后的评估意义。方法 收集2019年1月到2022年2月在首都医科大学宣武医院急诊科就诊及住院治疗的老年脓毒症病人169例。病人入急诊后给予生化全项、血气分析、全血细胞计数、降钙素原(PCT)、胸部计算机体层摄影(CT)、病原学检查等。依据以上检查结果进行急性生理与慢性健康状况评估(APACHEⅡ)。根据病人入急诊时合并脓毒性休克情况分为脓毒症组114例和脓毒性休克组55例。随访28 d,依据病人死亡情况分成生存组125例和死亡组44例。分别比较脓毒性休克组和脓毒症组、生存组和死亡组病人NLR、白细胞计数(WBC)、PCT、RDW和APACHEⅡ评分的区别,进行NLR、RDW与PCT及APACHEⅡ评分的相关性分析;分析RDW、NLR及2个指标相互结合评估老年脓毒症病人死亡风险的受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)和PCT曲线下面积的区别。结果 脓毒症休克组病人PCT、NLR、RDW和APACHEⅡ评分分别为(1.86±1.04)μg/L、9.63±3.92、(14.95±3.49)%和(16.75±3.53)分,均明显高于脓毒症组的(1.38±1.06)μg/L、7.87±3.94、(12.74±3.83)%、(14.61±2.87)分(P<0.01);WBC在脓毒症死亡组与生存组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.361),死亡组APACHEⅡ评分、NLR、PCT和RDW分别为(18.52±2.41)分、(10.64±3.74)、(2.55±1.14)μg/L和(15.98±3.69)%,均大于生存组的(14.17±2.71)分、7.67±3.82、(1.19±0.81)μg/L、(12.57±3.43)%(P<0.01),RDW和NLR均与APACHEⅡ评分和PCT具有相关性(均P<0.01);PCT的AUC 95%CI为0.86(0.80,0.92),APACHEⅡ评分的AUC 95%CI为0.88(0.83,0.93),RDW的AUC 95%CI为0.75(0.66,0.83),NLR的AUC95%CI为0.73(0.64,0.81),RDW和NLR的AUC均小于PCT(P=0.048,0.024),但RDW与NLR联合的AUC为0.80,与PCT比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.363)。结论 NLR及RDW两个指标都能够在急诊老年脓毒症病人的病情和预后评估中有较好的应用价值,二者联合的应用价值与PCT相近。

T淋巴细胞、免疫球蛋白水平联合预测重症肺炎患者院内死亡的价值

目的分析T淋巴细胞、免疫球蛋白水平联合预测重症肺炎患者院内死亡的价值。方法回顾性分析2021年5月—2022年5月在成都中医药大学附属医院接受治疗的80例重症肺炎患者的临床资料,依据患者入院后1个月的存活情况分为死亡组(26例)和存活组(54例)。比较两组基线资料,以及T淋巴细胞[白细胞分化抗原3(CD3^(+))、白细胞分化抗原4(CD4^(+))、白细胞分化抗原8(CD8^(+))]、免疫球蛋白[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)]水平。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析入院时急性生理和慢性健康状况Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,以及T淋巴细胞、免疫球蛋白水平联合预测重症肺炎患者院内死亡的价值。采用多因素逐步Logistic回归分析重症肺炎患者院内死亡的危险因素。结果两组年龄、性别、体质量指数、合并症及呼吸频率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。死亡组APACHEⅡ评分高于存活组(P<0.05),CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、IgA、IgM及IgG水平低于存活组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,T淋巴细胞、免疫球蛋白水平联合检测重症肺炎患者院内死亡的敏感性为90.3%(95%CI:0.757,0.954),特异性为78.8%(95%CI:0.654,0.819),曲线下面积(AUC)为0.854(95%CI:0.678,0.912)。入院时APACHEⅡ评分检测重症肺炎患者院内死亡的敏感性为71.1%(95%CI:0.657,0.873),特异性为96.2%(95%CI:0.751,0.984),AUC为0.801(95%CI:0.707,0.894)。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示,入院时APACHEⅡ评分高[OR=1.536(95%CI:1.118,2.110)]、CD3^(+)[OR=1.797(95%CI:1.122,2.878)]、CD4^(+)[OR=1.751(95%CI:1.121,2.735)]、CD8^(+)[OR=1.886(95%CI:1.075,3.309)]、IgA[OR=1.967(95%CI:1.142,3.388)]、IgM[OR=1.945(95%CI:1.145,3.304)]及IgG[OR=2.132(95%CI:1.176,3.865)]均为重症肺炎患者院内死亡的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论入院时APACHEⅡ评分、T淋巴细胞及免疫球蛋白水平预测重症肺炎患者院内死亡的价值较高,且T淋巴细胞、免疫球蛋白水平联合预测时具有更高的敏感性,可有效提高检测效率,另入院时APACHEⅡ评分高、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、IgA、IgM及IgG均为重症肺炎患者院内死亡的影响因素,临床应结合以上指标对重症肺炎患者进行重点筛查,及时采取干预措施,降低病死率。

A comparison of APACHE II,BISAP,Ranson’s score and modified CTSI in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis based on the 2012 revised Atlanta Classification

Objective:Our aim was to prospectively compare the Accuracy of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II,Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis(BISAP),Ranson’s score and modified Computed Tomography Severity Index(CTSI)in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis based on Atlanta 2012 definitions in a tertiary care hospital in northern India.Methods:Fifty patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to our hospital during the period of March 2015 to September 2016 were included in the study.APACHE II,BISAP and Ranson’s score were calculated for all the cases.Modified CTSI was also determined based on a pancreatic protocol contrast enhanced computerized tomography(CT).Optimal cut-offs for these scoring systems and the area under the curve(AUC)were evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve and these scoring systems were compared prospectively.Results:Of the 50 cases,14 were graded as severe acute pancreatitis.Pancreatic necrosis was present in 15 patients,while 14 developed persistent organ failure and 14 needed intensive care unit(ICU)admission.The AUC for modified CTSI was consistently the highest for predicting severe acute pancreatitis(0.919),pancreatic necrosis(0.993),organ failure(0.893)and ICU admission(0.993).APACHE II was the second most accurate in predicting severe acute pancreatitis(AUC 0.834)and organ failure(0.831).APACHE II had a high sensitivity for predicting pancreatic necrosis(93.33%),organ failure(92.86%)and ICU admission(92.31%),and also had a high negative predictive value for predicting pancreatic necrosis(96.15%),organ failure(96.15%)and ICU admission(95.83%).Conclusion:APACHE II is a useful prognostic scoring system for predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis and can be a crucial aid in determining the group of patients that have a high chance of need for tertiary care during the course of their illness and therefore need early resuscitation and prompt referral,especially in resource-limited developing countries.

PSS、APACHE-Ⅱ评分对急性有机磷农药中毒患者近期预后不良预测价值比较

目的比较中毒严重度评分表(PSS)、急性生理学和慢性健康状况评价Ⅱ(APACHE-Ⅱ)评分对急性有机磷农药中毒(AOPP)患者近期预后不良的预测价值。方法采用简单随机抽样法选取2022年1月至2023年4月该院收治的AOPP患者185例作为研究对象,收集患者入院24 h内相关数据计算PSS、APACHE-Ⅱ评分,并记录28 d预后情况,根据不同预后分为预后良好组(147例)和预后不良组(32例)。采用logistic回归模型探究AOPP患者近期预后不良的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征曲线评估并比较PSS、APACHE-Ⅱ评分对AOPP患者近期预后不良的预测价值。结果AOPP患者近期预后不良发生率为17.88%(32/179)。预后不良组患者中毒剂量、中毒至入院时间,以及PSS、APACHE-Ⅱ评分均明显高于预后良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);中毒剂量、中毒至入院时间,以及PSS、APACHE-Ⅱ评分均为AOPP患者近期预后不良的影响因素(优势比=3.740、3.428、4.371、4.518,P<0.05);APACHE-Ⅱ评分预测AOPP患者近期预后不良ROC曲线的曲线下面积高于PSS评分、logistic回归模型分析结果,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PSS、APACHE-Ⅱ评分升高可增加AOPP患者近期预后不良的风险,且中毒剂量、中毒至入院时间也是其影响因素,APACHE-Ⅱ评分预测AOPP患者近期预后不良的效能高于PSS评分。

APACHE Ⅱ评分联合全身免疫炎症指数对高龄重症肺部感染患者生存预后的预测价值

目的 探讨急性生理和慢性健康评估系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分联合全身免疫炎症指数(SII)对高龄重症肺部感染(SPI)患者生存预后的预测价值。方法 选取2021年1月至2023年1月上海中医药大学附属龙华医院收治的高龄SPI患者,按照1:1比例分别选择入院后28 d死亡者51例(死亡组)和存活者51例(存活组),计算APACHEⅡ评分和SII。以高龄SPI患者生存预后为因变量,建立多因素条件Logistic回归模型确定其影响因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价APACHEⅡ评分联合SII对其的预测价值。结果 高龄SPI患者死亡的独立危险因素为脓毒症、APACHEⅡ评分增加和SII增加(P <0.05)。APACHEⅡ评分联合SII预测高龄SPI患者生存预后的曲线下面积为0.900,大于APACHEⅡ评分、SII单独预测的0.828、0.787(P <0.05)。结论 APACHEⅡ评分、SII增加为高龄SPI患者死亡的独立危险因素,APACHEⅡ评分联合SII预测高龄SPI患者生存预后的价值较高。