A clear relationship between dose of radiation and mortality in humans is still not known because of lack of human data that would enable to determine human tolerance in total body irradiation. Human data for analysis...A clear relationship between dose of radiation and mortality in humans is still not known because of lack of human data that would enable to determine human tolerance in total body irradiation. Human data for analysis have been primarily from radiation accidents, radiotherapy and the atomic bomb victims. A general formula that predicts mortality probability as a function of dose rate and duration of exposure to acute high dose ionizing radiation in humans was published by the author, applying the “probacent” model to the reported data on animal-model-predicted dose versus mortality. In this study, the “probacent” model is applied to the data on dose versus cancer mortality risk, published by the United Nations (UNSCEAR, 2010) and other investigators to construct general formulas expressing a relationship between dose and solid cancer or leukemia mortality probability after exposure to acute low dose ionizing radiation in humans. There is a remarkable agreement between formula-derived and published values of dose and solid cancer or leukemia mortality probability (p > 0.99). The general formula might be helpful in preventing radiation hazard and injury in acute low dose ionizing radiation, and for safety in radiotherapy.展开更多
Accidental radiation exposure and the threat of deliberate radiation exposure have been in the news and are a public health concern. Experience with acute radiation sickness has been gathered from atomic blast survivo...Accidental radiation exposure and the threat of deliberate radiation exposure have been in the news and are a public health concern. Experience with acute radiation sickness has been gathered from atomic blast survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and from civilian nuclear accidents as well as experience gained during the development of radiation therapy for cancer. This paper reviews the medical treatment reports relevant to acute radiation sickness among the survivors of atomic weapons at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, among the victims of Chernobyl, and the two cases described so far from the Fukushima Dai-Ichi disaster. The data supporting the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the new efforts to expand stem cell populations ex vivo for infusion to treat bone marrow failure are reviewed. Hematopoietic stem cells derived from bone marrow or blood have a broad ability to repair and replace radiation induced damaged blood and immune cell production and may promote blood vessel formation and tissue repair. Additionally, a constituent of bone marrow-derived, adult pluripotent stem cells, very small embryonic like stem cells, are highly resistant to ioniz-ing radiation and appear capable of regenerating radiation damaged tissue including skin, gut and lung.展开更多
Objective： To observe the efficacy and safety of the Chinese medicine（CM） Compound Zhuye Shigao Granule（复方竹叶石膏颗粒, CZSG） on acute radiation-induced esophagitis（ARIE） in cancer patients. Methods： In a bl...Objective： To observe the efficacy and safety of the Chinese medicine（CM） Compound Zhuye Shigao Granule（复方竹叶石膏颗粒, CZSG） on acute radiation-induced esophagitis（ARIE） in cancer patients. Methods： In a blinded, randomized, Kangfuxin Solution（康复新液, KFX）-controlled, single-centre clinical trial, 120 patients with lung, esophagus or mediastinal cancer were prospectively enrolled and assigned to the treatment group（60 cases） and control group（60 cases） by the random number table method. All patients received concurrent or sequential radiotherapy（2 Gy per day, 5 times per week, for 4 weeks） and were treated for 4 weeks since the radiation therapy. Patients in the treatment group were given 12 mg CZSG orally, thrice daily, while patients in the control group were given 10 m L KFX orally, thrice daily. The major indicators were observed, including the incidence and grade of esophagitis, time of occurrence and duration. Minor indicators were changes of CM symptoms, weight and Karnofsky Performance Status（KPS） Scale during 4 weeks from the beginning, recorded once a week. Blood routine examination and hepatorenal function were detected at the 2nd and 4th weeks. Results： The incidence and grade of ARIE were significantly decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group（P〈0.05）. CZSG appeared to significantly delay the time of ARIE occurrence and reduce the duration compared with KFX（P〈0.05）. The scores of CM symptoms, KPS and weight were improved significantly in the treatment group compared with the control group（P〈0.05）. There were no blood routine and hepatorenal function abnormal or obvious side-effects in both groups. Hemoglobin was improved and neutrophil and interleukin 6 were decreased in both groups after 4-week treatment compared with before treatment（P〈0.05）, and there was no significant difference between the two groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusions： CZSG can decrease the incidence and grade of ARIE, delay the time of occurrence, reduce duration and alleviate the damage of ARIE. It is safe and effective in the prevention and cure of ARIE.展开更多
文摘A clear relationship between dose of radiation and mortality in humans is still not known because of lack of human data that would enable to determine human tolerance in total body irradiation. Human data for analysis have been primarily from radiation accidents, radiotherapy and the atomic bomb victims. A general formula that predicts mortality probability as a function of dose rate and duration of exposure to acute high dose ionizing radiation in humans was published by the author, applying the “probacent” model to the reported data on animal-model-predicted dose versus mortality. In this study, the “probacent” model is applied to the data on dose versus cancer mortality risk, published by the United Nations (UNSCEAR, 2010) and other investigators to construct general formulas expressing a relationship between dose and solid cancer or leukemia mortality probability after exposure to acute low dose ionizing radiation in humans. There is a remarkable agreement between formula-derived and published values of dose and solid cancer or leukemia mortality probability (p > 0.99). The general formula might be helpful in preventing radiation hazard and injury in acute low dose ionizing radiation, and for safety in radiotherapy.
文摘Accidental radiation exposure and the threat of deliberate radiation exposure have been in the news and are a public health concern. Experience with acute radiation sickness has been gathered from atomic blast survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and from civilian nuclear accidents as well as experience gained during the development of radiation therapy for cancer. This paper reviews the medical treatment reports relevant to acute radiation sickness among the survivors of atomic weapons at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, among the victims of Chernobyl, and the two cases described so far from the Fukushima Dai-Ichi disaster. The data supporting the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the new efforts to expand stem cell populations ex vivo for infusion to treat bone marrow failure are reviewed. Hematopoietic stem cells derived from bone marrow or blood have a broad ability to repair and replace radiation induced damaged blood and immune cell production and may promote blood vessel formation and tissue repair. Additionally, a constituent of bone marrow-derived, adult pluripotent stem cells, very small embryonic like stem cells, are highly resistant to ioniz-ing radiation and appear capable of regenerating radiation damaged tissue including skin, gut and lung.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373543)Clinical Research Support Fund of the PLA General Hospital(No.2013FC-ZHCG-1002)
文摘Objective： To observe the efficacy and safety of the Chinese medicine（CM） Compound Zhuye Shigao Granule（复方竹叶石膏颗粒, CZSG） on acute radiation-induced esophagitis（ARIE） in cancer patients. Methods： In a blinded, randomized, Kangfuxin Solution（康复新液, KFX）-controlled, single-centre clinical trial, 120 patients with lung, esophagus or mediastinal cancer were prospectively enrolled and assigned to the treatment group（60 cases） and control group（60 cases） by the random number table method. All patients received concurrent or sequential radiotherapy（2 Gy per day, 5 times per week, for 4 weeks） and were treated for 4 weeks since the radiation therapy. Patients in the treatment group were given 12 mg CZSG orally, thrice daily, while patients in the control group were given 10 m L KFX orally, thrice daily. The major indicators were observed, including the incidence and grade of esophagitis, time of occurrence and duration. Minor indicators were changes of CM symptoms, weight and Karnofsky Performance Status（KPS） Scale during 4 weeks from the beginning, recorded once a week. Blood routine examination and hepatorenal function were detected at the 2nd and 4th weeks. Results： The incidence and grade of ARIE were significantly decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group（P〈0.05）. CZSG appeared to significantly delay the time of ARIE occurrence and reduce the duration compared with KFX（P〈0.05）. The scores of CM symptoms, KPS and weight were improved significantly in the treatment group compared with the control group（P〈0.05）. There were no blood routine and hepatorenal function abnormal or obvious side-effects in both groups. Hemoglobin was improved and neutrophil and interleukin 6 were decreased in both groups after 4-week treatment compared with before treatment（P〈0.05）, and there was no significant difference between the two groups（P〉0.05）. Conclusions： CZSG can decrease the incidence and grade of ARIE, delay the time of occurrence, reduce duration and alleviate the damage of ARIE. It is safe and effective in the prevention and cure of ARIE.
