A clear relationship between dose of radiation and mortality in humans is still not known because of lack of human data that would enable to determine human tolerance in total body irradiation. Human data for analysis...A clear relationship between dose of radiation and mortality in humans is still not known because of lack of human data that would enable to determine human tolerance in total body irradiation. Human data for analysis have been primarily from radiation accidents, radiotherapy and the atomic bomb victims. A general formula that predicts mortality probability as a function of dose rate and duration of exposure to acute high dose ionizing radiation in humans was published by the author, applying the “probacent” model to the reported data on animal-model-predicted dose versus mortality. In this study, the “probacent” model is applied to the data on dose versus cancer mortality risk, published by the United Nations (UNSCEAR, 2010) and other investigators to construct general formulas expressing a relationship between dose and solid cancer or leukemia mortality probability after exposure to acute low dose ionizing radiation in humans. There is a remarkable agreement between formula-derived and published values of dose and solid cancer or leukemia mortality probability (p > 0.99). The general formula might be helpful in preventing radiation hazard and injury in acute low dose ionizing radiation, and for safety in radiotherapy.展开更多
Intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH)and abdominal compartment syndrome are well recognized entities among surgical patients.Nevertheless,a number of prospective and retrospective observational studies have shown that IAH...Intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH)and abdominal compartment syndrome are well recognized entities among surgical patients.Nevertheless,a number of prospective and retrospective observational studies have shown that IAH is prevalent in about half of the critically ill patients in the medical intensive care units(ICU)and has been widely recognized as an independent risk factor for mortality.It is alarming to note that many members of the critical care team in medical ICU are not aware of the consequences of untreated IAH and the delay in making the diagnosis leads to increased morbidity and mortality.Frequently it is underdiagnosed and undertreated in this patient population.Elevated intraabdominal pressure decreases the blood flow to the kidneys and other abdominal viscera and also results in reduced cardiac output and difficulties in ventilating the patient because of increased intrathoracic pressure.When intraabdominal hypertension is not promptly recognized and treated,it leads to abdominal compartment syndrome,multiorgan dysfunction syndrome and death.Large volume fluid resuscitation is very common in medical ICU patients presenting with sepsis,shock and other inflammatory conditions like pancreatitis and it is one of the major risk factors for the development of intra-abdominal hypertension.This article presents an overview of the epidemiology,definitions,risk factors,pathophysiology and management of IAH and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill medical ICU patients.展开更多
Background::Since 2019,a novel coronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)has emerged worldwide.Apart from fever and respiratory complications,acute kidney injury has been observed in a few patients with coron...Background::Since 2019,a novel coronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)has emerged worldwide.Apart from fever and respiratory complications,acute kidney injury has been observed in a few patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Furthermore,according to recent findings,the virus has been detected in urine.Angiotensin-converting enzyme II(ACE2)has been proposed to serve as the receptor for the entry of 2019-nCoV,which is the same as that for the severe acute respiratory syndrome.This study aimed to investigate the possible cause of kidney damage and the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.Methods::We used both published kidney and bladder cell atlas data and new independent kidney single-cell RNA sequencing data generated in-house to evaluate ACE2 gene expression in all cell types in healthy kidneys and bladders.The Pearson correlation coefficients between ACE2 and all other genes were first generated.Then,genes with r values larger than 0.1 and P values smaller than 0.01 were deemed significant co-expression genes with ACE2.Results::Our results showed the enriched expression of ACE2 in all subtypes of proximal tubule(PT)cells of the kidney.ACE2 expression was found in 5.12%,5.80%,and 14.38%of the proximal convoluted tubule cells,PT cells,and proximal straight tubule cells,respectively,in three published kidney cell atlas datasets.In addition,ACE2 expression was also confirmed in 12.05%,6.80%,and 10.20%of cells of the proximal convoluted tubule,PT,and proximal straight tubule,respectively,in our own two healthy kidney samples.For the analysis of public data from three bladder samples,ACE2 expression was low but detectable in bladder epithelial cells.Only 0.25%and 1.28%of intermediate cells and umbrella cells,respectively,had ACE2 expression.Conclusion::This study has provided bioinformatics evidence of the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.展开更多
文摘A clear relationship between dose of radiation and mortality in humans is still not known because of lack of human data that would enable to determine human tolerance in total body irradiation. Human data for analysis have been primarily from radiation accidents, radiotherapy and the atomic bomb victims. A general formula that predicts mortality probability as a function of dose rate and duration of exposure to acute high dose ionizing radiation in humans was published by the author, applying the “probacent” model to the reported data on animal-model-predicted dose versus mortality. In this study, the “probacent” model is applied to the data on dose versus cancer mortality risk, published by the United Nations (UNSCEAR, 2010) and other investigators to construct general formulas expressing a relationship between dose and solid cancer or leukemia mortality probability after exposure to acute low dose ionizing radiation in humans. There is a remarkable agreement between formula-derived and published values of dose and solid cancer or leukemia mortality probability (p > 0.99). The general formula might be helpful in preventing radiation hazard and injury in acute low dose ionizing radiation, and for safety in radiotherapy.
文摘Intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH)and abdominal compartment syndrome are well recognized entities among surgical patients.Nevertheless,a number of prospective and retrospective observational studies have shown that IAH is prevalent in about half of the critically ill patients in the medical intensive care units(ICU)and has been widely recognized as an independent risk factor for mortality.It is alarming to note that many members of the critical care team in medical ICU are not aware of the consequences of untreated IAH and the delay in making the diagnosis leads to increased morbidity and mortality.Frequently it is underdiagnosed and undertreated in this patient population.Elevated intraabdominal pressure decreases the blood flow to the kidneys and other abdominal viscera and also results in reduced cardiac output and difficulties in ventilating the patient because of increased intrathoracic pressure.When intraabdominal hypertension is not promptly recognized and treated,it leads to abdominal compartment syndrome,multiorgan dysfunction syndrome and death.Large volume fluid resuscitation is very common in medical ICU patients presenting with sepsis,shock and other inflammatory conditions like pancreatitis and it is one of the major risk factors for the development of intra-abdominal hypertension.This article presents an overview of the epidemiology,definitions,risk factors,pathophysiology and management of IAH and abdominal compartment syndrome in critically ill medical ICU patients.
基金the Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(No.C2019184)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81800641).
文摘Background::Since 2019,a novel coronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)has emerged worldwide.Apart from fever and respiratory complications,acute kidney injury has been observed in a few patients with coronavirus disease 2019.Furthermore,according to recent findings,the virus has been detected in urine.Angiotensin-converting enzyme II(ACE2)has been proposed to serve as the receptor for the entry of 2019-nCoV,which is the same as that for the severe acute respiratory syndrome.This study aimed to investigate the possible cause of kidney damage and the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.Methods::We used both published kidney and bladder cell atlas data and new independent kidney single-cell RNA sequencing data generated in-house to evaluate ACE2 gene expression in all cell types in healthy kidneys and bladders.The Pearson correlation coefficients between ACE2 and all other genes were first generated.Then,genes with r values larger than 0.1 and P values smaller than 0.01 were deemed significant co-expression genes with ACE2.Results::Our results showed the enriched expression of ACE2 in all subtypes of proximal tubule(PT)cells of the kidney.ACE2 expression was found in 5.12%,5.80%,and 14.38%of the proximal convoluted tubule cells,PT cells,and proximal straight tubule cells,respectively,in three published kidney cell atlas datasets.In addition,ACE2 expression was also confirmed in 12.05%,6.80%,and 10.20%of cells of the proximal convoluted tubule,PT,and proximal straight tubule,respectively,in our own two healthy kidney samples.For the analysis of public data from three bladder samples,ACE2 expression was low but detectable in bladder epithelial cells.Only 0.25%and 1.28%of intermediate cells and umbrella cells,respectively,had ACE2 expression.Conclusion::This study has provided bioinformatics evidence of the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.
