There is no effective treatment for hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Considering that the branches of L4 nerve roots in the lumbar plexus root control the movement of the lower extremity anterior...There is no effective treatment for hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Considering that the branches of L4 nerve roots in the lumbar plexus root control the movement of the lower extremity anterior and posterior muscles,we investigated a potential method of nerve repair using the L4 nerve roots.Rat models of hindlimb hemiplegia after a hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were established by injecting autogenous blood into the posterior limb of internal capsule.The L4 nerve root on the healthy side of model rats was transferred and then anastomosed with the L4 nerve root on the affected side to drive the extensor and flexor muscles of the hindlimbs.We investigated whether this method can restore the flexible movement of the hindlimbs of paralyzed rats after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.In a beam-walking test and ladder rung walking task,model rats exhibited an initial high number of slips,but improved in accuracy on the paretic side over time.At 17 weeks after surgery,rats gained approximately 58.2%accuracy from baseline performance and performed ankle motions on the paretic side.At 9 weeks after surgery,a retrograde tracing test showed a large number of fluoro-gold-labeled motoneurons in the left anterior horn of the spinal cord that supports the L4-to-L4 nerve roots.In addition,histological and ultramicrostructural findings showed axon regeneration of motoneurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.Electromyography and paw print analysis showed that denervated hindlimb muscles regained reliable innervation and walking coordination improved.These findings suggest that the L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer method for the treatment of hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage can improve the locomotion of hindlimb major joints,particularly of the distal ankle.Findings from study support that the L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer method can effectively repair the hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(No.IACUC-1906009)in June 2019.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells have neuroprotective effects that limit damage to the retina and photoreceptors,and which may be mediated by extracellular vesicles(or exosomes)released by mesenchymal stem cells.To investigate ...Mesenchymal stem cells have neuroprotective effects that limit damage to the retina and photoreceptors,and which may be mediated by extracellular vesicles(or exosomes)released by mesenchymal stem cells.To investigate the neuroprotective effect of extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on glaucoma,we established rat models of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting conjunctival fibroblasts into the anterior chamber to mimic optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma.One week after injury,extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the vitreous cavity.We found that extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells substantially reduced retinal damage,increased the number of retinal ganglion cells,and inhibited the activation of caspase-3.These findings suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles can help alleviate optic nerve injury caused by chronic ocular hypertension,and this effect is achieved by inhibiting cell apoptosis.展开更多
目的:青光眼是一种多因素相关的视神经病变,致盲率高,其发病机制复杂,目前尚未明确。高眼压是目前唯一可调控的、与青光眼的发病密切相关的危险因素。本研究通过运用环角膜缘缝合与小梁网联合巩膜静脉激光光凝2种不同的方法建立慢性高...目的:青光眼是一种多因素相关的视神经病变,致盲率高,其发病机制复杂,目前尚未明确。高眼压是目前唯一可调控的、与青光眼的发病密切相关的危险因素。本研究通过运用环角膜缘缝合与小梁网联合巩膜静脉激光光凝2种不同的方法建立慢性高眼压大鼠模型,比较2种模型的眼压升高程度和高眼压持续时间,视网膜形态损伤和视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGCs)损伤程度,以及超微结构改变等。方法:建立2种慢性高眼压模型,分为环角膜缘缝合组(缝合组,用10/0尼龙线沿角巩膜缘缝合)和激光光凝组(激光组,激光灼烧小梁网联合巩膜外静脉),并以其对侧眼作为对照组。观察并定期规律监测2组大鼠的眼压变化。采用大鼠视网膜切片HE染色观察2种慢性高眼压模型对视网膜和视神经病理学的影响,透射电镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)观察慢性高眼压模型超微结构中线粒体形态的变化,大鼠视网膜铺片Brn3b抗体免疫荧光染色特异性标记RGCs并计数,蛋白质印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3的表达以明确RGCs的凋亡情况。结果:与对照组相比,缝合组与激光组大鼠眼压均明显升高(均P<0.05),其中缝合组的眼压最高升高1.5倍,眼压显著升高持续8周;激光组的眼压最高达对照组的2倍,持续12周。2组都会导致RGCs丢失,与Brn3b染色的结果相符,2组caspase-3表达水平均升高(均P<0.05)。而在TEM下,2组RGCs中的线粒体形态均变为碎片化,从正常的长条形变小、变圆。与激光组相比,缝合组视网膜形态学的病理变化较轻微。结论:环角膜缘缝合可建立有效的慢性高眼压模型,诱导与激光光凝模型相似的青光眼性病理改变,但病理改变较激光光凝轻微。相较于激光光凝建模,环角膜缘缝合法对于设备要求和操作能力要求更低。展开更多
AIM: To study the effects of endotoxin on portal hemodynamic of normal and noncirrhotic portal hypertensive rats. METHODS: Normal rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0mg.kg(-1) of lip...AIM: To study the effects of endotoxin on portal hemodynamic of normal and noncirrhotic portal hypertensive rats. METHODS: Normal rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0mg.kg(-1) of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) respectively, portal vein ligation(PVL) and intrahepatic portal occlusion (IPO) rats as well as sham-operated rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 1.0mg.kg(-1) of LPS, the portal vein pressure(PVP), portal venous flow(PVF), inferior vena cava pressure(IVCP) and portal vein resistance(PVR) were detected 4 hours after injection. RESULTS: PVF of the 5 groups of rats accepting intraperitoneal injection of LPS were increased from 14.0 to 18.0, 22.2, 26.2, 34.8, 39.6, 38.8 mL.min(-1) 4 hours after injection of LPS(P【0.01). PVP of the 4 groups of rats accepting more than 0.1mg/kg.b.w of LPS was increased from 1.04 to 1.25, 1.50, 1.80, 1.95, 2.05 kPa(P【0.01). The increments of PVF and PVP were in a dose-dependent manner of LPS. PVR of the 5 groups of rats was decreased from 51 to 42,44,48,45,44,47 kPa.min.L(-1) (P【0.05) and no dose-dependent manner was observed. PVF of PVL, IPO and sham-operated rats increased from 22.6 to 32.8, 22.0 to 28.0, 14.0 to 34.8 mL.min(-1) (P【0.01), and PVP increased from 1.86 to 2.24, 1.74 to 1.95, 1.04 to 1.80 kPa(P【0.01), PVR decreased from 71 to 61, 67 to 61, 52 to 44 kPa.min.L(-1) after intraperitoneal injection of 1mg.kg(-1) of LPS. The increments of PVF and PVP of PVL and IPO rats were significantly less than the sham-operated rats(P【0.01), There was no significant difference between the amounts of PVR decreased in the two groups of PHT model rats and sham-operated rats(P】0.05) after intraperitoneal injection 1mg.kg(-1) of LPS. CONCLUSION: Endotoxin could prompt portal hypertension of the normal and noncirrhotic portal hypertensive rats by increasing portal blood flow mainly.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81171147(to LXL)“Key Medical Talents of Qiangwei Project”Research Foundation of Health Department of Jiangsu Province,No.ZDRCA2016010(to LXL)+3 种基金“Xingwei Project”Key Personal Medical Research Foundation of Health Department of Jiangsu Province,No.RC201156(to LXL)Jiangsu Province’s Key Discipline of Medicine,No.XK201117(to LXL)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,PAPD(to LXL)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20171064(to BSH).
文摘There is no effective treatment for hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Considering that the branches of L4 nerve roots in the lumbar plexus root control the movement of the lower extremity anterior and posterior muscles,we investigated a potential method of nerve repair using the L4 nerve roots.Rat models of hindlimb hemiplegia after a hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were established by injecting autogenous blood into the posterior limb of internal capsule.The L4 nerve root on the healthy side of model rats was transferred and then anastomosed with the L4 nerve root on the affected side to drive the extensor and flexor muscles of the hindlimbs.We investigated whether this method can restore the flexible movement of the hindlimbs of paralyzed rats after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.In a beam-walking test and ladder rung walking task,model rats exhibited an initial high number of slips,but improved in accuracy on the paretic side over time.At 17 weeks after surgery,rats gained approximately 58.2%accuracy from baseline performance and performed ankle motions on the paretic side.At 9 weeks after surgery,a retrograde tracing test showed a large number of fluoro-gold-labeled motoneurons in the left anterior horn of the spinal cord that supports the L4-to-L4 nerve roots.In addition,histological and ultramicrostructural findings showed axon regeneration of motoneurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.Electromyography and paw print analysis showed that denervated hindlimb muscles regained reliable innervation and walking coordination improved.These findings suggest that the L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer method for the treatment of hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage can improve the locomotion of hindlimb major joints,particularly of the distal ankle.Findings from study support that the L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer method can effectively repair the hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(No.IACUC-1906009)in June 2019.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81570844the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2011D001+2 种基金Medical Innovation Program of Fujian Province,No.2011-CXB-47Huaxia Translational Medicine Youth Foundation,No.2017-A-00301Xiamen Science and Technology Program Guiding Project,No.3502Z20189033(all to RYW)。
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells have neuroprotective effects that limit damage to the retina and photoreceptors,and which may be mediated by extracellular vesicles(or exosomes)released by mesenchymal stem cells.To investigate the neuroprotective effect of extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on glaucoma,we established rat models of chronic ocular hypertension by injecting conjunctival fibroblasts into the anterior chamber to mimic optic nerve injury caused by glaucoma.One week after injury,extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the vitreous cavity.We found that extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells substantially reduced retinal damage,increased the number of retinal ganglion cells,and inhibited the activation of caspase-3.These findings suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles can help alleviate optic nerve injury caused by chronic ocular hypertension,and this effect is achieved by inhibiting cell apoptosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(81700838)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ4789)the Scientific Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province(202307027224),China.
文摘目的:青光眼是一种多因素相关的视神经病变,致盲率高,其发病机制复杂,目前尚未明确。高眼压是目前唯一可调控的、与青光眼的发病密切相关的危险因素。本研究通过运用环角膜缘缝合与小梁网联合巩膜静脉激光光凝2种不同的方法建立慢性高眼压大鼠模型,比较2种模型的眼压升高程度和高眼压持续时间,视网膜形态损伤和视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGCs)损伤程度,以及超微结构改变等。方法:建立2种慢性高眼压模型,分为环角膜缘缝合组(缝合组,用10/0尼龙线沿角巩膜缘缝合)和激光光凝组(激光组,激光灼烧小梁网联合巩膜外静脉),并以其对侧眼作为对照组。观察并定期规律监测2组大鼠的眼压变化。采用大鼠视网膜切片HE染色观察2种慢性高眼压模型对视网膜和视神经病理学的影响,透射电镜(transmission electron microscope,TEM)观察慢性高眼压模型超微结构中线粒体形态的变化,大鼠视网膜铺片Brn3b抗体免疫荧光染色特异性标记RGCs并计数,蛋白质印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3的表达以明确RGCs的凋亡情况。结果:与对照组相比,缝合组与激光组大鼠眼压均明显升高(均P<0.05),其中缝合组的眼压最高升高1.5倍,眼压显著升高持续8周;激光组的眼压最高达对照组的2倍,持续12周。2组都会导致RGCs丢失,与Brn3b染色的结果相符,2组caspase-3表达水平均升高(均P<0.05)。而在TEM下,2组RGCs中的线粒体形态均变为碎片化,从正常的长条形变小、变圆。与激光组相比,缝合组视网膜形态学的病理变化较轻微。结论:环角膜缘缝合可建立有效的慢性高眼压模型,诱导与激光光凝模型相似的青光眼性病理改变,但病理改变较激光光凝轻微。相较于激光光凝建模,环角膜缘缝合法对于设备要求和操作能力要求更低。
文摘AIM: To study the effects of endotoxin on portal hemodynamic of normal and noncirrhotic portal hypertensive rats. METHODS: Normal rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0mg.kg(-1) of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) respectively, portal vein ligation(PVL) and intrahepatic portal occlusion (IPO) rats as well as sham-operated rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 1.0mg.kg(-1) of LPS, the portal vein pressure(PVP), portal venous flow(PVF), inferior vena cava pressure(IVCP) and portal vein resistance(PVR) were detected 4 hours after injection. RESULTS: PVF of the 5 groups of rats accepting intraperitoneal injection of LPS were increased from 14.0 to 18.0, 22.2, 26.2, 34.8, 39.6, 38.8 mL.min(-1) 4 hours after injection of LPS(P【0.01). PVP of the 4 groups of rats accepting more than 0.1mg/kg.b.w of LPS was increased from 1.04 to 1.25, 1.50, 1.80, 1.95, 2.05 kPa(P【0.01). The increments of PVF and PVP were in a dose-dependent manner of LPS. PVR of the 5 groups of rats was decreased from 51 to 42,44,48,45,44,47 kPa.min.L(-1) (P【0.05) and no dose-dependent manner was observed. PVF of PVL, IPO and sham-operated rats increased from 22.6 to 32.8, 22.0 to 28.0, 14.0 to 34.8 mL.min(-1) (P【0.01), and PVP increased from 1.86 to 2.24, 1.74 to 1.95, 1.04 to 1.80 kPa(P【0.01), PVR decreased from 71 to 61, 67 to 61, 52 to 44 kPa.min.L(-1) after intraperitoneal injection of 1mg.kg(-1) of LPS. The increments of PVF and PVP of PVL and IPO rats were significantly less than the sham-operated rats(P【0.01), There was no significant difference between the amounts of PVR decreased in the two groups of PHT model rats and sham-operated rats(P】0.05) after intraperitoneal injection 1mg.kg(-1) of LPS. CONCLUSION: Endotoxin could prompt portal hypertension of the normal and noncirrhotic portal hypertensive rats by increasing portal blood flow mainly.
