Equilibrium Sorption of Lead and Nickel from Solutions by Flame of the Forest (<i>Delonix regia</i>) Pods: Kinetics and Isothermic Study

Batch adsorption techniques were used to study the biosorption of Lead and Nickel from aqueous solutions by Flame of the forest pods. The effects of optimum pH, contact time, metal ion concentration, biosorbent dose, biosorbent particle size and the presence of sodium, calcium and magnesium interfering ions on the sorption were investigated. Experimental results showed that Delonix regia biomass was effective in removing these metals from aqueous solutions as the equilibrium biosorption of both metals was attained within 60 minutes of interaction with 98% of the metals removed within this period. Sorption of these metals was dependent on pH as maximum removal was attained at pH 4 and pH 5 for Lead and Nickel ions respectively. Adsorption experiments showed that the process followed the pseudo second order kinetic model with high r2 (0.9999) and the equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The presence of competing ions impacted negatively on the sorption process irrespective of the type used. 27% and 36% of lead (II) were recovered from the spent biosorbents with 1 MHCl and disodium salt of EDTA solutions respectively.

Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies: Adsorption of Pb, Cr and Ni Ions from Spent Lubrication Oil (SLO) Using Acid Modified Clay

Adsorption of Pb, Cr, and Ni ions from spent lubrication oil (SLO) by sulphuric acid modified clay (SAMC) was investigated considering the effect of contact time and temperature of the adsorption system. The removal percentage of the heavy metals was found to be temperature and contact time-dependent. Adsorption of the heavy metals increases with an increase in temperature and contact time with 95.0% - 100% adsorption recorded at the temperature of 331 K with the equilibration time of 12 hours. The thermodynamic and kinetics investigation of the adsorption process showed that the adsorption of these metals by the modified adsorbent is a spontaneous and endothermic physical adsorption process that followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

Sorption of Triton X-100 on soil organic matter fractions:Kinetics and isotherms

Kinetics and isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil,base-extracted soil（BE）,humic acid（HA） and humin（HM） were investigated respectively to get better understanding on characteristics of the surfactant sorption onto different soil organic matters（SOMs）.It was demonstrated that the kinetics results could be satisfactorily described by the pseudo-second order model.The half of the time to reach equilibrium（t1/2） for different sorbents followed the sequence of soil 〉 HA 〉 BE 〉 HM.Furthermore,the calculated equilibrium sorption capacity（Ceq） was found in the sequence of HA 〉 BE 〉 HM 〉 soil,which agreed well with the experimental results.The isotherms of Triton X-100 sorption on soil and HA could be well described by the S-type isotherm,but BE and HM by the L-type.The isotherms of all the four sorbents were found reasonably fitted to the Langmuir equation.The Kd value,defined as the ratio of Triton X-100 in sorbent and in the equilibrium solution for given concentrations,generally followed the order of HM 〉 HA 〉 soil 〉 BE.Separated HM and HA showed high affnity for Triton X-100,but the HA and HM in soil and BE were tightly bounded by the minerals.Thus,the HA on the soil surface might dominate the sorption,whereas the bounded HM would play a key role upon the surfactants being penetrated inside the soil.

Sorption and desorption kinetics of phthalates and phenol on water/sediment interface

The sorption and desorption kinetics of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and phenol on water and sediment interface were studied using two compartment model in this paper. The results showed that the sorption coefficients of DMP, DEP, DBP and phenol measured by batch equilibrium method were 16.79, 24.55, 132 and 0.65μg 1-1/n · g -1 · ml -1/n , the sorption and desorption kinetic constants of DMP, DEP, DBP, phenol were 0.0248, 0.0357, 0.0727, 0.014ml·cm -2 ·h -1 and 0.000512, 0.000754, 0.00127, 0 000899h -1 at static condition respectively; and the sorption and desorption kinetics constants of above chemicals were 0 279, 0.382, 0.496, 0.0904ml·cm -2 ·h -1 and 0.0442, 0.0031, 0.00116, 0.00247h -1 at flow water condition respectively.

pH Effect on kinetics of Heavy Metal Sorption in Soils

The pH effect on the sorption kinetics of heavy metals in soils was studied using a Constant flow leaching method. The soil samples were red soil collected from Yingtan, Jiangxi, and yellow-browp soil from Nabing,Jiangsu. The heavy metals tested were zinc and cadmium.Assuming that the experimental data fitted to the following kinetic rate equation: 1/c dx/dt=kx∞-kx,the rate constant k of sorption could be determined from the slope of the straight line by plotting of 1/c.dx/dt vs. x. The results showed that the pH effect on the rate constants of heavy mental sorption in soils was very significant. The values of k decreased with inpeasing pH. The sorptions were more sensitive to pH in red soil than in yellow-brown soil.

Kinetics of Sorption of Pendimethalin on Soil Samples Obtained from the Banks of Rivers Katsina-Ala and Benue, Central Nigeria

Kinetics of the sorption of the herbicide, pendimethalin (3,4-Dimethyl-2,6-dinitro-N-pentan-3-yl-aniline) on four soil samples obtained from the banks of Rivers Benue and Katsina-Ala, in Central Nigeria was studied by contacting 5.0 g soil samples with 100 mL 7 × 10-6 M herbicide solution. The sorption was monitored by following the herbicide concentration in the aqueous phase spectrophotometrically at one hour intervals for 5 hours (at 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, 55°C and 65°C, respectively). Pseudo-first order kinetics treatment of the data showed that sorption rates as well as the accompanying activation energies were low, indicating that physical adsorption is the operative mechanism for its retention in the soils and that the herbicide tended to reside more in the aqueous phase, which raised its potential to contaminate natural water systems, when applied on the field.

Batch studies of adsorption of copper and lead on activated carbon from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. bark

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) prepared from Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. bark was tested for its adsorption capacity for Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ). The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pH, contact time, initial metal concentration, and temperature. The best adsorption of both Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) occurred at pH 5, where the adsorption reached equilibrium within 45 min for the whole range of initial heavy metal concentrations (0.1-10 mmol/L). The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-...

Study on sorption of D155 resin for gadolinium

The sorption behavior and mechanism of a Macroporous weak acid resin, （D155 resin,） for Gd（Ⅲ） were investigated. The statically saturated sorption capacity is 283 mg/g resin at 298 K in HAc-NaAc medium. The Gd（Ⅲ） adsorbed on macroporous weak acid resin, （D155 resin,） could be reductively eluted with the mixed solution of HCl and NaCl, and the elution percentage was as high as 100%. The resin could be regenerated and reused without remarkable decrease in sorption capacity. The apparent sorption rate constant was k298=1.98×10^5 s^-1. The apparent activation energy was Ea=2.78 kJ/mol. The sorption behavior of D155 resin for Gd（Ⅲ） obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic sorption parameters were △H=33.0 kJ/mol,△S=192 J/mol/K, and △G298=-24.3 kJ/mol. The sorption mechanism of D155 resin for Gd（Ⅲ） was examined by using chemical method and IR spectrometry. The coordination compound was formed between oxygen atoms in the functional group of D155 resin and Gd （Ⅲ）.

Strontium Adsorption from Sulfuric Acid Solution by Dowex 50W-X Resins

In this study,strontium adsorption from sulfuric acid solution by different Dowex 50W-X ion exchange resins was investigated.Among these resins,Dowex 50W-X8 resin showed the maximum sorption of strontium from the aqueous solutions.The effect of pH,contact time,mass of resin,temperature,and concentration of interfering ions on strontium adsorption were evaluated to determine the optimum conditions of strontium sorption process.The kinetic models of sorption were analyzed using pseudo-first and pseudo-second order models.The results indicated that the pseudo-second order kinetic model was more appropriate than the other one.Moreover,the data obtained in this study were fitted into several sorption isotherm models and it was found that the Langmuir sorption isotherm shows the best fitting to the experimental data.

Sorption Kinetic of Arsenate as Water Contaminant on Zero Valent Iron

This study investigates the sorption of arsenate from water using zero-valent iron ZVI as sorbent. Batch experiments were carried out to study the sorption kinetics of arsenate under different concentrations of arsenate varies from 0.5 to 200 mg/l. A kinetic model was considered to describe the arsenates sorption on ZVI material. The kinetics of the arsenate sorption processes were described by the Langmuir kinetic model. The sorption capacity increases with high initial concentration which obtained the maximum sorption 2.1 mg/g at 200 mg/l of arsenate initial concentration. The results show that the rapid initial sorption rates of arsenate were occurred at the beginning of experiments running time, followed by a slower removal that gradually approaches an equilibrium condition. The data from laboratory batch experiments were used to verify the simulation results of the kinetic model resulting in good agreement between measured and modeled results. The results indicate that ZVI could be employed as sorbent materials to enhance the sorption processes and increase the removal rate of arsenate from water.

Sorption of Gadolinium (III) Ions by a Natural Clinoptilolite-Containing Tuff

The equilibrium and kinetics of sorption of gadolinium (III) ions from sulfate solutions by a natural clinoptilolite containing tuff are studied. It is shown that gadolinium is completely extracted from dilute solutions (0.002 M). The kinetic parameters of the sorption process are determined.

Modeling of Adsorption of Bi(III) from Nitrate Medium by Impregnated Resin D2EHPA/XAD-1180

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in acetone was supported on the Amberlite XAD-1180 polystyrene divinylbenzene copolymer resin. The use of XAD-1180 impregnated with D2EHPA for the extraction of bismuth(III) from nitrate medium was carried out using batch technique. Various parameters affecting the uptake of this metal ion were described in the previous paper (Belkhouche and Didi, 2010) and the capacity of the impregnated resin for bismuth(III) was found to be 490.7 mg/g of resin. Effect of temperature on the values of distribution equilibrium was studied to evaluate the changes in standard thermodynamic quantities. A comparison of Langmuir forms I, II and Freundlich sorption isotherms was realized and the kinetic models applied to the adsorption rate data were evaluated for Lagergren first order, the pseudo second order and Morris–Weber models. From the results, the adsorption of Bi(III) onto D2EHPA/XAD-1180 resin shown the exothermic character and followed the Langmuir form II isotherm. Thus, the capacity of monolayer adsorption of Bi(III) was equal to 769.23 mg/g of resin. Both the Lagergren pseudo first order and film-diffusion models were found to best describe the experimental rate data.

SYNTHESIS OF SILICAS-SUPPORTED POLYETHYLENEIMINE AND ITS ADSORPTION PROPERTIES

Abstracts . In this paper, a silicas-supportedpolyethyleneimine resin is synthesized and its adsorption proper-ties are studied. Its selectivity of sorbing heavy metal ion will vary considerably as the pH value of solution varies. In hy-drochloric acid,the resin only sorbs Au(Ⅱ). This suggests that the resin is applicable to the separation of copper (Ⅱ) or gold (Ⅲ).

分形界面吸附行为初探

煤层气吸附解吸机理研究是揭示煤层气成藏机理及高效开发煤层气的基础。已有研究表明,煤储层孔隙结构非常复杂且具有分形特征,煤层气在孔-固界面的吸附行为明显受到煤孔隙结构特征的影响。对比分析几种常用气-固界面上的吸附模型,总结这些模型的特点和适用条件,指出当前吸附模型在分形界面吸附行为的描述和应用上均未摆脱吸附选择性的平稳假设,尚未考虑吸附厚度的尺度不变特征。而分形拓扑理论可以有效标定分形对象的尺度不变属性,为分形界面的等效表征提供了理论支撑。因此,结合上述模型对气-固界面吸附行为的描述,借助分形拓扑理论提出煤储层孔-固界面上分形吸附行为的相关假设及其控制机理,构建基于吸附拓扑的单层吸附模型。在此基础上,通过设置不同的吸附拓扑参数组合获取其等温吸附曲线,分析得出,随着吸附压力的升高,吸附覆盖率表现出指数、线性和对数3种不同的增长趋势,而吸附热表现为对数减小趋势。结果显示,不同的吸附拓扑参数组合会得到不同类型的等温吸附曲线,在一定程度上弥补了Langmuir方程只能描述单一类型等温吸附线的不足。为了验证吸附模型的适用性,结合沁水盆地武乡区块富有机质泥页岩的液氮吸附实验数据,对比了实际等温吸附曲线与模拟吸附曲线的差异。结果表明,通过调整各吸附拓扑参数之间的组合关系,可以使等温吸附模拟曲线与实际吸附曲线的趋势始终保持一致。最后,探讨了吸附解吸机理的研究方向,类比电子层提出了吸附层的概念,指出发展分形动力学描述模型是解释煤层气吸附解吸规律的关键。

再生角蛋白凝胶对纺织退浆废水中浆料分子的吸附性能

为实现废弃角蛋白纤维资源的高值化循环利用,在采用“还原预处理-甲酸”溶解法获取角蛋白多肽并引入α-硫辛酸进行化学改性基础上,制备再生凝胶材料用于纺织退浆废水中浆料分子的吸附处理。借助扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱等测试技术对角蛋白凝胶的结构和性能进行表征。针对聚乙烯醇(PVA)和淀粉2种浆料,探究凝胶对不同浆料分子的吸附规律及机制。结果表明:角蛋白凝胶具有均匀的三维孔隙结构,其化学组成和官能团结构与原纤维基本一致,且结晶程度较高;该凝胶对溶液体系中PVA分子的吸附量和去除率分别为16.278 mg/g和30.013%,对淀粉浆料则可达到133.234 mg/g和28.868%;此外,吸附动力学和热力学研究显示,角蛋白凝胶对2种浆料的吸附规律均符合准二级动力学模型,其中对PVA分子主要为物理吸附作用,而对淀粉则可能存在化学吸附效果。

高稳定磺酸化三维共价有机框架材料的设计构筑及其对U(Ⅵ)的吸附

从废水中分离回收U(Ⅵ)对放射性环境治理以及核工业发展具有重要意义。随着共价有机框架材料(COFs)的不断发展,越来越多的COFs材料被用于放射性核素的吸附分离。然而对于三维共价有机框架材料(3D-COFs)而言,由于分子构筑单元及拓扑连接方式有限,使得其在性能和应用上受到诸多限制。本工作运用键转化与后接枝相结合的方法,制备一种基于胺键的磺酸功能化3D-COF材料(COF-320-H_(2)SO_(3))用于水溶液中U(Ⅵ)的吸附去除。通过多种表征手段对其结构和性质进行了表征,并系统研究了COF-320-H_(2)SO_(3)对U(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。研究结果表明:亚胺键向胺键的转化显著提升了COFs材料的化学稳定性,同时具有亲水性和强配位能力的磺酸基的引入使材料对U(Ⅵ)吸附能力明显增强,即使在3 mol/L的HNO3条件下,对U(Ⅵ)的吸附容量仍保持在40 mg/g以上。本工作进一步展示了COFs材料特别是3D-COFs材料在分离放射性金属离子方面所展现的潜在应用价值。

非平衡条件下金属氯化物-氨工质对的吸附动力学研究

金属氯化物-氨是化学吸附式制冷和储热的常用工质对,其现有的动力学模型存在复杂或动力学参数变化无规律的问题,也不能准确地独立描述多反应阶段的吸附过程。以MnCl_(2)/NH3和CaCl_(2)/NH_(3)为代表工作对,针对0.29、0.42和0.61 MPa的反应压力,进行吸附/解吸性能测试,在类比模型基础上耦合Sigmond函数,建立考虑压力势(μ)、反应速率常数(k)和反应滞后常数(n)的吸附量型动力学模型。鲁棒性测试结果表明:针对不同氯化物、不同反应阶段(Ca_(2-4-2)和Ca_(4-8-4))和不同反应方向(吸附和解吸)所建立的非平衡动力学模型的拟合曲线与实验数据点吻合度较高,拟合优度R2均高于0.97;模型参数随工况呈规律变化,同一反应压力下k与吸附温度负相关,与解吸温度正相关,|n|与解吸温度负相关。

基于IQS/MC方法的ADS次临界反应堆中子时空动力学模拟分析

采用改进准静态近似与蒙特卡罗中子输运程序相结合(IQS/MC)的方法实现了加速器驱动的次临界系统(ADS)中子时空动力学模拟计算。以加速器驱动嬗变研究装置的靶堆耦合参考方案物理模型为例,通过对束流瞬变引入和燃料组件提升两种工况进行动态模拟,计算得到了堆芯总的相对功率、分能群相对中子注量率及相对功率三维网格分布随时间的变化。将IQS/MC方法计算结果与点堆计算结果进行了对比分析,模拟结果符合物理规律,两种方法对比结果与国外相关文献一致,表明IQS/MC方法适用于ADS次临界反应堆中子时空动力学过程的瞬态安全分析。

生物质热解动力学模型研究进展

生物质是地球上最丰富的可再生碳资源之一,在实现“双碳”战略目标方面扮演着重要作用。生物质热解是一项极具前景的生物质利用技术,其中热解形成的生物油有望取代传统化石能源,用于生产高值燃料或化学品。然而,生物质热解是一个十分复杂的过程,该过程及热解产物分布受诸多因素影响。因此,发展生物质热解动力学模型对指导热解工艺生产十分重要。动力学模型的研究不仅可以揭示热解过程中所涉及的物理化学变化,还可以预测热解反应速率及主要产物分布。早期构建的全局动力学模型为热解机理的理解与更详细模型的发展奠定了基础。随着生物质热解的主要研究目标由最大化生物油产量转变为最大化高附加值化学品产量,包含更多热解机理信息和可预测更多单个产物产率的半详细和详细动力学模型开始出现。主要介绍了生物质热解动力学模型的研究现状,将动力学模型分为全局模型、半详细模型和详细模型,并对未来生物质热解动力学研究及详细模型的发展进行了展望。