An Adaptive Control Strategy for Energy Storage Interface Converter Based on Analogous Virtual Synchronous Generator

In the DC microgrid,the lack of inertia and damping in power electronic converters results in poor stability of DC bus voltage and low inertia of the DC microgrid during fluctuations in load and photovoltaic power.To address this issue,the application of a virtual synchronous generator(VSG)in grid-connected inverters control is referenced and proposes a control strategy called the analogous virtual synchronous generator(AVSG)control strategy for the interface DC/DC converter of the battery in the microgrid.Besides,a flexible parameter adaptive control method is introduced to further enhance the inertial behavior of the AVSG control.Firstly,a theoretical analysis is conducted on the various components of the DC microgrid,the structure of analogous virtual synchronous generator,and the control structure’s main parameters related to the DC microgrid’s inertial behavior.Secondly,the voltage change rate tracking coefficient is introduced to adjust the change of the virtual capacitance and damping coefficient flexibility,which further strengthens the inertia trend of the DC microgrid.Additionally,a small-signal modeling approach is used to analyze the approximate range of the AVSG’s main parameters ensuring system stability.Finally,conduct a simulation analysis by building the model of the DC microgrid system with photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage(BES)in MATLAB/Simulink.Simulation results from different scenarios have verified that the AVSG control introduces fixed inertia and damping into the droop control of the battery,resulting in a certain level of inertia enhancement.Furthermore,the additional adaptive control strategy built upon the AVSG control provides better and flexible inertial support for the DC microgrid,further enhances the stability of the DC bus voltage,and has a more positive impact on the battery performance.

Adaptive Angular Velocity Tracking Control of Spacecraft with Dynamic Uncertainties

The tracking of orientation and angular velocity is a primary attitude control task for an on-orbit spacecraft.The problem for a rigid spacecraft tracking a desired angular velocity profile is addressed using an adaptive feedback control.An angular velocity feedback tracking algorithm is firstly developed based on the precisely known attitude dynamics of the spacecraft,and the global tracking of the control algorithm is proved based on the Lyapunov analysis.An adaptation mechanism is then designed to deal with the dynamic uncertainties of the spacecraft.Such an adaptation mechanism enables the controller to track any desired angular velocity trajectories even in the presence of uncertain inertia parameters,although it does not guarantee the inertia tensor being precisely identified.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control policy,computer simulations on dynamic equations of a spacecraft are conducted and their results are discussed.

Analysis and active control of low frequency booming noise in car

For Lightweight body,sound radiation and sound insulation performance have negative effects on interior noise by the deterioration of local stiffness and modality.So the research on the active control of vibration and noise for car body panels is useful for engineering.Analysis and active control of booming noise in car is researched by using a new active damping vibration reduction technology named smart constrained layer damping(SCLD).According to the vibration characters of body roof,an optimal placement of actuators is distributed.Based on dSPACE hardware in loop environment,an adaptive active control system is designed.Selecting vibration signals of engine mounting point as the reference input of adaptive controller,an active control experiment of booming noise for mini-car is carried out.Experimental results show that,when the engine speed is at 3700 RPM and4250RPM,the interior booming noise decreases 4.2dB(A),and 3.5dB(A) separately.It proposes new methods and techniques for intelligent control of car body NVH in the future.

Design of Power System Stabilizer for DFIG-based Wind Energy Integrated Power Systems Under Combined Influence of PLL and Virtual Inertia Controller

Wind energy systems (WESs) based on doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) have enormous potential for meeting the future demands related to clean energy. Due to the low inertia and intermittency of power injection, a WES is equipped with a virtual inertial controller (VIC) to support the system during a frequency deviation event. The frequency deviation measured by a phase locked loop (PLL) installed on a point of common coupling (PCC) bus is the input signal to the VIC. However, a VIC with an improper inertial gain could deteriorate the damping of the power system, which may lead to instability. To address this issue, a mathematical formulation for calculating the synchronizing and damping torque coefficients of a WES-integrated single-machine infinite bus (SMIB) system while considering PLL and VIC dynamics is proposed in this paper. In addition, a power system stabilizer (PSS) is designed for wind energy integrated power systems to enhance electromechanical oscillation damping. A small-signal stability assessment is performed using the infinite bus connected to a synchronous generator of higher-order dynamics integrated with a VIC-equipped WES. Finally, the performance and robustness of the proposed PSS is demonstrated through time-domain simulation in SMIB and nine-bus test systems integrated with WES under several case studies.

Wide-Area Delay-Dependent Adaptive Supervisory Control of Multi-machine Power System Based on Improve Free Weighting Matrix Approach

The paper demonstrates the possibility to enhance the damping of inter-area oscillations using Wide Area Measurement (WAM) based adaptive supervisory controller (ASC) which considers the wide-area signal transmission delays. The paper uses an LMI-based iterative nonlinear optimization algorithm to establish a method of designing state-feedback controllers for power systems with a time-varying delay. This method is based on the delay-dependent stabilization conditions obtained by the improved free weighting matrix (IFWM) approach. In the stabilization conditions, the upper bound of feedback signal’s transmission delays is taken into consideration. Combining theoriesof state feedback control and state observer, the ASC is designed and time-delay output feedback robust controller is realized for power system. The ASC uses the input information from Phase Measurement Units (PMUs) in the system and dispatches supplementary control signals to the available local controllers. The design of the ASC is explained in detail and its performance validated by time domain simulations on a New England test power system (NETPS).

Study on rate ripple and its adaptive suppression method in inertia guidance test equipment

This paper discusses causes of the rate ripple in inertia guidance test equipment IGET, systematically analyses their effects an the rate ripple in IGTE. The analysis result shows： The rate ripple caused by the periodic errors of inductosyn and angular encoder is higher at high speed than that caused by magnetic ripple torque and friction torque, and it cannot be eliminated by adjusting control parameters of the system. And based on the nonlinear adaptive control system theory, the paper puts forward a new control system scheme to eliminate the rate ripple caused by the periodic errors of inductosyn and angular encoder, develops the adaptive control rules and makes simulation and test. Experimental result shows a significant improvement on those tables for the period disturbs under the system scheme designed. By this plan, with the input of rate 200°/s, the rate ripple falls from 5°/s to 0. 4°/s within about 6s adaptive adjustment time, being a twelfth of before adaptation, which can not be reached by common classical controls. The experimental results conform with the simulation, which proves the validity and practicability of the plan.

Adaptive base-isolation of civil structures using variable amplification

Semi-active dampers are used in base-isolation to reduce the seismic response of civil engineering structures. In the present study, a new semi-active damping system using variable amplification will be investigated for adaptive baseisolation. It uses a novel variable amplification device （VAD） connected in series with a passive damper. The VAD is capable of producing multiple amplification factors, each corresponding to a different amplification state. Forces from the damper are amplified to the structure according to the current amplification state, which is selected via a semi-active control algorithm specifically tailored to the system＇s tmique damping characteristics. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the VAD-damper system for adaptive base-isolation, numerical simulations are conducted for three and seven-story base-isolated buildings subject to both far and near-field ground motions. The results indicate that the system can achieve significant reductions in response compared to the base-isolated buildings with no damper. The proposed system is also found to perform well compared to a typical semi-active damper.

Sliding Mode Control of Vibration in Single-Degree-of-Freedom Exponentially Damped Oscillator

The purpose is to design the control method for a single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF)exponentially damped oscillator.Based on the Lyapunov stability theory,sliding mode control and adaptive sliding mode control have been proposed.Sliding control laws and adaptive sliding laws are designed for exponentially damped oscillator respectively in cases that the bound of the external exciting force is known or unknown.The viability and effectiveness of the above control designs have been validated by numerical simulations.

Adaptive controller design based on input-output signal selection for voltage source converter high voltage direct current systems to improve power system stability

An input-output signal selection based on Phillips-Heffron model of a parallel high voltage alternative current/high voltage direct current(HVAC/HVDC) power system is presented to study power system stability. It is well known that appropriate coupling of inputs-outputs signals in the multivariable HVDC-HVAC system can improve the performance of designed supplemetary controller. In this work, different analysis techniques are used to measure controllability and observability of electromechanical oscillation mode. Also inputs–outputs interactions are considered and suggestions are drawn to select the best signal pair through the system inputs-outputs. In addition, a supplementary online adaptive controller for nonlinear HVDC to damp low frequency oscillations in a weakly connected system is proposed. The results obtained using MATLAB software show that the best output-input for damping controller design is rotor speed deviation as out put and phase angle of rectifier as in put. Also response of system equipped with adaptive damping controller based on HVDC system has appropriate performance when it is faced with faults and disturbance.

基于功率微分项的双VSG有功功率振荡抑制策略

针对虚拟同步发电机(VSG)双机并联运行时产生的有功功率振荡问题,通过建立双VSG系统的小信号模型,分析了有功功率振荡产生的机理,提出一种基于改进虚拟阻抗的瞬态功率均分策略和一种基于功率微分项的自适应惯量和阻尼的功率振荡抑制策略,将有功功率微分项与角加速度结合起来实现惯量的自适应调节,同时将有功功率微分项引入阻尼控制环节以替代传统的阻尼项,实现阻尼的自适应调节。所提出的策略可以使动态时VSG之间的角频率差更快速地趋近于零,从而减小有功功率振荡的超调,改善频率动态响应性能。搭建了VSG并联的仿真模型,仿真结果表明:所提改进控制策略可以使瞬态时实现有功均分,使动态时的有功功率振荡超调减小41%,振荡过程减小了1秒。

基于虚拟同步机的风-光-储并网系统自适应功频控制策略

风-光-储系统通过虚拟同步发电机(virtual synchronous generator,VSG)并网时,其运行工况变化将引起系统功频波动。针对这一问题,提出一种VSG自适应惯量阻尼功频控制策略。首先,建立VSG的数学模型及功率小信号模型,分析虚拟参数变化对系统稳定性的影响;然后,依据系统受扰时的功角曲线分析惯量阻尼的动态特性,设计了一种分段线性调整函数,并给出参数选取原则;最后,在Matlab/simulink平台中搭建仿真模型验证。结果表明,在工况变化情况下,采用VSG自适应控制的风光储并网系统功频响应得到了改善,相比传统VSG控制具有更好的动态调节性能。

风电机组自适应步进惯量控制策略

若风电机组参与调频时采用步进惯量控制(stepwise inertial control,SIC)策略,其退出调频时有功快速下降可能会引发系统频率二次跌落(frequency second drop,FSD)问题。已有文献中一类改进的SIC策略通过减小风电机组退出调频后有功下降阶段的斜率来应对FSD问题,然而该类改进的SIC策略使得风电机组在退出调频后其有功需要一段时间才会小于风能捕获,在此期间转子转速会继续下降并有可能低于转速下限,危及风电机组运行安全。文章对这一类改进的SIC策略做了进一步完善,提出了一种风电机组自适应SIC策略,根据风电机组退出调频时的转子转速自适应设置风电机组退出调频后有功下降阶段的斜率,在确保风电机组退出调频后转子转速不会低于转速下限的前提下,最小化FSD的幅度。

风电并网的电压稳定性分析与研究

风能作为一种无污染的清洁能源,近些年一直受到世界各国的青睐。但随着大规模的风电场并入电网,风能的随机性和间歇性也给电网的稳定性带来了冲击,因此,研究风电并网的电压稳定性对风电并网的安全运行有着非常重要的意义。本文以双馈异步发电机为例,通过MATLAB仿真,研究虚拟惯量控制、阻尼控制对电压频率稳定性的影响。

基于改进灰狼算法的VSG参数自适应控制策略

由于传统的虚拟同步发电机(Virtual synchronous generator,VSG)转动惯量和阻尼系数固定不变,在电网受到扰动时,系统的功率和频率输出会发生振荡,使系统失去了一定的动态调节性能。为了解决该问题,提出一种基于改进灰狼算法VSG参数自适应控制策略。根据VSG系统受到扰动时角速度变化率对转动惯量和阻尼系数变化影响,建立了参数自适应控制函数。在系统稳定条件下,利用改进灰狼算法对虚拟同步发电机参数选择初始值,使系统的有功功率和频率输出具有更好的动态性能,提高系统的稳定性。最后通过仿真对比现有的其他控制策略,验证所提策略的有效性和优越性。

一种虚拟同步发电机自适应阻尼补偿方法

针对系统电感对虚拟同步发电机控制系统存在等效负阻尼效应的问题,提出了一种自适应阻尼补偿方法。首先,基于虚拟同步发电机控制技术,通过dq变换和小信号分析建立系统的动态电磁方程和动态小信号模型。然后利用电磁转矩偏差分解出同步力矩系数和等效阻尼系数。最后根据等效负阻尼的产生机制,在有功-频率调节器中加入以系统频率、虚拟阻抗为自适应控制变量的阻尼补偿模块,实现对虚拟同步发电机阻尼的自适应补偿。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真,并与基于传统的虚拟同步发电机控制方法及基于虚拟阻抗补偿方法等方法所获得的结果进行比较,表明文章所提出的自适应阻尼补偿方法具有更强的稳定性和更快的响应速度,验证了方法的有效性。

神经网络阻尼比模型及工业机器人导纳控制

在工业机器人打磨过程中,环境刚度随未知环境的变化,将对力控制精度产生不利的影响,针对环境刚度变化的问题,该文提出一种基于神经网络阻尼比模型的自适应导纳控制方法。在导纳控制设计中,根据力误差与系统阻尼比之间的机理关系,设计激励函数,构造神经网络阻尼比模型;通过该模型使阻尼比在线调整,适应末端环境的刚度变化,实现力到位置自适应转换的导纳控制。与常规导纳控制进行仿真比较,结果表明所提出的力控制策略力误差更小,响应速度更快,能适应变刚度的未知打磨环境。

An Optimal Coordination Control Strategy of Micro-Grid Inverter and Energy Storage Based on Variable Virtual Inertia and Damping of VSG

The virtual inertia and virtual damping affect both the dynamic stability of the virtual synchronous generator(VSG)and the configuration of energy storage,but there is a conflict between them while selecting the virtual inertia and virtual damping.An optimal coordination control strategy of micro-grid inverter and energy storage based on variable virtual inertia and damping is proposed to mitigate this conflict.With the integrated optimal constraint of the VSG frequency variation and the energy storage capacity,the virtual inertia and damping of VSG are configured dynamically,adopting linear quadratic optimal control.It can suppress the oscillations of the active power and frequency to improve the stability of VSG and optimally configure the energy storage capacity of VSG simultaneously.The proposed strategy aims to improve the control performance of micro-grid inverter and the system economy.The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the strategy.

基于改进粒子群算法的阻尼惯量自适应控制策略

针对传统虚拟同步发电机控制策略存在暂态调节时间长及稳定性差等问题,提出一种基于改进粒子群算法的阻尼惯量自适应控制策略。首先,通过分析系统受扰动后功角特性,提出阻尼惯量自适应控制策略;然后,利用改进粒子群算法选择控制策略初始值,给出关键参数的选取原则及具体范围;最后,通过与现有控制策略进行对比,分析不同惯量及阻尼下对系统影响并验证控制策略的优越性。结果表明,该策略可有效提高系统稳定性及动态响应性能。

惯量阻尼自适应虚拟直流发电机控制策略

直流微网无需考虑频率、相位等因素,拓扑结构简单且易于控制,但基于大量电力电子变换器接口的直流微网惯性较低,严重时会影响微网的安全稳定运行。针对此问题,文中通过分析扰动时电压波动各阶段系统对惯性的需求,以及惯量阻尼参数对系统惯性的影响,提出了一种附加动态调节系数的惯量阻尼自适应控制策略,可以根据电压变化率与电压偏差灵活调节系统惯性,减小功率波动对母线电压的影响。建立了系统小信号模型,利用阻抗比判据分析了惯量阻尼参数的小信号稳定性。最后利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件建立了直流微网仿真模型进行分析,验证了控制策略的有效性。

双馈风电场抑制次同步振荡的自适应增强阻尼控制方法

针对双馈风电场接入电网的次同步振荡问题,提出一种自适应增强阻尼控制策略。首先,基于无模型自适应理论设计一种双馈风电机组d、q轴阻尼联合控制方法,并给出控制参数优化方法。其次,将该无模型自适应阻尼控制方法与传统次同步阻尼控制方法相结合,得到一种自适应增强阻尼策略。最后,基于IEEE 39节点改造模型,验证该自适应增强阻尼控制策略的有效性和优越性。多机等值模型算例表明,该自适应增强阻尼控制策略对多机风电系统具有良好的适应性。该自适应增强阻尼控制策略可显著提升次同步振荡控制性能,对工况变化具有良好的适应性,可弥补传统次同步阻尼控制的不足,体现出较强的工程应用潜力。