基于ADE优化的IPMSM全速域无传感器控制

为了实现内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)全速域的无传感器控制和切换速域的平滑过渡,提出了一种基于自适应差分进化(ADE)算法优化的复合控制方法。分别在零低速域、中高速域采用旋转高频电压注入法和滑模观测器法来对电机转速和转子位置进行估算,并在切换速域采用基于ADE算法的权重系数优化法来实现上述两种控制方法的平滑切换,从而实现IPMSM全速域无传感器控制。仿真结果表明:提出的复合控制方法能够实现电机全速域的无感控制和切换速域的平滑过渡,且具有良好的稳定性。

Ad Hoc中的TCP改进方案——Adaptive ADTCP

在分析无线自组网特点及其对TCP性能影响的基础上,提出了一种能够自适应无线自组网状态的TCP改进方案(Adaptive ADTCP)。Adaptive ADTCP在明确辨识网络状态的前提下,首先根据前向路径跳数自适应地调整拥塞窗口增长因子,限制源节点TCP拥塞窗口过分增长,避免造成网络拥塞;同时源节点TCP根据当前拥塞窗口自适应改变发送的分组长度,充分利用网络资源。仿真实验表明,在网络重负载和节点高速移动情况下,Adaptive ADTCP对数据传输的吞吐量有较大提升。

An Improved Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control(CACC) Algorithm Considering Invalid Communication

For the Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control （CACC） Algorithm, existing research studies mainly focus on how inter-vehicle communication can be used to develop CACC controller, the influence of the communication delays and lags of the actuators to the string stability. However, whether the string stability can be guaranteed when inter-vehicle communication is invalid partially has hardly been considered. This paper presents an improved CACC algorithm based on the sliding mode control theory and analyses the range of CACC controller parameters to maintain string stability. A dynamic model of vehicle spacing deviation in a platoon is then established, and the string stability conditions under improved CACC are analyzed. Unlike the traditional CACC algorithms, the proposed algorithm can ensure the functionality of the CACC system even if inter-vehicle communication is partially invalid. Finally, this paper establishes a platoon of five vehicles to simulate the improved CACC algorithm in MATLAB/Simulink, and the simulation results demonstrate that the improved CACC algorithm can maintain the string stability of a CACC platoon through adjusting the controller parameters and enlarging the spacing to prevent accidents. With guaranteed string stability, the proposed CACC algorithm can prevent oscillation of vehicle spacing and reduce chain collision accidents under real-world circumstances. This research proposes an improved CACC algorithm, which can guarantee the string stability when inter-vehicle communication is invalid.

Adaptive Practical Output Tracking Control for High-order Nonlinear Uncertain Systems

追踪控制的适应实际输出的问题为高顺序的非线性的不明确的系统的一个类被学习，它在未知控制系数的更低的界限确切被知道的假设下面被调查了。基于新柔韧的适应控制和连续稳定的想法，这个假设成功地被移开。借助于增加一个力量综合者，一条系统的途径被开发构造追踪控制器的连续适应实际产量，它保证靠近环的系统的所有状态是全球性稳定的，当追踪的错误能被任何给定的正数在一有限时间以后围住时。最后，一个模拟例子被给说明理论结果的正确性。

A RELIABILITY ENHANCED DENSITY ADAPTIVE DATA DISSEMINATION SCHEME FOR VANETS

In this paper,a reliability enhanced and density adaptive data disseminating scheme is proposed for Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks(VANETs).The distributed on demand inquiring and responding mechanism is employed to get nodes' connectivity information.The announcing-listening process is also designed to find the nodes with bigger additional degree to rebroadcast,by which the relaying node is selected freely from density's influence.Simultaneously,a reliability parameter is designed to choose redundant relays for each hop.According to the importance of the broadcast,the parameter is set by the source node properly.Simulation results show that the scheme has achieved good performances such as low forwarding ratio,short latency and low load.The broadcast coverage ratio is ensured against the influence of key link errors and relaying nodes failure by paying suitable additional communication.

Beyond the Façades in Tehran:When Tradition Meets Innovation

Over time,the traditional house in central Iran,which Tehran geographically belongs to,has undergone deep physical and morphological changes as a result of technological,social and economic transformations,passing from the characteristics of an introverted house enclosed by walls overlooking an inner courtyard to the multi-storey condominium with an extroverted outlook.Here the façade becomes a key element:it is a threshold between urban and private,outdoor and indoor.The article shows a mosaic of patterns and materials of the new mid-rise residential building façades via photographs and diagrams to emphasize the strict connection between contemporary design and local tradition.

The Development of a Smart Mobile App for Building Façade Defects Inspections

The manual visual inspections of façade building defects are posing a high and increasing cost for building asset managers,particularly when inspections delay projects or require asset outages,visits to decommissioned sites or work within hazardous environments.This paper reports on the development,testing and delivery of a working mobile app prototype to facilitate the inspections and documentation of building facade condition monitoring.The work presented builds upon the development of an online platform for remote building inspection based on the integration of methodologies and tools,including VR(virtual reality),and digital photogrammetry to collect real-time data that support automated decision making.The mobile app:(i)allows the user to import 3D models and 2D building plans;(ii)provides the means of first-person exploration of models via a VR headset;and(iii)captures,records and catalogues images of façade defect types,and the date and time.An inspection case study was used to demonstrate and evaluate the mobile app prototype.The Building Inspector app allows building professionals to manage inspections and to track past and ongoing monitoring of the condition of building façades.

Solutions for the Rehabilitation of Historical Building Facades with Local Materials

The present research aims to identify the possibilities of rehabilitation of building facades in the centre of Chisinau, through the use of high-performance materials, use of high-performance technologies in execution, reduction of facade renovation costs, etc. In the process of organising the rehabilitation works of historical buildings of architectural value, we are dealing with the following: the value of the rehabilitation works of a historical building is very high, the duration of the rehabilitation is important, the attitude of the society is insufficient, the lack of strategies for the rehabilitation of buildings at the municipality level. In order to achieve this objective, we propose to research the following tasks: definition of the concept of rehabilitation of buildings in the Historic Centre of Chisinau;legislative, normative assurance of rehabilitation of historical heritage in the Republic of Moldova;analysis of the situation in Chisinau on the example of historical buildings with limestone finishes and examination by non-destructive methods of facades;solutions for rehabilitation of facades of historical buildings by comparing two types of technologies. In conclusion, emphasis will be placed on the choice of the most efficient method in terms of material, technology and cost.

基于强化学习的FANET自适应MAC协议

针对预设的单一媒体接入控制(MAC)协议难以满足飞行自组织网络(FANET)多样化业务需求的问题,提出一种基于Q Learning的FANET自适应MAC协议(FQL-AMAC)。使用两种基准协议联合控制,根据当前网络条件自动选择并切换至服务质量(QoS)显著的MAC协议。优化单个网络性能指标实现QoS局部最优,采用熵值法融合吞吐量、延迟并提出综合性能指标构建奖励函数,以趋近QoS全局最优。实验结果表明,FQL-AMAC能有效选择最佳协议运行,吞吐量、延迟和综合性能表现优于现有协议。

Applying Double Skin Facade with ETFE Membrane Assembly for Energy Saving and Acoustic Protection for the Building of the Czech Institute of Informatics,Robotics and Cybernetics in Prague

Multidisciplinary, integrated planning approach by architects, engineers, scientists and manufacturers to reduce energy consumption of buildings. The CIIRC Complex, located on the main campus of Czech Technical University in Prague consists of two buildings, newly constructed building and adaptive reuse of existing building. CIIRC—Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics and Cybernetics is a contemporary teaching facility of new generation and use for scientific research teams. New building has ten above-ground floors, on the bottom 4 floors of laboratories, scientist modules, classrooms, above are offices, meeting rooms, teaching and research modules for professors and students. Offices of the rector are on the last two floors of the building. On the top floor is congress type auditorium, in the basement is fully automatic car park. Double skin pneumatic cushions facade. In the project are introduced series of architectural and technical features and innovations. Probably the most visible is the double skin facade facing south-transparent double layer membrane ETFE (Ethylen-TetraFluorEthylen) cushions with triple glazed modular system assembly. Acting as solar collector, recuperating of hot air on the top floors, saving up to 30% of an energy consumption.

基于ADE-WNN的水电机组振动故障诊断方法

水电机组振动特征和故障类型之间存在复杂的非线性关系,结合小波神经网络和自适应差分进化法,提出一种新型水电机组振动故障诊断方法。该算法具有进化计算和群体智能的特点,能够根据个体的状态自适应调节交叉概率因子和缩放因子;自适应差分进化算法应用于小波神经网络的参数搜索中,加快了小波神经网络的训练速度,提高了网络训练精度。实验结果表明:该方法比传统的基于BP神经网络和小波神经网络的故障诊断方法,具有更高的准确度和更快的诊断速度。

The effects of cool materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption at the residential neighborhood scale

Building surface cool materials are novel materials that can reduce urban heat island intensity and decrease building energy consumption.This study investigated the impact of radiative properties of materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption in six typical residential neighborhoods in Nanjing,China.The neighborhood energy consumption of 16 application schemes considering the façade orientation factor is compared to determine the best energy-saving scheme.Seasonal and annual energy-saving rates,savings in electricity costs,and the price ceiling for materials per unit area are analyzed.The results show that for low-rise buildings,using cool materials only on the roof can reduce the annual energy consumption by 1%.When cool or super cool materials are also used on the building façade,the annual energy saving rate can be up to 3.4%and 4.3%,respectively.Using cool materials on the south façade of buildings is not recommended due to significant heat loss in winter.Considering savings in electricity costs and the price ceiling for materials per unit area,the price of cool and super cool materials should be less than 3.0 and 3.7 RMB/m2,respectively,assuming a lifespan of eight years in Nanjing.

Experiment and simulation to determine the optimum orientation of building-integrated photovoltaic on tropical building façades considering annual daylight performance and energy yield

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic(BIPV)on vertical façades is a potential PV application in today’s buildings.The performance of BIPV on façades is significantly influenced by the façade orientation.For tropical cities,the optimum façade orientation,in terms of maximum energy yield and daylight performance,cannot be simply determined,due to relatively symmetrical sun path throughout the day.This study therefore aims to determine the optimum orientation for BIPV on tropical building façades.To achieve the objective,experiment,modelling,and computational simulation are conducted to evaluate the BIPV energy yield and to predict the indoor daylight performance in a scale-model building with a 105Wp monocrystalline silicon PV,facing each cardinal orienta-tion in Bandung,Indonesia.The South orientation yields practically zero ASE_(1000,250),providing the best annual daylight performance,and yielding the most desirable value in four out of five daylight metrics.The greatest annual energy yield is at the North orientation,providing 179-186 kWh(95%prediction interval)per year,but with larger uncertainty compared to that at the South,due to direct sunlight occurrence.Based on three different objective functions,the South orientation is considered optimum for placing the BIPV panel on the prototype façade in the location.

基于弹性FA算法的混凝土罐车自适应液压驱动优化控制

混凝土罐车在行驶过程中罐内流体晃动引起的非轴对称问题受到复杂路面对车辆的激励影响,使得流体晃动与车身动态出现耦合。传统的液压驱动比例积分微分(PID)控制方法在应对此类问题时效果欠佳,容易导致倾覆等事故的发生。为提升液压驱动控制系统的精度和稳定性,该文提出了基于弹性萤火虫(FA)算法的优化粒子滤波器PID自适应控制方法,加速控制参数优化的收敛速度,并分析其液压驱动控制特点和结构上的应用。结果表明:提出的自适应控制方法与传统PID控制相比,能够显著降低液压驱动控制平均速度误差至0.06 km/h,最大速度误差降至0.29 km/h,同时还提高了控制跟踪性能和稳定性,对混凝土罐车液压驱动控制优化的实际应用具有重要的参考价值。

广义模糊熵图像阈值分割参数选取的ADE方法

针对广义模糊熵图像阈值分割参数不能自动选取,提出自适应差分进化(Adaptive Differential Evolution,ADE)的广义模糊熵图像阈值分割方法。利用自适应差分进化算法作为优化工具来选取广义模糊熵阈值分割所需要的最佳参数,引入自适应变异算子和提出交叉概率自适应函数对优化过程进行控制,通过把参数带入广义模糊熵的补函数得到图像的阈值,进而得到图像最优分割。为验证其有效性与可行性,分别同基本图像质量评价准则的模糊熵图像阈值分割算法和粒子群优化广义模糊熵图像阈值分割算法相比较,实验表明,针对不同细节的图片,该算法所得分割结果多数情况下背景信息更少,目标信息更清晰,用时更短,分割更稳定且效果良好。

面向任务的无人飞行器自组网OLSR协议

无人飞行器(unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)自组网的路由研究多以性能指标出发、忽略无人飞行器网络的任务驱动性,与实际需求动态耦合弱、适用性不强。针对该问题基于无人飞行器多任务网络提出了面向任务的无人飞行器联盟组网架构,提出了无人飞行器联盟的任务自适应优化链路状态路由协议(task adaptive optimized link state routing,TA-OLSR)。基于模糊逻辑设计拓扑稳定度计算方法,利用拓扑稳定度实现TA-OLSR控制消息的自适应广播,同时结合稳定度设计新的多点中继选择策略。仿真结果表明,TA-OLSR算法能从宏观面向任务的角度出发,实现不同任务下的良好自适应性,提升数据包投递率,减少冗余信息传播,降低网络开销,有效提高整体网络性能。

Example-based dynamic façade design using the façade daylighting performance improvement(FDPI)indicator

It remains challenging to conduct an efficient dynamic façade design.In this article authors try to address this issue introducing the façade daylighting performance improvement(FDPI)indicator aimed to evaluate the performance of a dynamic(adaptive)façade from its daylighting performance point of view.To illustrate the FDPI application the authors introduced the preliminary dynamic façade concept for an office building located in Tel Aviv(Hot-summer Mediterranean Climate Csa)with further shape modification based on the daylighting performance analysis compared to the three alternatives representative of different typologies of dynamic façades.Al Bahr,One Ocean and The University of Southern Denmark façade systems were simulated under the same weather and building conditions of the preliminary dynamic façade concept and were considered as a benchmark for the study.The final dynamic façade concept elaborated by the authors in the preliminary comparative workflow showed noticeable daylight performance improvement with respect to the case studies comparative scenarios.The FDPI metric allowed to estimate a daylighting performance improvement of 43%of the final dynamic façade concept over the case study dynamic façade that showed the best performance in the daylighting simulations.

基于节点空闲度的自适应移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议

节点可以自由、自主地进入网络拓扑并且无须基础网络设施的特性,使得移动Ad hoc网络被广泛应用于诸如灾难救援、战场等多种环境中.传统的Ad hoc路由协议主要是基于“最短路径”来考虑,会在网络中形成局部的“热点区域”而影响网络的性能.对此,提出了一个新的参数“节点空闲度(leisure degree)”,用来体现节点当前的传输状态.基于这个参数,联合了介质访问控制(medium access control,简称MAC)层和网络层来进行跨层设计,提出了一种新的基于“节点空闲度”的自适应路由协议LDAR(leisure degree adaptive routing),采用启发式的路由选择机制,有效地实现了拥塞控制和负载分担,提高了移动Ad hoc网络的性能.通过模拟实验,结果显示了LDAR协议在静态网络和动态网络的环境下,都有比DSR协议更好的性能.

延迟主导的自适应移动 Ad hoc 网络路由协议

节点可以自由、自主地进入网络拓扑并且无须基础网络设施的特性,使得移动Adhoc网络广泛应用于诸如灾难救援、战场等多种环境中.传统的移动Adhoc网络路由协议往往考虑以最少跳数为衡量依据的“最短路径”约束.相关研究表明,最小跳数的路径并不能保证最小的端到端延迟.随着对Adhoc网络支持时延敏感业务流能力的要求,如何降低端到端延迟成为一个新的挑战.对此,着重分析了网络中的节点延迟,基于跨层设计考虑,引入预测延迟方法,提出了基于最小预测延迟的选路机制和延迟主导的自适应路由协议DOAR(delay-orientedadaptiverouting).模拟实验表明,虽然DOAR协议的平均跳数比DSR(dynamicsourcerouting)协议稍有增加,但是网络的平均端到端延迟有了很大的降低.