Cooperative adaptive bidirectional control of a train platoon for efficient utility and string stability

This paper proposes cooperative adaptive control schemes for a train platoon to improve efficient utility and guarantee string stability. The control schemes are developed based on a bidirectional strategy, i.e., the information of proximal（preceding and following） trains is used in the controller design. Based on available proximal information（prox-info） of location, speed, and acceleration, a direct adaptive control is designed to maintain the tracking interval at the minimum safe distance. Based on available prox-info of location, an observer-based adaptive control is designed to achieve the same target, which alleviates the requirements of equipped sensors to measure prox-info of speed and acceleration. The developed schemes are capable of on-line estimating of the unknown system parameters and stabilizing the closed-loop system, the string stability of train platoon is guaranteed on the basis of Lyapunov stability theorem. Numerical simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control laws.

Utility of Adaptive Sample Size Designs and A Review Example

Sample size can be a key design feature that not only affects the probability of a trial＇s success but also determines the duration and feasibility of a trial. If an investigational drug is expected to be effective and address unmet medical needs of an orphan disease, where the accrual period may require many years with a large sample size to detect a minimal clinically relevant treatment effect, a minimum sample size may be set to maintain nominal power. In limited situations such as this, there may be a need for flexibility in the initial and final sample sizes; thus, it is useful to consider the utility of adaptive sample size designs that use sample size re-estimation or group sequential design. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive performance measure to consider the utility of an adaptive sample size design in a trial simulation. Considering that previously proposed sample size re-estimation methods do not take into account errors in estimation based on interim results, we propose Bayesian sample size re-estimation criteria that take into account prior information on treatment effect, and then, we assess its operating characteristics in a simulation study. We also present a review example of sample size re-estimation mainly based on published paper and review report in Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency （PMDA）.

Rangeland Condition and Herbage Utilization by Herbivores of the Kafue Flats North Bank: A Historical Perspective before the Construction of the Itezhi-Tezhi Dam, Zambia

This study was carried out in Blue Lagoon National Park and the North Bank portion of the Kafue Flats Game Management Area along the Kafue River in Zambia. The aim of the study was to determine rangeland condition and utilization by wildlife as well as livestock grazing in Kafue Flats, to establish the baseline data for monitoring after the construction of the Itezhi-Tezhi dam.? Line intercept method and enclosure plots were used to sample in all recognized vegetation types and basal cover and frequency measurements were taken using line intercept method while enclosure plots were used to determine rangeland utilization. Data obtained from records showed that the area had annual mean rainfall of 535 mm at Itezhi-Tezhi, but the lowest rainfall recorded was 214 mm in the 1978-1979 rainy season and the highest was 1, 184 mm in the 1975-1976 season. With regard to range condition, bare ground was highest in the Termitaria vegetation at Nakenda-Critchley (62%), Bowa (57.6%) and Muwezwa (48.45%) while basal cover was relatively high in the flood plain at Namunyona (47.8%). Litter had an almost even distribution in all vegetation types and percent standing crop biomass was relatively high in all sample plots. Rangeland utilization was relatively high around Nakenda-Chitanda (43.54%) in the flood plain and Bowa (31.42%) in the Termitaria vegetation. It was concluded that Termitaria vegetation was largely at high risk of degradation due to overgrazing. While the impact of dams, environmental flows and flood pulse are discussed, detailed research and monitoring should be introduced in addition to the promotion of management of pastures in this rangeland.

Water Intake and Utilization in Mithun (Bos frontalis):Effect of Environmental Temperature,Rearing System and Concentrate Feed Supplement

Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun （Bosfrontalis） - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region （NEHR） of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns （B. frontalis） as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems （free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation）, and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation （1.o kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet） and in two different seasons （summer and winter）. It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption （per unit of body weight） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption （drinking as well as performed water） was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly （P〈0.01） increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33 - 46 % of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8 % of body weight. It could, therefore, be inferred that water intake by mithun varied with seasons, rearing systems and dry feed consumption. As far as the water nutrition is concerned, it is needed to give an attention while feeding mithun in summer with dry feed supplementation under semi-intensive system of rearing.

FUZZY ADAPTIVE CONTROL MODEL FOR PROCESS IN NICKEL MATTE SMELTING FURNACE

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Ecosystem Services of Grazed Grasslands in the Flooding Pampa

The Flooding Pampa grasslands are the last remnant of the Rio de la Plata grasslands in Argentina.Anthropo-genic interventions have led to severe degradation and,as a result,the ecosystem services provided by the grass-lands are declining,in terms of provisioning,regulating,and supporting services.We synthesized the existing literature on the ecosystem goods and services provided by these grasslands under grazing in different conditions and conservation status.We found that plant and animal diversity and primary production are the most studied ecosystem services,while climate regulation,water supply,nutrient cycling,meat production and erosion control,in that order,are less studied.Cultural services are under-researched.Continuous grazing and glyphosate spraying are the main drivers of grassland degradation.Controlled grazing and conservative stocking rates have been shown to reverse degradation and demonstrate that livestock production is compatible with ecosystem conserva-tion by maintaining regulating and provisioning services.As these management strategies are poorly integrated,improving their implementation will require important changes in farmers’decisions and the development of policies that create the economic conditions for this to happen.Research is needed to understand the conditions that prevent the knowledge generated from being transferred to producers and translated into practices that would improve the provision of ecosystem services.

Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal potential mechanisms in Stipa breviflora underlying adaptation to grazing

Background:Long-term overgrazing has led to severe degradation of grasslands,posing a significant threat to the sustainable use of grassland resources.Methods:Based on the investigation of changes in functional traits and photosynthetic physiology of Stipa breviflora under no grazing,moderate grazing,and heavy grazing treatments,the changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins associated with different grazing intensities were assessed through integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.Results:Differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified under different grazing intensities.They were mainly related to RNA processing,carbon metabolism,and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.These findings suggest that long-term grazing leads to molecular phenotypic plasticity,affecting various biological processes and metabolic pathways in S.breviflora.Correlation analysis revealed low correlation between the transcriptome and the proteome,indicating a large-scale regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional and translational levels during the response of S.breviflora to grazing.The expression profiles of key genes and proteins involved in photosynthesis and phenylpropanoid metabolism pathways suggested their synergistic response to grazing in S.breviflora.Conclusions:Our study provides insight into the adaptation mechanisms of S.breviflora to grazing and provides a scientific basis for the development of more efficient grassland protection and utilization practices.

退化海洋生态系统修复相关概念与修复模式的探讨

退化海洋生态系统的修复是确保海洋资源可持续利用、保护海洋生态环境及建设海洋生态文明的关键举措,也是当前国内、外共同关注的焦点。本文在梳理海洋生态系统概念的形成与发展脉络,以及生态修复与退化海洋生态系统内涵的基础上,深入探讨了三个关键科学问题:提升科学认知、采用先进技术和加强适应性管理。这些问题的解决对于海洋生态系统的研究和修复工程的实施至关重要。

法院专项工作报告制度的运行逻辑与优化发展——以最高人民法院专项工作报告的实践为分析素材

作为具有中国特色的法律治理手段,法院专项工作报告制度的确立蕴含着人大监督权扩张、法院组织成长、人大与法院互动等丰富信息。法院报告专项工作的频次、议题选择、内容构成与报告审议为把握法院专项报告制度的现实图景提供了具体维度。就实践而言,法院专项工作报告制度除了承载监督功能外,还发挥着契合中国政治与司法环境的独特功能。从制度成长的角度来看,法院专项工作报告制度远未成熟,尤其是一些制度机制与操作规范需要进一步明确与优化。法院专项工作报告制度将法院的日常运作与宏大的国家治理体系勾连起来,是观察人大与法院现实关系的重要切口。

气候适应视角下南疆荒漠绿洲城镇水城融合模式研究

受南疆荒漠绿洲地区气候约束及人为影响,城镇地表水时空分配不均现象严重,传统水资源利用模式难以满足现代绿洲发展需求。针对城镇转型中水源紧缺、气候约束下的治水考验、水城分离下的服务缺失等问题,通过循环调蓄一体化的水网格局重塑、防洪景观与生态修复的在地性设计、绿洲特色滨水功能服务体系搭建,激发水资源综合服务潜力,促进现代荒漠绿洲水城融合。

中国草地碳汇功能提升的挑战和行动对策

草地生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,中国草地资源丰富,碳汇潜力巨大,在“双碳”战略目标下,如何发挥和提高草地碳汇能力,助力碳中和目标早日实现,显得尤为迫切。目前,草地碳汇发展面临诸多问题和挑战,草地碳汇功能稳定提升的行动对策仍不清楚。本文综述了近年来我国草地生态系统碳储量相关研究成果及碳源汇特征,阐明影响草地生态系统碳汇作用的关键因素,系统分析了草地碳汇能力提升所面临的挑战,提出应均衡协调草地保护与利用、科学修复退化草地、扶持草地开发低碳增碳产业、强化政策指引、推动草地碳汇交易兑现以及倡导牧区绿色低碳生产生活等草地碳汇能力提升的行动对策,以期通过人类有序的行为活动来挖掘草地固碳潜力,充分发挥其碳汇能力,为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”贡献草地作用,为全球草地碳汇管理提供中国智慧。

兼顾通信效率与效用的自适应高斯差分隐私个性化联邦学习

近年来,由于联邦学习中的通信参数(或梯度)会给参与方本地敏感数据带来重大的隐私泄露风险,联邦学习隐私保护引起了广泛的关注.然而,梯度交换频繁、数据分布异构、参与方本地硬件资源受限等一系列不可避免的因素给联邦学习隐私保护增加了挑战难度.为了以一种统一的方式同时有效地解决数据隐私、模型效用、通信效率以及参与方数据非独立同分布等四个方面的问题,本文提出了一种新的兼顾通信效率与效用的自适应高斯差分隐私个性化联邦学习(Communication-efficient and Utility-aware Adaptive Gaussian Differential Privacy for Personalized Federated Learning,CUAG-PFL)方法.具体而言,本文提出一种动态层级压缩模型梯度的方案先为通信模型梯度每一层动态生成特定的压缩率,再根据压缩率构造对应的确定性二进制测量矩阵去除梯度冗余信息.随后,通过同时优化裁剪阈值、敏感度和噪声尺度等隐私相关参数来对压缩的模型梯度执行自适应高斯差分隐私操作.此外,本文对CUAG-PFL进行了严格的隐私分析.为了验证CUAG-PFL在隐私、效用、通信效率以及个性化四个方面的优势,本文在CIFAR-10和CIFAR-100两个真实联邦数据集上进行了大量实验模拟、对比和分析,结果表明CUAG-PFL能够提高参与方本地数据隐私性、通信效率和模型效用,同时解决了数据非独立同分布的问题.特别地,即使在隐私预算仅为0.92且上行通信量减少68.6%时,CUAG-PFL因隐私保护和梯度压缩所引起的模型效用损失仅为1.66%.

不同自我同一性状态大学生的回音适应行为表现

信息窄化(回音室效应)现象日益突出并带来消极影响,但人们会采取回音适应行为以应对或消除信息窄化的影响。大学生正处于角色转变的关键时期,回音适应行为表现可能与其自我同一性发展水平有关。研究基于身份资本假设与I3行为主义框架探究并解释这一问题。使用问卷法对366名大学生进行施测,结果发现:处于自我同一性完成状态的大学生,回音适应行为得分最高,转变状态下次之,弥散状态下最低;信息过载和感知效用解释了弥散状态大学生的回音适应行为;身份气泡强化和感知效用解释了转变状态下大学生的回音适应行为。结果表明,弥散状态个体采取回音适应行为可能与无效而过载的信息推荐有关;转变状态个体采取回音适应行为可能与信息推荐为建立“身份气泡”机制提供了有效信息有关。

冷蒿资源利用研究进展

冷蒿(Artemisia frigida Willd.)作为我国北方草地退化的指示物种,在阻止草地退化、恢复植被等方面具有重要意义。因其在草原上的特殊地位,冷蒿的资源利用受到了广泛关注。本文基于冷蒿在生物学、生态学、遗传学以及资源利用等方面的研究成果进行综述,并对未来可能开展的研究进行展望,以期为冷蒿资源的合理利用提供理论基础。

考虑分时电价和充电利用率特征的大型电动汽车充电站负荷短期预测方法

考虑分时电价和充电利用率特征对电动汽车充电站负荷的影响,提出了融合长短记忆网络和支持向量回归(long short-term memory-support vector regression,LSTM-SVR)的大型电动汽车充电站负荷短期预测方法。首先,建立了分时电价、充电利用率、气象信息等影响充电负荷的因素以及历史充电负荷功率数据作为输入的特征矩阵。其次,运用自适应噪声完备经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,CEEMDAN)方法将包含分时电价和充电利用率的特征矩阵序列进行分解,扩充了数据多样性,并采用组合相关系数方法实现了数据降维和特征选择。然后采用北方苍鹰优化(northern goshawk optimization,NGO)算法分别优化LSTM和SVR的超参数,求解权重系数并构建融合LSTM-SVR模型。最后采用某城市一座大型充电站数据进行验证,对比实验表明,考虑分时电价和充电利用率特征可有效提高电动汽车充电站负荷预测精度8%以上,同时采用所提出的融合LSTM-SVR预测方法能使预测精度进一步提高。

甘肃省陇东地区万寿菊种植气候适应性研究

为了研究分析陇东地区在万寿菊种植期,最高温度、最低温度、农业界限温度、积温、初终霜日、无霜期等农业热量资源及气象要素对万寿菊生长发育速度、产量形成的影响,运用不同移栽期万寿菊产量对比试验分析方法,探索了万寿菊种植生产中规避霜冻等气象灾害的途径和方法,筛选出最有利于万寿菊生长发育的最佳移栽期,通过分析研究提出了陇东地区万寿菊种植的生态气候区划,达到了提高气候资源利用率、趋利避害、提产增效的目的。在规避冻害的前提下,尽早移栽,以延长生育期增加鲜花产量,获得更高的种植效益。陇东地区万寿菊适宜移栽期受温度影响,各地差异较大,移栽期最长相时差约30 d,主要集中在5月上、中旬。研究发现地形因子和不同的气候年型对万寿菊移栽也有较大的影响。

出山店水库流域水资源适应性利用水平评价

气候变暖和人类活动显著影响了水文循环过程,探究变化环境下出山店水库流域的水资源适应性利用水平评价对水库的安全运行具有重要意义。从水资源适应性利用水平的概念规则入手,基于目标层水资源适应性利用水平,采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)和熵权法的组合赋权方法构建评价指标体系,得到出山店水库的水资源适应性利用水平量化结果。结果表明,2015—2020年的水资源适应性利用水平评价结果以基本适应为主,研究区子系统中水资源适应度水平较好。

柔性光伏支架系统应用现状及前景浅析

通过资料收集和市场调研,对柔性光伏支架系统的组成、结构特点、适用条件进行了研究、总结,阐述了柔性光伏支架系统相较常规固定光伏支架系统的优势及目前存在的不足,对柔性光伏支架系统现阶段的应运场景进行了调研,分析了柔性光伏支架系统在实际工程中的应用现状,提出了柔性光伏支架未来在工程中可能的应用趋势,供今后相关工程参考。

中国铁路既有建筑再生空间模块标准化设计方法探索及实践

通过铁路沿线既有建筑再生改造项目设计探索,尝试采用多维度空间模块的标准化设计理念导入,将铁路既有建筑再生设计的焦点从单纯技术改造回归到建筑本体适应性范畴之中,强调在适宜性思想下多维度空间模块协同组合,形成标准化设计过程,提高铁路工程再生利用水平。首先将空间模块分解为功能再生、活化改造、消防风险管理、安全设计、结构空间5个维度。其次,选取既有铁路房屋中的供电轨道车库及通信站作为实例,运用空间模块作为标准化设计手段进行分析。最终形成针对铁路沿线既有建筑从个性化技术改造到一整套标准化设计方法的转化。

活态古城的文化传承与活化利用——以泉州古城为例

在“见人见物见生活”成为新时代名城保护工作重要目标之一的背景下,对于保有大量城市居民与传统生活形态的活态古城,对其可持续保护与发展一方面应更加审慎、严格,另一方面应突出方法与策略创新,以达到“形魂俱在”的理想目标。以泉州古城为对象,创新性提出空间-居民-实施机制三位一体的活态古城文化传承与活化利用路径,实现多目标协同治理,强化古城历史文化空间品质的整体性提升与表达。同时,开展以居民为中心的遗产保护教育培训与社区发展,不断充实保护力量,真正实现多模式、多途径激发古城空间活态传承与发展,提高名城价值的综合显示度。