The worldwide extension and intensification of farming during the last century has led to ecosystem degradation and caused a series of environmental problems.Conservation of ecosystem services in agricultural regions ...The worldwide extension and intensification of farming during the last century has led to ecosystem degradation and caused a series of environmental problems.Conservation of ecosystem services in agricultural regions has been implemented by top-down government actions or initiated by resilience scientists in the developed countries,but little attention was paid in the developing countries,especially in some remote mountainous regions.The present paper presents a case study showing how local farmers obtained both maximal societal outcomes and agroecosystem conservation interests in the absence of distinct boundaries between agricultural and protected ecological areas in the densely populated purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern China.The local community(Yanting County) has developed a mosaic agricultural-forestry-fishery-stock breeding system with spatially targeted land uses,diverse agricultural productions and multiple ecological partnerships.It indicates that the local farmers have hereditarily perceived sound strategies on maximizing sustainable societal outcomes and optimizing tradeoffs among macro-market,state policy,new technological facility and ecological reinforcement.展开更多
Founded in 1950, the China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation (CMC) is a large national foreign trade enterprise directly under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperat...Founded in 1950, the China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation (CMC) is a large national foreign trade enterprise directly under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, specializing in the import and export of electromechanical products. It is one of our country’s first and largest foreign trade corporations. Since its founding 45 years ago, the corporation has been consistently endeavoring to develop and expand foreign trade in electromechanical products, and展开更多
Due to the fact that conventional heuristic attribute reduction algorithms are poor in running efficiency and difficult in accomplishing the co-evolutionary reduction mechanism in the decision table, an adaptive multi...Due to the fact that conventional heuristic attribute reduction algorithms are poor in running efficiency and difficult in accomplishing the co-evolutionary reduction mechanism in the decision table, an adaptive multicascade attribute reduction algorithm based on quantum-inspired mixed co-evolution is proposed. First, a novel and efficient self- adaptive quantum rotation angle strategy is designed to direct the participating populations to mutual adaptive evolution and to accelerate convergence speed. Then, a multicascade model of cooperative and competitive mixed co-evolution is adopted to decompose the evolutionary attribute species into subpopulations according to their historical performance records, which can increase the diversity of subpopulations and select some elitist individuals so as to strengthen the sharing ability of their searching experience. So the global optimization reduction set can be obtained quickly. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher performance for attribute reduction, and it can be considered as a more competitive heuristic algorithm on the efficiency and accuracy of minimum attribute reduction.展开更多
Based on physiological properties of synapse, soma and axon, this paper presents and analyses a model of neural circuit which can approximately simulate input-output relation, strength-duration curve, adaption and non...Based on physiological properties of synapse, soma and axon, this paper presents and analyses a model of neural circuit which can approximately simulate input-output relation, strength-duration curve, adaption and nonlinear connection of real neuron. The obtained results show that the model approximates to realistic principles of neural computation better than the available neural networks. The impulse-coded WTA(winner takes all) networks constructed with the above model find the winner more effectively than the analog WTA. Finally, the two important concepts: time competition and strength competition are introduced, which illustrate that the model has abilities to perform series and parallel information processing.展开更多
Yes, we perceive that the environment in which comp an ies operate, is changing at higher speeds then before. Globalisation, higher inn ovation rates, customisation, more intense competition, technological developmen ...Yes, we perceive that the environment in which comp an ies operate, is changing at higher speeds then before. Globalisation, higher inn ovation rates, customisation, more intense competition, technological developmen ts account for these changes effecting the way industrial companies operate and eventually their structures and processes. Companies have to adapt themselves to these changes. The question arose whether the approach of the Section Industria l Organisation and Management that it has practised for redesign of processes an d organisational structures also withholds in this era of continuous change. Sec ondly, firms are also looking for contingencies in processes and structures to i mprove their chances for survival. These two questions into the processes and st ructures within the firm that it needs to support adaptation to the ever-changi ng environment direct this research. Industrial companies will have to increase to their Complexity Handling Capabili ty, the ability to cope with changes in its environment and imposed complexity p ouring in from the environment. To do so, they might decrease their internal com plexity through redefining their organisations and product structure. The effect of these measurements seems limited; more might be won by learning to increase its base of capabilities. The increase of capabilities holds parallels to the de velopment of species in biology and paleontology for which two models exist: the punctuated equilibrium and the phyletic gradualism. The punctuated equilibr ium supposes that periods of turmoil are interchanged by periods of fermentation giving rise to new variants and products (for companies). The phyletic graduali sm relies on the development of characteristics in species that are initially ha rd to detect but will lead at the end to new species. Whatever might be true for biology and palaeontology, these two models appear as a possibility for cla ssifying the theories of organisational change. Also, these theories put forward insights in the development of organisations that stretch beyond the classical insights on the adaptation of organisations based on one-time interventions ass uming balance between demands from the environment and internal structure. Little research has been done so far in this field of adaptation of companies to the dynamics of the environment. Most literature does not address the internal processes and structures necessary for coping with change. This paper will prese nt initial findings of case studies of graduation theses that took place to generate data on the validity of the evolutionary models. This way the research should not only lead to a theoretical framework but also to practical implicatio ns for industrial companies.展开更多
Malicious attacks against data are unavoidable in the interconnected,open and shared Energy Internet(EI),Intrusion tolerant techniques are critical to the data security of EI.Existing intrusion tolerant techniques suf...Malicious attacks against data are unavoidable in the interconnected,open and shared Energy Internet(EI),Intrusion tolerant techniques are critical to the data security of EI.Existing intrusion tolerant techniques suffered from problems such as low adaptability,policy lag,and difficulty in determining the degree of tolerance.To address these issues,we propose a novel adaptive intrusion tolerance model based on game theory that enjoys two-fold ideas:(1)it constructs an improved replica of the intrusion tolerance model of the dynamic equation evolution game to induce incentive weights;and (2)it combines a tournament competition model with incentive weights to obtain optimal strategies for each stage of the game process.Extensive experiments are conducted in the IEEE 39-bus system,whose results demonstrate the feasibility of the incentive weights,confirm the proposed strategy strengthens the system’s ability to tolerate aggression,and improves the dynamic adaptability and response efficiency of the aggression-tolerant system in the case of limited resources.展开更多
Understanding how ecological processes affect phenotypic evolution has been and continues to be an important goal of ecology and evolutionary biology. Interspecific competition for resources can be a selective force d...Understanding how ecological processes affect phenotypic evolution has been and continues to be an important goal of ecology and evolutionary biology. Interspecific competition for resources can be a selective force driving phenotypic differentiation that reduces competition among sympatric species (character divergence), enabling closely-related species to coexist. However, although patterns of character divergence are well documented in both empirical and theoretical researches, how local adaptation to abiotic environment affects trait evolution in the face of interspecific competition is less known. Here, we investigate how patterns in morphological traits of 2 parapatric frog species, Feirana quadranus and F. taihangnica, vary among allopatric and sympatric regions using range-wide data derived from extensive field surveys. Feirana quadranus was overall larger than F. taihangnica in body size (i.e., snout-vent length [SVL]), and the difference between SVL of both species in sympatry was larger than that in allopatry. From allopatry to sympatry, the 2 species diverged in foot and hand traits, but converged in eye size and interorbital span, even when we controlled for the effects of geographic gradients. Sympatric divergence in SVL, hand and foot traits is likely acting as a case of evolutionary shift caused by interspecific competition. In contrast, sympatric convergence of eye-related traits may derive at least partly from adaptation to local environments. These results imply the relative roles of interspecific competition and local adaptation in shaping phenotypic diversification. Our findings illustrate how traits evolve in parapatric species pair due to sympatric divergent and convergent evolution. It thus provides insights into understanding underlying evolutionary processes of parapatric species, that is, competition and local adaptation.展开更多
为提高白酒固态发酵的副产物黄水中淀粉含量预测模型精度和建模效率。采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪采集黄水光谱信息,利用一阶导数对光谱进行预处理,并结合偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)建立黄水淀粉定量预测...为提高白酒固态发酵的副产物黄水中淀粉含量预测模型精度和建模效率。采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪采集黄水光谱信息,利用一阶导数对光谱进行预处理,并结合偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)建立黄水淀粉定量预测模型。使用决定系数(R^(2))和预测均方误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)评价模型性能。光谱中含有大量冗余信息,为有效提升黄水淀粉含量检测精度和优化模型效率,将不同特征提取方法的优点结合,发现使用竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)结合连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)提取的光谱特征所建立的PLSR模型,相较于未使用特征提取或仅使用单一特征提取所建立的模型均有明显提升。在单一使用CARS时,模型的R^(2)为0.9654,RMSEP为0.2012%,而结合SPA后,R2为0.9738,RMSEP为0.1748%。此外,光谱维度从2203个减少到了126个,不仅提高了预测精度,也提升了建模效率。本研究提出的方法可作为黄水近红外定量模型优化的有效途径。展开更多
基金funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2011BAD31B03)Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. KZCX2-XB3-09)Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (Grant No.2009ZX07014-002-06)
文摘The worldwide extension and intensification of farming during the last century has led to ecosystem degradation and caused a series of environmental problems.Conservation of ecosystem services in agricultural regions has been implemented by top-down government actions or initiated by resilience scientists in the developed countries,but little attention was paid in the developing countries,especially in some remote mountainous regions.The present paper presents a case study showing how local farmers obtained both maximal societal outcomes and agroecosystem conservation interests in the absence of distinct boundaries between agricultural and protected ecological areas in the densely populated purple-soiled hilly region of southwestern China.The local community(Yanting County) has developed a mosaic agricultural-forestry-fishery-stock breeding system with spatially targeted land uses,diverse agricultural productions and multiple ecological partnerships.It indicates that the local farmers have hereditarily perceived sound strategies on maximizing sustainable societal outcomes and optimizing tradeoffs among macro-market,state policy,new technological facility and ecological reinforcement.
文摘Founded in 1950, the China National Machinery Import & Export Corporation (CMC) is a large national foreign trade enterprise directly under the administration of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, specializing in the import and export of electromechanical products. It is one of our country’s first and largest foreign trade corporations. Since its founding 45 years ago, the corporation has been consistently endeavoring to develop and expand foreign trade in electromechanical products, and
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 61139002,61171132)the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education (No. CXZZ11_0219 )+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2010280)the Open Project of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technology (No. KJS1023)the Applying Study Foundation of Nantong(No. BK2011062)
文摘Due to the fact that conventional heuristic attribute reduction algorithms are poor in running efficiency and difficult in accomplishing the co-evolutionary reduction mechanism in the decision table, an adaptive multicascade attribute reduction algorithm based on quantum-inspired mixed co-evolution is proposed. First, a novel and efficient self- adaptive quantum rotation angle strategy is designed to direct the participating populations to mutual adaptive evolution and to accelerate convergence speed. Then, a multicascade model of cooperative and competitive mixed co-evolution is adopted to decompose the evolutionary attribute species into subpopulations according to their historical performance records, which can increase the diversity of subpopulations and select some elitist individuals so as to strengthen the sharing ability of their searching experience. So the global optimization reduction set can be obtained quickly. The experimental results show that, compared with the existing algorithms, the proposed algorithm can achieve a higher performance for attribute reduction, and it can be considered as a more competitive heuristic algorithm on the efficiency and accuracy of minimum attribute reduction.
文摘Based on physiological properties of synapse, soma and axon, this paper presents and analyses a model of neural circuit which can approximately simulate input-output relation, strength-duration curve, adaption and nonlinear connection of real neuron. The obtained results show that the model approximates to realistic principles of neural computation better than the available neural networks. The impulse-coded WTA(winner takes all) networks constructed with the above model find the winner more effectively than the analog WTA. Finally, the two important concepts: time competition and strength competition are introduced, which illustrate that the model has abilities to perform series and parallel information processing.
文摘Yes, we perceive that the environment in which comp an ies operate, is changing at higher speeds then before. Globalisation, higher inn ovation rates, customisation, more intense competition, technological developmen ts account for these changes effecting the way industrial companies operate and eventually their structures and processes. Companies have to adapt themselves to these changes. The question arose whether the approach of the Section Industria l Organisation and Management that it has practised for redesign of processes an d organisational structures also withholds in this era of continuous change. Sec ondly, firms are also looking for contingencies in processes and structures to i mprove their chances for survival. These two questions into the processes and st ructures within the firm that it needs to support adaptation to the ever-changi ng environment direct this research. Industrial companies will have to increase to their Complexity Handling Capabili ty, the ability to cope with changes in its environment and imposed complexity p ouring in from the environment. To do so, they might decrease their internal com plexity through redefining their organisations and product structure. The effect of these measurements seems limited; more might be won by learning to increase its base of capabilities. The increase of capabilities holds parallels to the de velopment of species in biology and paleontology for which two models exist: the punctuated equilibrium and the phyletic gradualism. The punctuated equilibr ium supposes that periods of turmoil are interchanged by periods of fermentation giving rise to new variants and products (for companies). The phyletic graduali sm relies on the development of characteristics in species that are initially ha rd to detect but will lead at the end to new species. Whatever might be true for biology and palaeontology, these two models appear as a possibility for cla ssifying the theories of organisational change. Also, these theories put forward insights in the development of organisations that stretch beyond the classical insights on the adaptation of organisations based on one-time interventions ass uming balance between demands from the environment and internal structure. Little research has been done so far in this field of adaptation of companies to the dynamics of the environment. Most literature does not address the internal processes and structures necessary for coping with change. This paper will prese nt initial findings of case studies of graduation theses that took place to generate data on the validity of the evolutionary models. This way the research should not only lead to a theoretical framework but also to practical implicatio ns for industrial companies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51977113,62293500,62293501 and 62293505).
文摘Malicious attacks against data are unavoidable in the interconnected,open and shared Energy Internet(EI),Intrusion tolerant techniques are critical to the data security of EI.Existing intrusion tolerant techniques suffered from problems such as low adaptability,policy lag,and difficulty in determining the degree of tolerance.To address these issues,we propose a novel adaptive intrusion tolerance model based on game theory that enjoys two-fold ideas:(1)it constructs an improved replica of the intrusion tolerance model of the dynamic equation evolution game to induce incentive weights;and (2)it combines a tournament competition model with incentive weights to obtain optimal strategies for each stage of the game process.Extensive experiments are conducted in the IEEE 39-bus system,whose results demonstrate the feasibility of the incentive weights,confirm the proposed strategy strengthens the system’s ability to tolerate aggression,and improves the dynamic adaptability and response efficiency of the aggression-tolerant system in the case of limited resources.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572290,31770568,and 31270568)National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFC 0503303).The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study and collection,analysis,and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.
文摘Understanding how ecological processes affect phenotypic evolution has been and continues to be an important goal of ecology and evolutionary biology. Interspecific competition for resources can be a selective force driving phenotypic differentiation that reduces competition among sympatric species (character divergence), enabling closely-related species to coexist. However, although patterns of character divergence are well documented in both empirical and theoretical researches, how local adaptation to abiotic environment affects trait evolution in the face of interspecific competition is less known. Here, we investigate how patterns in morphological traits of 2 parapatric frog species, Feirana quadranus and F. taihangnica, vary among allopatric and sympatric regions using range-wide data derived from extensive field surveys. Feirana quadranus was overall larger than F. taihangnica in body size (i.e., snout-vent length [SVL]), and the difference between SVL of both species in sympatry was larger than that in allopatry. From allopatry to sympatry, the 2 species diverged in foot and hand traits, but converged in eye size and interorbital span, even when we controlled for the effects of geographic gradients. Sympatric divergence in SVL, hand and foot traits is likely acting as a case of evolutionary shift caused by interspecific competition. In contrast, sympatric convergence of eye-related traits may derive at least partly from adaptation to local environments. These results imply the relative roles of interspecific competition and local adaptation in shaping phenotypic diversification. Our findings illustrate how traits evolve in parapatric species pair due to sympatric divergent and convergent evolution. It thus provides insights into understanding underlying evolutionary processes of parapatric species, that is, competition and local adaptation.
文摘为提高白酒固态发酵的副产物黄水中淀粉含量预测模型精度和建模效率。采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪采集黄水光谱信息,利用一阶导数对光谱进行预处理,并结合偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)建立黄水淀粉定量预测模型。使用决定系数(R^(2))和预测均方误差(root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)评价模型性能。光谱中含有大量冗余信息,为有效提升黄水淀粉含量检测精度和优化模型效率,将不同特征提取方法的优点结合,发现使用竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)结合连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)提取的光谱特征所建立的PLSR模型,相较于未使用特征提取或仅使用单一特征提取所建立的模型均有明显提升。在单一使用CARS时,模型的R^(2)为0.9654,RMSEP为0.2012%,而结合SPA后,R2为0.9738,RMSEP为0.1748%。此外,光谱维度从2203个减少到了126个,不仅提高了预测精度,也提升了建模效率。本研究提出的方法可作为黄水近红外定量模型优化的有效途径。
