An Adaptive Anomaly Detection Algorithm Based on CFSFDP

CFSFDP(Clustering by fast search and find of density peak)is a simple and crisp density clustering algorithm.It does not only have the advantages of density clustering algorithm,but also can find the peak of cluster automatically.However,the lack of adaptability makes it difficult to apply in intrusion detection.The new input cannot be updated in time to the existing profiles,and rebuilding profiles would waste a lot of time and computation.Therefore,an adaptive anomaly detection algorithm based on CFSFDP is proposed in this paper.By analyzing the influence of new input on center,edge and discrete points,the adaptive problem mainly focuses on processing with the generation of new cluster by new input.The improved algorithm can integrate new input into the existing clustering without changing the original profiles.Meanwhile,the improved algorithm takes the advantage of multi-core parallel computing to deal with redundant computing.A large number of experiments on intrusion detection on Android platform and KDDCUP 1999 show that the improved algorithm can update the profiles adaptively without affecting the original detection performance.Compared with the other classical algorithms,the improved algorithm based on CFSFDP has the good basic performance and more room of improvement.

Senescent remodeling of the immune system and its contribution to the predisposition of the elderly to infections

Objective To review the senescent remodeling of the immune system with aging and its relevance to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases, along with an outlook on emerging immunological biomarkers. Data sources The data selected were from PubMed with relevant published articles in English or French from 1995 to the present. Searches were made using the terms immunosenescence and aging paired with the following： innate immunity, T-celr, B-cell, adaptive immunity and biomarkers. Articles were reviewed for additional citations and some information was gathered from web searches. Study selection Articles on aging of both the innate and adaptive immunity were reviewed, with special attention to the remodeling effect on the ability of the immune system to fight infectious diseases. Articles related to biomarkers of immunosenescence were selected with the goal of identifying immunological biomarkers predisposing the elderly to infections. Results Innate immunity is generally thought to be relatively well preserved or enhanced during aging compared with adaptive immunity which manifests more profound alterations. However, evidence, particularly in the last decade, reveals that both limbs of the immune system undergo profound remodeling with aging. Reported data on adaptive immunity is consistent and changes are well established but conflicting results about innate immunity were reported between in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as between murine and human studies. Epidemiological data suggests increased predisposition of the elderly to infections, but no compelling scientific evidence has directly linked senescent immune remodeling to this increased susceptibility. Recently, growing interest in identifying immunological biomarkers and defining immune risk phenotypes/profiles （IRP） has been expressed. Identification of biomarkers is in its early days and few potential biomarkers have been identified, with the Swedish having defined one IRP based on the adaptive immune response. Conclusions Aging does not necessarily lead to an unavoidable decline in immune functions. Instead, a complex remodeling occurs. Despite the lack of compelling scientific evidence, senescent immune remodeling surely is a significant contributing factor to the increased risk and severity of infections in the elderly. Although, no immunological biomarker has been formally linked to the increased risk of infections in the elderly, biomarkers remain a promising tool to predict the likelihood of healthy aging, the level of immune competence, and mortality risk in the elderly. Hence, more research is required to define healthy aging and identify immunological biomarkers.