BACKGROUND There is an increasingly strong demand for appearance and physical beauty in social life,marriage,and other aspects with the development of society and the improvement of material living standards.An increa...BACKGROUND There is an increasingly strong demand for appearance and physical beauty in social life,marriage,and other aspects with the development of society and the improvement of material living standards.An increasing number of people have improved their appearance and physical shape through aesthetic plastic surgery.The female breast plays a significant role in physical beauty,and droopy or atrophied breasts can frequently lead to psychological inferiority and lack of confidence in women.This,in turn,can affect their mental health and quality of life.AIM To analyze preoperative and postoperative self-image pressure-level changes of autologous fat breast augmentation patients and their impact on social adaptability.METHODS We selected 160 patients who underwent autologous fat breast augmentation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022 using random sampling method.The general information,selfimage pressure level,and social adaptability of the patients were investigated using a basic information survey,body image self-assessment scale,and social adaptability scale.The self-image pressure-level changes and their effects on the social adaptability of patients before and after autologous fat breast augmentation were analyzed.RESULTS We collected 142 valid questionnaires.The single-factor analysis results showed no statistically significant difference in the self-image pressure level and social adaptability score of patients with different ages,marital status,and monthly income.However,there were significant differences in social adaptability among patients with different education levels and employment statuses.The correlation analysis results revealed a significant correlation between the self-image pressure level and social adaptability score before and after surgery.Multiple factors analysis results showed that the degree of concern caused by appearance in selfimage pressure,the degree of possible behavioral intervention,the related distress caused by body image,and the influence of body image on social life influenced the social adaptability of autologous fat breast augmentation patients.CONCLUSION The self-image pressure on autologous fat breast augmentation patients is inversely proportional to their social adaptability.展开更多
Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel...Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(PMOS)has been replaced by Negative Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(NMOS)in recent years,with low dimen-sion-switching changes in order to shape the mirror of voltage comparator.NMOS is used to reduce stacking leakage as well as total exchange.Domino Logic Cir-cuit is a powerful and versatile digital programmer that gained popularity in recent years.In this study regarding Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control Pro-blem,the researchers intend to solve the contention issues,reduce power dissipa-tion,and increase the noise immunity by proposing Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control(ASVLC)-based domino circuit.The efficiency and effec-tiveness of the domino circuit are demonstrated through simulation results.The suggested system makes use of high-speed broad fan-gate circuits,occupies mini-mum space,and consumes meagre amount of power.The proposed circuit was validated in Cadence simulation tool at a supply voltage of 1V,frequency of 100 MHz,and an operating temperature of 27°C with 64 input OR gates.As per the simulation results,the suggested Domino Gate reduced the power dissipa-tion by 17.58 percent and improved the noise immunity by 1.21 times in compar-ison with standard domino logic circuits.展开更多
Bangladesh is vulnerable to climate change-induced sea level rise due to its location and socioeconomic position. The study examines the Beel Kapalia region in polder no. 24 of the Monirampur upazila of Jessore distri...Bangladesh is vulnerable to climate change-induced sea level rise due to its location and socioeconomic position. The study examines the Beel Kapalia region in polder no. 24 of the Monirampur upazila of Jessore district, Khulna division. To assess local attitudes on sea level rise-related permanent flooding, Kapalia, Monoharpur, Nehalpur, Balidaha, and Panchakori were polled. This flooding has disrupted residents’ lifestyles, making them vulnerable to increasing sea levels. Viability and adaptability were assessed using livelihood capitals. Participants’ thoughts and knowledge about their resilience in several livelihood factors were gathered using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) instruments and a questionnaire survey in the area. Major discoveries include the impact of permanent floods on Beel Kapalia’s livelihoods, vulnerability and resilience assessments in numerous villages, and community viewpoints on regional adaptation methods to mitigate these consequences. The study found that a sustained 30.5 cm inundation would reduce local human, natural, physical, financial, and social capital resilience to 69.6%, 30.7%, 69.1%, 68.9%, and 69.1%. A constant 61 cm inundation would lower resistance to 40.9%, 8.7%, 42.4%, 45.6%, and 43.8%. Residents believe they can weather a 30.5 cm inundation with local adaptation measures, but if the water level rises to 61 cm, they may be displaced.展开更多
The coast of Morocco is,in many locations, physically and socio-economically vulnerable to accelerated sea-level rise,due to its low topography and its high ecological,economic and touristic values. Assessment of the ...The coast of Morocco is,in many locations, physically and socio-economically vulnerable to accelerated sea-level rise,due to its low topography and its high ecological,economic and touristic values. Assessment of the potential land loss by inundation and erosion,based on a modeling approach and Geographical Information Systems(GIS),has enabled to identify both locations and the socioeconomic sectors that展开更多
A novel approach that integrates occlusion culling within the view-dependent rendering framework is proposed. The algorithm uses the prioritized-layered projection(PLP) algorithm to occlude those obscured objects, a...A novel approach that integrates occlusion culling within the view-dependent rendering framework is proposed. The algorithm uses the prioritized-layered projection(PLP) algorithm to occlude those obscured objects, and uses an approximate visibility technique to accurately and efficiently determine which objects will be visible in the coming future and prefetch those objects from disk before they are rendered, view-dependent rendering technique provides the ability to change level of detail over the surface seamlessly and smoothly in real-time according to cell solidity value.展开更多
Adaptive learning is a new approach for e-learning systems. In comparison to traditional e-learning systems, which present same things for all learners, these systems automatically adapt with learner characteristics. ...Adaptive learning is a new approach for e-learning systems. In comparison to traditional e-learning systems, which present same things for all learners, these systems automatically adapt with learner characteristics. In this paper, we are going to propose a new method for Adaptive learning, and consider adaptation from three viewpoints: 1) learner learning style, 2) learner’s knowledge level, 3) learner’s score. Due to similarity between learning objects graph and petri net, and In order to provide adaptive learning, we use an approach based on a high level petri net (HLPN).Also we propose a method to evaluate performance in this system. We compare our system with a non adaptive system, through our performance evaluating method. The results show response time for our system is less than non adaptive system and learners finish course in a relatively shorter period of time. Since our proposed system considers individual features of learner, we can be sure that learner would not be confused in learning materials.展开更多
An efficient and accurate prediction of a precise tidal level in estuaries and coastal areas is indispensable for the management and decision-making of human activity in the field wok of marine engineering. The variat...An efficient and accurate prediction of a precise tidal level in estuaries and coastal areas is indispensable for the management and decision-making of human activity in the field wok of marine engineering. The variation of the tidal level is a time-varying process. The time-varying factors including interference from the external environment that cause the change of tides are fairly complicated. Furthermore, tidal variations are affected not only by periodic movement of celestial bodies but also by time-varying interference from the external environment. Consequently, for the efficient and precise tidal level prediction, a neuro-fuzzy hybrid technology based on the combination of harmonic analysis and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)model is utilized to construct a precise tidal level prediction system, which takes both advantages of the harmonic analysis method and the ANFIS network. The proposed prediction model is composed of two modules: the astronomical tide module caused by celestial bodies’ movement and the non-astronomical tide module caused by various meteorological and other environmental factors. To generate a fuzzy inference system(FIS) structure,three approaches which include grid partition(GP), fuzzy c-means(FCM) and sub-clustering(SC) are used in the ANFIS network constructing process. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal ANFIS based prediction model, large numbers of simulation experiments are implemented for each FIS generating approach. In this tidal prediction study, the optimal ANFIS model is used to predict the non-astronomical tide module, while the conventional harmonic analysis model is used to predict the astronomical tide module. The final prediction result is performed by combining the estimation outputs of the harmonious analysis model and the optimal ANFIS model. To demonstrate the applicability and capability of the proposed novel prediction model, measured tidal level samples of Fort Pulaski tidal station are selected as the testing database. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed prediction approach can achieve precise predictions for the tidal level with high accuracy, satisfactory convergence and stability.展开更多
It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, ...It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4~16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6~14cm. It will be 9~26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47~65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ~24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%~2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.展开更多
This paper is concerned with three-dimensional numerical simulation of a plunging liquid jet. The transient processes of forming an air cavity around the jet, capturing an initially large air bubble, and the break-up ...This paper is concerned with three-dimensional numerical simulation of a plunging liquid jet. The transient processes of forming an air cavity around the jet, capturing an initially large air bubble, and the break-up of this large toroidal-shaped bubble into smaller bubbles were analyzed. A stabilized finite element method (FEM) was employed under parallel numerical simulations based on adaptive, unstructured grid and coupled with a level-set method to track the interface between air and liquid. These simulations show that the inertia of the liquid jet initially depresses the pool's surface, forming an annular air cavity which surrounds the liquid jet. A toroidal liquid eddy which is subse- quently formed in the liquid pool results in air cavity collapse, and in turn entrains air into the liquid pool from the unstable annular air gap region around the liquid jet.展开更多
Remaining useful life(RUL)prediction is an advanced technique for system maintenance scheduling.Most of existing RUL prediction methods are only interested in the precision of RUL estimation;the adverse impact of over...Remaining useful life(RUL)prediction is an advanced technique for system maintenance scheduling.Most of existing RUL prediction methods are only interested in the precision of RUL estimation;the adverse impact of overestimated RUL on maintenance scheduling is not of concern.In this work,an RUL estimation method with risk-averse adaptation is developed which can reduce the over-estimation rate while maintaining a reasonable under-estimation level.The proposed method includes a module of degradation feature selection to obtain crucial features which reflect system degradation trends.Then,the latent structure between the degradation features and the RUL labels is modeled by a support vector regression(SVR)model and a long short-term memory(LSTM)network,respectively.To enhance the prediction robustness and increase its marginal utility,the SVR model and the LSTM model are integrated to generate a hybrid model via three connection parameters.By designing a cost function with penalty mechanism,the three parameters are determined using a modified grey wolf optimization algorithm.In addition,a cost metric is proposed to measure the benefit of such a risk-averse predictive maintenance method.Verification is done using an aero-engine data set from NASA.The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed RUL estimation method and the predictive maintenance strategy.展开更多
Climate change and sea level rise necessitate adaptation strategies for coastal areas. This paper showcases five strategies for sea level rise adaptation: hard protection, soft protection, accommodation, retreat, and ...Climate change and sea level rise necessitate adaptation strategies for coastal areas. This paper showcases five strategies for sea level rise adaptation: hard protection, soft protection, accommodation, retreat, and attack. This study proposes adaptation measures and a phased development strategy for coastal areas of Mokpo, an old port city on the southwestern tip of the Korean Peninsula that has been expanded by land reclamation. Mokpo presently experiences frequent flooding during high-water and storm events;due to their low elevation and land subsidence, most of the reclaimed areas are susceptible to future inundation via sea level rise. The fundamental adaptation strategies for the impact areas are: hard protection of important infrastructures via multi-tiered terraces;the retreat of coastal developments accompanied by green buffer zones such as wetlands and parks to accommodate temporary inundation;and up-leveling the ground for new development and phased relocation of existing development. Through the case study of Mokpo, the paper emphasizes the importance of resilient planning strategies for urban development, and highlights both the challenges and opportunities for sea level rise adaptation.展开更多
The active contour model based on local image fitting (LIF) energy is an effective method to deal with intensity inhomo- geneities, but it always conflicts with the local minimum problem because LIF has a nonconvex ...The active contour model based on local image fitting (LIF) energy is an effective method to deal with intensity inhomo- geneities, but it always conflicts with the local minimum problem because LIF has a nonconvex energy function form. At the same time, the parameters of LIF are hard to be chosen for better per- formance. A global minimization of the adaptive LIF energy model is proposed. The regularized length term which constrains the zero level set is introduced to improve the accuracy of the bound- aries, and a global minimization of the active contour model is presented, in addition, based on the statistical information of the intensity histogram, the standard deviation σ with respect to the truncated Gaussian window is automatically computed according to images. Consequently, the proposed method improves the performance and adaptivity to deal with the intensity inhomo- geneities. Experimental results for synthetic and real images show desirable performance and efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
Based on immune network regulatory mechanism, a new adaptive immune evolutionary algorithm (AIEA) is proposed to improve the performance of genetic algorithms (GA) in this paper. AIEA adopts novel selection operation ...Based on immune network regulatory mechanism, a new adaptive immune evolutionary algorithm (AIEA) is proposed to improve the performance of genetic algorithms (GA) in this paper. AIEA adopts novel selection operation according to the stimulation level of each antibody. A memory base for good antibodies is devised simultaneously to raise the convergent rapidity of the algorithm and adaptive adjusting strategy of antibody population is used for preventing the loss of the population adversity. The experiments show AIEA has better convergence performance than standard genetic algorithm and is capable of maintaining the adversity of the population and solving function optimization problems in an efficient and reliable way.展开更多
The technique of adaptive tree mesh is an effective way to reduce computational cost through automatic adjustment of cell size according to necessity. In the present study, the 2D numerical N-S solver based on the ada...The technique of adaptive tree mesh is an effective way to reduce computational cost through automatic adjustment of cell size according to necessity. In the present study, the 2D numerical N-S solver based on the adaptive quadtree mesh system was extended to a 3D one, in which a spatially adaptive octree mesh system and multiple particle level set method were adopted for the convenience to deal with the air-water-structure multiple-medium coexisting domain. The stretching process of a dumbbell was simulated and the results indicate that the meshes are well adaptable to the free surface. The collapsing process of water column impinging a circle cylinder was simulated and from the results, it can be seen that the processes of fluid splitting and merging are properly simulated. The interaction of second-order Stokes waves with a square cylinder was simulated and the obtained drag force is consistent with the result by the Morison's wave force formula with the coefficient values of the stable drag component and the inertial force component being set as 2.54.展开更多
One of the clear signals of the ongoing climate change is sea level rise (SLR). Normal oceanic tides superimposed on a rising sea level and coastal flooding will affect many coastal communities. An international colla...One of the clear signals of the ongoing climate change is sea level rise (SLR). Normal oceanic tides superimposed on a rising sea level and coastal flooding will affect many coastal communities. An international collaboration among Brazil, the United Kingdom, and the United States was designed to evaluate local decision making processes and to open space for local urban managers to reflect on possible actions toward adaption to sea level rise given the historical constraints imposed by administrative and institutional structures. This project focused on the processes that shape adaptation of three coastal communities in three countries. It worked jointly with these communities in defining the problem, examining risks, and understanding the benefits and obstacles that may hinder implementation of adaptation options. The framework was co-designed by an interdisciplinary team that incorporated social and natural scientists from the three countries, including local government officials. The study addressed 1) evaluation of adaptive capacity through participant surveys and 2) physical and cost impact simulations using geospatial models of the built infrastructure and implementation of adaptation options under different hazard scenarios, including 50 and 100-year sea level rise projections and severe storms. Based on the surveys’ results, there is a clear sense of the awareness of each community of the risk of floods due to intense storms, and of the usefulness of engaging early in a process that promotes the understanding of risks, impacts, and costs. A majority of workshop participants prioritized pursuing physical and green infrastructure actions now or within coming years or decades. A positive common aspect of the three sites was the commitment shown by the stakeholders in taking part in the process and evaluating which adaptation measures could be more effective in their cities. While in the US and UK structural solutions and voluntary buyouts were prioritized for the future, Brazil prioritized structural solutions and ecosystems restoration and not voluntary buyouts. All of these are choices to increase resiliency against sea level rise that have a high benefit-cost ratio. The Adaptive Capacity Index (ACI) results illustrate barriers to adaptation action, including technical, economic and political issues that reveal inequalities in adaptive capacity among case studies.展开更多
A new method of adaptable rendering for interaction in Virtual Environment(VE) through different visual acuity equations is proposed. An acuity factor equation of luminance vision is first given. Secondly, five equati...A new method of adaptable rendering for interaction in Virtual Environment(VE) through different visual acuity equations is proposed. An acuity factor equation of luminance vision is first given. Secondly, five equations which calculate the visual acuity through visual acuity factors are presented, and adaptive rendering strategy based on different visual acuity equations is given. The VE system may select one of them on the basis of the host’s load, hereby select LOD for each model which would be rendered. A coarser LOD is selected where the visual acuity is lower, and a better LOD is used where it is higher. This method is tested through experiments and the experimental results show that it is effective.展开更多
Mangrove distribution along shorelines shows distinct zonation patterns;thus,different communities may face various influences from sea level rise(SLR)and land use.However,long-term change predictions are usually base...Mangrove distribution along shorelines shows distinct zonation patterns;thus,different communities may face various influences from sea level rise(SLR)and land use.However,long-term change predictions are usually based only on the total extent of mangroves.Few studies have revealed how SLR and land development such as agriculture,aquaculture,and urbanization jointly affect different intertidal mangrove communities.This study proposed a novel framework combining SLAMM(Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model)and the CLUE-S(Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent)model to assess the potential impacts on upper and lower intertidal mangrove communities.Maoweihai in Guangxi,China,was selected as the study area and the potential impacts from the squeeze effect and mangrove expansion potential were evaluated.We established three scenarios combining SLR and land use patterns to predict mangrove coverage projections by 2070.The results showed that,under a single SLR driver,the upper intertidal mangroves would be more adaptive to rapid SLR than the lower intertidal mangroves.However,under the combined influence of the two drivers,the upper intertidal mangroves would experience larger squeeze effects than the lower intertidal mangroves,with up to 80.5%of suitable habitat lost.Moreover,the expansion potential of upper intertidal mangroves would be considerably more limited than that of lower intertidal mangroves.The length of the expandable habitat patch boundary of upper intertidal mangroves only reached 1.4–1.8 km,while that of the lower intertidal mangroves reached up to99.2–111.2 km.Further,we found that aquaculture ponds and cropland are the top two land development types that could occupy suitable habitat and restrict the mangrove expansion potential.Our results highlight that timely improvement of land use policies to create available landward accommodation space for mangrove migration is essential to maintain the coverage and diversity of mangrove communities under SLR.The proposed method can be a helpful tool for adaptive mangrove conservation and management under climate change.展开更多
This paper tried to analyse and verify the fuzzy adaptive control strategy of electronic control air suspension system for heavy truck. Created the seven-freedoms vehicle suspension model, and the road input model; wi...This paper tried to analyse and verify the fuzzy adaptive control strategy of electronic control air suspension system for heavy truck. Created the seven-freedoms vehicle suspension model, and the road input model; with Matlab/Simulink toolboxes and modules, built dynamical system simulation model for heavy truck with air suspension, fuzzy adaptive control model, height control model for air spring, and intelligent control and analyse on root mean square value of acceleration of gravity center of the vehicle under excitation of road. Results show that the fuzzy control had less help to the body vibration on the better pavement, but had the better benefit on the bad road, and the vehicle’s root mean square value of acceleration of gravity center is less than passive suspension’s obviously.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND There is an increasingly strong demand for appearance and physical beauty in social life,marriage,and other aspects with the development of society and the improvement of material living standards.An increasing number of people have improved their appearance and physical shape through aesthetic plastic surgery.The female breast plays a significant role in physical beauty,and droopy or atrophied breasts can frequently lead to psychological inferiority and lack of confidence in women.This,in turn,can affect their mental health and quality of life.AIM To analyze preoperative and postoperative self-image pressure-level changes of autologous fat breast augmentation patients and their impact on social adaptability.METHODS We selected 160 patients who underwent autologous fat breast augmentation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022 using random sampling method.The general information,selfimage pressure level,and social adaptability of the patients were investigated using a basic information survey,body image self-assessment scale,and social adaptability scale.The self-image pressure-level changes and their effects on the social adaptability of patients before and after autologous fat breast augmentation were analyzed.RESULTS We collected 142 valid questionnaires.The single-factor analysis results showed no statistically significant difference in the self-image pressure level and social adaptability score of patients with different ages,marital status,and monthly income.However,there were significant differences in social adaptability among patients with different education levels and employment statuses.The correlation analysis results revealed a significant correlation between the self-image pressure level and social adaptability score before and after surgery.Multiple factors analysis results showed that the degree of concern caused by appearance in selfimage pressure,the degree of possible behavioral intervention,the related distress caused by body image,and the influence of body image on social life influenced the social adaptability of autologous fat breast augmentation patients.CONCLUSION The self-image pressure on autologous fat breast augmentation patients is inversely proportional to their social adaptability.
文摘Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(PMOS)has been replaced by Negative Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(NMOS)in recent years,with low dimen-sion-switching changes in order to shape the mirror of voltage comparator.NMOS is used to reduce stacking leakage as well as total exchange.Domino Logic Cir-cuit is a powerful and versatile digital programmer that gained popularity in recent years.In this study regarding Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control Pro-blem,the researchers intend to solve the contention issues,reduce power dissipa-tion,and increase the noise immunity by proposing Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control(ASVLC)-based domino circuit.The efficiency and effec-tiveness of the domino circuit are demonstrated through simulation results.The suggested system makes use of high-speed broad fan-gate circuits,occupies mini-mum space,and consumes meagre amount of power.The proposed circuit was validated in Cadence simulation tool at a supply voltage of 1V,frequency of 100 MHz,and an operating temperature of 27°C with 64 input OR gates.As per the simulation results,the suggested Domino Gate reduced the power dissipa-tion by 17.58 percent and improved the noise immunity by 1.21 times in compar-ison with standard domino logic circuits.
文摘Bangladesh is vulnerable to climate change-induced sea level rise due to its location and socioeconomic position. The study examines the Beel Kapalia region in polder no. 24 of the Monirampur upazila of Jessore district, Khulna division. To assess local attitudes on sea level rise-related permanent flooding, Kapalia, Monoharpur, Nehalpur, Balidaha, and Panchakori were polled. This flooding has disrupted residents’ lifestyles, making them vulnerable to increasing sea levels. Viability and adaptability were assessed using livelihood capitals. Participants’ thoughts and knowledge about their resilience in several livelihood factors were gathered using participatory rural appraisal (PRA) instruments and a questionnaire survey in the area. Major discoveries include the impact of permanent floods on Beel Kapalia’s livelihoods, vulnerability and resilience assessments in numerous villages, and community viewpoints on regional adaptation methods to mitigate these consequences. The study found that a sustained 30.5 cm inundation would reduce local human, natural, physical, financial, and social capital resilience to 69.6%, 30.7%, 69.1%, 68.9%, and 69.1%. A constant 61 cm inundation would lower resistance to 40.9%, 8.7%, 42.4%, 45.6%, and 43.8%. Residents believe they can weather a 30.5 cm inundation with local adaptation measures, but if the water level rises to 61 cm, they may be displaced.
文摘The coast of Morocco is,in many locations, physically and socio-economically vulnerable to accelerated sea-level rise,due to its low topography and its high ecological,economic and touristic values. Assessment of the potential land loss by inundation and erosion,based on a modeling approach and Geographical Information Systems(GIS),has enabled to identify both locations and the socioeconomic sectors that
文摘A novel approach that integrates occlusion culling within the view-dependent rendering framework is proposed. The algorithm uses the prioritized-layered projection(PLP) algorithm to occlude those obscured objects, and uses an approximate visibility technique to accurately and efficiently determine which objects will be visible in the coming future and prefetch those objects from disk before they are rendered, view-dependent rendering technique provides the ability to change level of detail over the surface seamlessly and smoothly in real-time according to cell solidity value.
文摘Adaptive learning is a new approach for e-learning systems. In comparison to traditional e-learning systems, which present same things for all learners, these systems automatically adapt with learner characteristics. In this paper, we are going to propose a new method for Adaptive learning, and consider adaptation from three viewpoints: 1) learner learning style, 2) learner’s knowledge level, 3) learner’s score. Due to similarity between learning objects graph and petri net, and In order to provide adaptive learning, we use an approach based on a high level petri net (HLPN).Also we propose a method to evaluate performance in this system. We compare our system with a non adaptive system, through our performance evaluating method. The results show response time for our system is less than non adaptive system and learners finish course in a relatively shorter period of time. Since our proposed system considers individual features of learner, we can be sure that learner would not be confused in learning materials.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.51379002the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China under contract Nos 3132016322 and 3132016314the Applied Basic Research Project Fund of the Chinese Ministry of Transport of China under contract No.2014329225010
文摘An efficient and accurate prediction of a precise tidal level in estuaries and coastal areas is indispensable for the management and decision-making of human activity in the field wok of marine engineering. The variation of the tidal level is a time-varying process. The time-varying factors including interference from the external environment that cause the change of tides are fairly complicated. Furthermore, tidal variations are affected not only by periodic movement of celestial bodies but also by time-varying interference from the external environment. Consequently, for the efficient and precise tidal level prediction, a neuro-fuzzy hybrid technology based on the combination of harmonic analysis and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)model is utilized to construct a precise tidal level prediction system, which takes both advantages of the harmonic analysis method and the ANFIS network. The proposed prediction model is composed of two modules: the astronomical tide module caused by celestial bodies’ movement and the non-astronomical tide module caused by various meteorological and other environmental factors. To generate a fuzzy inference system(FIS) structure,three approaches which include grid partition(GP), fuzzy c-means(FCM) and sub-clustering(SC) are used in the ANFIS network constructing process. Furthermore, to obtain the optimal ANFIS based prediction model, large numbers of simulation experiments are implemented for each FIS generating approach. In this tidal prediction study, the optimal ANFIS model is used to predict the non-astronomical tide module, while the conventional harmonic analysis model is used to predict the astronomical tide module. The final prediction result is performed by combining the estimation outputs of the harmonious analysis model and the optimal ANFIS model. To demonstrate the applicability and capability of the proposed novel prediction model, measured tidal level samples of Fort Pulaski tidal station are selected as the testing database. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed prediction approach can achieve precise predictions for the tidal level with high accuracy, satisfactory convergence and stability.
文摘It can be seen from the calculation that the vulnerable area along China's coast in which the elevation is less than 5 m, is 143 900 km2, accounting for about 11. 3% of the total area of the 11 coastal provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. These areas are threatened to varying extent by sea level rise. According to prediction, the relative sea level rise (including global sea level rise caused by climate change and local relative as level rise caused by vertical crust movement and ground subsidence) along China's coast will be 4~16 cm by the year 2030 with the optimum estimated value of 6~14cm. It will be 9~26 cm by the year 2050 with the optimum estimated value of 12-23 cm. And it will be 31-74 cm by the year 2100 with the optimum estimated value of 47~65 cm. The calcuation result shows that the percentage of the cost for up-grading (heightening and consolidating) sea dykes/walls in adaptation strategy in the losses of submerged areas varies from area to area: 6. 9% in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Deta, 1. 3% ~24. 6% in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, and 0. 9%~2. 0% in the Huanghe River Delta.
基金supported by the Office of Naval Research(Grant ONRDC14292111)
文摘This paper is concerned with three-dimensional numerical simulation of a plunging liquid jet. The transient processes of forming an air cavity around the jet, capturing an initially large air bubble, and the break-up of this large toroidal-shaped bubble into smaller bubbles were analyzed. A stabilized finite element method (FEM) was employed under parallel numerical simulations based on adaptive, unstructured grid and coupled with a level-set method to track the interface between air and liquid. These simulations show that the inertia of the liquid jet initially depresses the pool's surface, forming an annular air cavity which surrounds the liquid jet. A toroidal liquid eddy which is subse- quently formed in the liquid pool results in air cavity collapse, and in turn entrains air into the liquid pool from the unstable annular air gap region around the liquid jet.
基金support by Natural Science Foundation of China(61873122)。
文摘Remaining useful life(RUL)prediction is an advanced technique for system maintenance scheduling.Most of existing RUL prediction methods are only interested in the precision of RUL estimation;the adverse impact of overestimated RUL on maintenance scheduling is not of concern.In this work,an RUL estimation method with risk-averse adaptation is developed which can reduce the over-estimation rate while maintaining a reasonable under-estimation level.The proposed method includes a module of degradation feature selection to obtain crucial features which reflect system degradation trends.Then,the latent structure between the degradation features and the RUL labels is modeled by a support vector regression(SVR)model and a long short-term memory(LSTM)network,respectively.To enhance the prediction robustness and increase its marginal utility,the SVR model and the LSTM model are integrated to generate a hybrid model via three connection parameters.By designing a cost function with penalty mechanism,the three parameters are determined using a modified grey wolf optimization algorithm.In addition,a cost metric is proposed to measure the benefit of such a risk-averse predictive maintenance method.Verification is done using an aero-engine data set from NASA.The results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed RUL estimation method and the predictive maintenance strategy.
文摘Climate change and sea level rise necessitate adaptation strategies for coastal areas. This paper showcases five strategies for sea level rise adaptation: hard protection, soft protection, accommodation, retreat, and attack. This study proposes adaptation measures and a phased development strategy for coastal areas of Mokpo, an old port city on the southwestern tip of the Korean Peninsula that has been expanded by land reclamation. Mokpo presently experiences frequent flooding during high-water and storm events;due to their low elevation and land subsidence, most of the reclaimed areas are susceptible to future inundation via sea level rise. The fundamental adaptation strategies for the impact areas are: hard protection of important infrastructures via multi-tiered terraces;the retreat of coastal developments accompanied by green buffer zones such as wetlands and parks to accommodate temporary inundation;and up-leveling the ground for new development and phased relocation of existing development. Through the case study of Mokpo, the paper emphasizes the importance of resilient planning strategies for urban development, and highlights both the challenges and opportunities for sea level rise adaptation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6100317061372142+2 种基金61103121)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities SCUT(2014ZG0037)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2012M511561)
文摘The active contour model based on local image fitting (LIF) energy is an effective method to deal with intensity inhomo- geneities, but it always conflicts with the local minimum problem because LIF has a nonconvex energy function form. At the same time, the parameters of LIF are hard to be chosen for better per- formance. A global minimization of the adaptive LIF energy model is proposed. The regularized length term which constrains the zero level set is introduced to improve the accuracy of the bound- aries, and a global minimization of the active contour model is presented, in addition, based on the statistical information of the intensity histogram, the standard deviation σ with respect to the truncated Gaussian window is automatically computed according to images. Consequently, the proposed method improves the performance and adaptivity to deal with the intensity inhomo- geneities. Experimental results for synthetic and real images show desirable performance and efficiency of the proposed method.
基金National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars ( No60625302)Major state Basic Research Program ofChina (973Program) (No2002CB312200) +1 种基金the 863 Hi-Tech Research and Development Programof China (No20060104Z1081)Science and Research Program of Shanghai Educational Committee (No06DZ030)
文摘Based on immune network regulatory mechanism, a new adaptive immune evolutionary algorithm (AIEA) is proposed to improve the performance of genetic algorithms (GA) in this paper. AIEA adopts novel selection operation according to the stimulation level of each antibody. A memory base for good antibodies is devised simultaneously to raise the convergent rapidity of the algorithm and adaptive adjusting strategy of antibody population is used for preventing the loss of the population adversity. The experiments show AIEA has better convergence performance than standard genetic algorithm and is capable of maintaining the adversity of the population and solving function optimization problems in an efficient and reliable way.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51379143 and No.51109018)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51021004)+1 种基金the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Science and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province(No.2014SS01)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety(No.HSSKLTJU-201208)
文摘The technique of adaptive tree mesh is an effective way to reduce computational cost through automatic adjustment of cell size according to necessity. In the present study, the 2D numerical N-S solver based on the adaptive quadtree mesh system was extended to a 3D one, in which a spatially adaptive octree mesh system and multiple particle level set method were adopted for the convenience to deal with the air-water-structure multiple-medium coexisting domain. The stretching process of a dumbbell was simulated and the results indicate that the meshes are well adaptable to the free surface. The collapsing process of water column impinging a circle cylinder was simulated and from the results, it can be seen that the processes of fluid splitting and merging are properly simulated. The interaction of second-order Stokes waves with a square cylinder was simulated and the obtained drag force is consistent with the result by the Morison's wave force formula with the coefficient values of the stable drag component and the inertial force component being set as 2.54.
文摘One of the clear signals of the ongoing climate change is sea level rise (SLR). Normal oceanic tides superimposed on a rising sea level and coastal flooding will affect many coastal communities. An international collaboration among Brazil, the United Kingdom, and the United States was designed to evaluate local decision making processes and to open space for local urban managers to reflect on possible actions toward adaption to sea level rise given the historical constraints imposed by administrative and institutional structures. This project focused on the processes that shape adaptation of three coastal communities in three countries. It worked jointly with these communities in defining the problem, examining risks, and understanding the benefits and obstacles that may hinder implementation of adaptation options. The framework was co-designed by an interdisciplinary team that incorporated social and natural scientists from the three countries, including local government officials. The study addressed 1) evaluation of adaptive capacity through participant surveys and 2) physical and cost impact simulations using geospatial models of the built infrastructure and implementation of adaptation options under different hazard scenarios, including 50 and 100-year sea level rise projections and severe storms. Based on the surveys’ results, there is a clear sense of the awareness of each community of the risk of floods due to intense storms, and of the usefulness of engaging early in a process that promotes the understanding of risks, impacts, and costs. A majority of workshop participants prioritized pursuing physical and green infrastructure actions now or within coming years or decades. A positive common aspect of the three sites was the commitment shown by the stakeholders in taking part in the process and evaluating which adaptation measures could be more effective in their cities. While in the US and UK structural solutions and voluntary buyouts were prioritized for the future, Brazil prioritized structural solutions and ecosystems restoration and not voluntary buyouts. All of these are choices to increase resiliency against sea level rise that have a high benefit-cost ratio. The Adaptive Capacity Index (ACI) results illustrate barriers to adaptation action, including technical, economic and political issues that reveal inequalities in adaptive capacity among case studies.
文摘A new method of adaptable rendering for interaction in Virtual Environment(VE) through different visual acuity equations is proposed. An acuity factor equation of luminance vision is first given. Secondly, five equations which calculate the visual acuity through visual acuity factors are presented, and adaptive rendering strategy based on different visual acuity equations is given. The VE system may select one of them on the basis of the host’s load, hereby select LOD for each model which would be rendered. A coarser LOD is selected where the visual acuity is lower, and a better LOD is used where it is higher. This method is tested through experiments and the experimental results show that it is effective.
基金Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (10dz1210600), the National Sea Welfare Project (201005019-09), the Natural Science Foundation of China (41476075, 41340044), and the China Geological Survey (12120115043101 ).
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0802204,2019YFE0124700)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Fujian(2020J05078)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41906127 and 42076163)。
文摘Mangrove distribution along shorelines shows distinct zonation patterns;thus,different communities may face various influences from sea level rise(SLR)and land use.However,long-term change predictions are usually based only on the total extent of mangroves.Few studies have revealed how SLR and land development such as agriculture,aquaculture,and urbanization jointly affect different intertidal mangrove communities.This study proposed a novel framework combining SLAMM(Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model)and the CLUE-S(Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small regional extent)model to assess the potential impacts on upper and lower intertidal mangrove communities.Maoweihai in Guangxi,China,was selected as the study area and the potential impacts from the squeeze effect and mangrove expansion potential were evaluated.We established three scenarios combining SLR and land use patterns to predict mangrove coverage projections by 2070.The results showed that,under a single SLR driver,the upper intertidal mangroves would be more adaptive to rapid SLR than the lower intertidal mangroves.However,under the combined influence of the two drivers,the upper intertidal mangroves would experience larger squeeze effects than the lower intertidal mangroves,with up to 80.5%of suitable habitat lost.Moreover,the expansion potential of upper intertidal mangroves would be considerably more limited than that of lower intertidal mangroves.The length of the expandable habitat patch boundary of upper intertidal mangroves only reached 1.4–1.8 km,while that of the lower intertidal mangroves reached up to99.2–111.2 km.Further,we found that aquaculture ponds and cropland are the top two land development types that could occupy suitable habitat and restrict the mangrove expansion potential.Our results highlight that timely improvement of land use policies to create available landward accommodation space for mangrove migration is essential to maintain the coverage and diversity of mangrove communities under SLR.The proposed method can be a helpful tool for adaptive mangrove conservation and management under climate change.
文摘This paper tried to analyse and verify the fuzzy adaptive control strategy of electronic control air suspension system for heavy truck. Created the seven-freedoms vehicle suspension model, and the road input model; with Matlab/Simulink toolboxes and modules, built dynamical system simulation model for heavy truck with air suspension, fuzzy adaptive control model, height control model for air spring, and intelligent control and analyse on root mean square value of acceleration of gravity center of the vehicle under excitation of road. Results show that the fuzzy control had less help to the body vibration on the better pavement, but had the better benefit on the bad road, and the vehicle’s root mean square value of acceleration of gravity center is less than passive suspension’s obviously.