In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Poin...In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/Cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and Esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/23.Using yearly count data of breeding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of breeding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies studied.However,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining colonies.Moreover,the index of breeding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to breeding pairs,exhibited no apparent trend throughout the study period.However,it displayed greater variability at Martin Point compared to the other two colonies under investigation.Although the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average breeding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).Consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the declining trend observed,at least in the Stranger Point and Esperanza colonies.However,we cannot rule out local effects during the breeding season affecting the Adélie population of Martin Point.展开更多
A test of the adding up condition in demand systems is crucial for determining whether a share format is admissible when the number of sample goods is smaller than the number of commodity choices available to consumer...A test of the adding up condition in demand systems is crucial for determining whether a share format is admissible when the number of sample goods is smaller than the number of commodity choices available to consumers. This test requires the estimation of a demand system in a quantity format. It cannot be performed when a demand system is specified in share format. The share specification of any demand system is like a straight jacket: once worn, it forces the error covariance matrix to be singular and the adding up condition to hold whether or not the data generating process warrants it. The empirical verification of the adding up hypothesis uses a five-commodity sample selected from the Canadian Family Expenditure Survey with 4847 observations. Three specifications are considered: AIDS (Almost Ideal Demand System), QUAIDS (Quadratic AIDS) and EASI (Exact Affine Stone Index). The hypothesis is rejected in all three cases with a high level of confidence.展开更多
We propose a new scheme on modulating the lasing performance of a quantum dot-cavity system. Compared to the conventional above-band pump, in our new scheme an additional resonant driving field is applied on the quant...We propose a new scheme on modulating the lasing performance of a quantum dot-cavity system. Compared to the conventional above-band pump, in our new scheme an additional resonant driving field is applied on the quantum dot-cavity system. By employing the master equation theory and the Jaynes-Cummings model, we are able to study the interesting phenomenon of the coupling system. To compare the different behaviors between using our new scheme and the conventional method,we carry out investigatioin for both the 'good system'and 'more realistic system', characterizing several important parameters, such as the cavity population, exciton population and the second-order correlation function at zero time delay. Through numerical simulations,we demonstrate that for both the good system and more realistic system, their lasing regimes can be displaced into other regimes in the presence of a resonant driving field.展开更多
Numerous types of research on healthcare monitoring systems have been conducted for calculating heart rate,ECG,nasal/oral airflow,temperature,light sensor,and fall detection sensor.Different researchers have done diff...Numerous types of research on healthcare monitoring systems have been conducted for calculating heart rate,ECG,nasal/oral airflow,temperature,light sensor,and fall detection sensor.Different researchers have done different work in the field of health monitoring with sensor networks.Different researchers used built-in apps,such as some used a small number of parameters,while some other studies used more than one microcontroller and used senders and receivers among the microcontrollers to communicate,and outdated tools for study development.While no efficient,cheap,and updated work is proposed in the field of sensor-based health monitoring systems.Therefore,this study developed an android-based mobile system that can remotely monitor electrocardiograms(ECGs),pulse oximetry,heart rate,and body temperature.The microcontroller’s Wi-Fi device is used to manage wireless data transport.The findings of the patient are saved on the Firebase server for further usage in the mobile app.The performance of the proposed device is tested on ten numbers of different patients age-wise in terms of beats per minute(BPM),ECG,Temperature,and SpO2.This system uses temperature,pulse,ECG,blood pressure,and eye blink sensors.This device makes the usage of a tiny pulse sensor that has been designed to provide an accurate and optimal readout of the pulse rate and a temperature sensor is also included.With the help of an MCU,our system measures the pulse rate in beats per minute(bpm),blood oxygen level temperature measurements,and ECG readings and communicates this information to the Firebase server.To check the performance of the proposed system first,the BPM parameter was checked on the cardiac monitor.Then,the proposed model is tested on different patients age-wise.The simulation result shows that the BPM reading is not much different than the BPM of the cardiac monitor.According to the simulation findings,the proposed model achieved the best performance as compared to commercially available devices.展开更多
在无中心节点网络中可能存在不同类型的业务,部分高优先级业务具有严格的时延等服务质量(quality of service,QoS)需求。但当网络负载较重时,冲突概率明显提高,使得这些业务的需求难以得到保障,如何设计高效的多址接入协议以保证不同种...在无中心节点网络中可能存在不同类型的业务,部分高优先级业务具有严格的时延等服务质量(quality of service,QoS)需求。但当网络负载较重时,冲突概率明显提高,使得这些业务的需求难以得到保障,如何设计高效的多址接入协议以保证不同种类业务的服务质量是重要的研究方向。信道预约机制是保证QoS的重要方法,但现有信道预约机制对多种业务服务时,通常没有根据服务质量需求和网络状况精细调整预约参数。因此针对以上问题提出了一种面向差异化业务保障的信道预约MAC协议(differentiated service guarantee adaptive reservation mechanism,DSGARM),协议核心思想是针对每种业务的容忍时延需求和网络状况精细提供差异化服务,协议中通过建立的数学模型设计自适应算法,定量计算出满足时延需求的预约参数,能够根据网络状况自适应调整合适的预约参数以保障每一类业务的时延需求。仿真结果说明了提出协议的优势,具有较大的实际意义。展开更多
基金Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica(Grant:PICTO 2010-0111)the Instituto Antártico Argentino-Dirección Nacional del Antártico(PINST-05)provided financial and logistical support.
文摘In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at Martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/Cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and Esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/23.Using yearly count data of breeding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of breeding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies studied.However,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining colonies.Moreover,the index of breeding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to breeding pairs,exhibited no apparent trend throughout the study period.However,it displayed greater variability at Martin Point compared to the other two colonies under investigation.Although the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average breeding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).Consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the declining trend observed,at least in the Stranger Point and Esperanza colonies.However,we cannot rule out local effects during the breeding season affecting the Adélie population of Martin Point.
文摘A test of the adding up condition in demand systems is crucial for determining whether a share format is admissible when the number of sample goods is smaller than the number of commodity choices available to consumers. This test requires the estimation of a demand system in a quantity format. It cannot be performed when a demand system is specified in share format. The share specification of any demand system is like a straight jacket: once worn, it forces the error covariance matrix to be singular and the adding up condition to hold whether or not the data generating process warrants it. The empirical verification of the adding up hypothesis uses a five-commodity sample selected from the Canadian Family Expenditure Survey with 4847 observations. Three specifications are considered: AIDS (Almost Ideal Demand System), QUAIDS (Quadratic AIDS) and EASI (Exact Affine Stone Index). The hypothesis is rejected in all three cases with a high level of confidence.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11274178,61475197 and 61590932the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions under Grant No 15KJA120002+1 种基金the outstanding Youth Project of Jiangsu Province under Grant No BK20150039the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions under Grant No YX002001
文摘We propose a new scheme on modulating the lasing performance of a quantum dot-cavity system. Compared to the conventional above-band pump, in our new scheme an additional resonant driving field is applied on the quantum dot-cavity system. By employing the master equation theory and the Jaynes-Cummings model, we are able to study the interesting phenomenon of the coupling system. To compare the different behaviors between using our new scheme and the conventional method,we carry out investigatioin for both the 'good system'and 'more realistic system', characterizing several important parameters, such as the cavity population, exciton population and the second-order correlation function at zero time delay. Through numerical simulations,we demonstrate that for both the good system and more realistic system, their lasing regimes can be displaced into other regimes in the presence of a resonant driving field.
基金Deputyship for Research&Innovation,Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the Project Number 223202.
文摘Numerous types of research on healthcare monitoring systems have been conducted for calculating heart rate,ECG,nasal/oral airflow,temperature,light sensor,and fall detection sensor.Different researchers have done different work in the field of health monitoring with sensor networks.Different researchers used built-in apps,such as some used a small number of parameters,while some other studies used more than one microcontroller and used senders and receivers among the microcontrollers to communicate,and outdated tools for study development.While no efficient,cheap,and updated work is proposed in the field of sensor-based health monitoring systems.Therefore,this study developed an android-based mobile system that can remotely monitor electrocardiograms(ECGs),pulse oximetry,heart rate,and body temperature.The microcontroller’s Wi-Fi device is used to manage wireless data transport.The findings of the patient are saved on the Firebase server for further usage in the mobile app.The performance of the proposed device is tested on ten numbers of different patients age-wise in terms of beats per minute(BPM),ECG,Temperature,and SpO2.This system uses temperature,pulse,ECG,blood pressure,and eye blink sensors.This device makes the usage of a tiny pulse sensor that has been designed to provide an accurate and optimal readout of the pulse rate and a temperature sensor is also included.With the help of an MCU,our system measures the pulse rate in beats per minute(bpm),blood oxygen level temperature measurements,and ECG readings and communicates this information to the Firebase server.To check the performance of the proposed system first,the BPM parameter was checked on the cardiac monitor.Then,the proposed model is tested on different patients age-wise.The simulation result shows that the BPM reading is not much different than the BPM of the cardiac monitor.According to the simulation findings,the proposed model achieved the best performance as compared to commercially available devices.
文摘在无中心节点网络中可能存在不同类型的业务,部分高优先级业务具有严格的时延等服务质量(quality of service,QoS)需求。但当网络负载较重时,冲突概率明显提高,使得这些业务的需求难以得到保障,如何设计高效的多址接入协议以保证不同种类业务的服务质量是重要的研究方向。信道预约机制是保证QoS的重要方法,但现有信道预约机制对多种业务服务时,通常没有根据服务质量需求和网络状况精细调整预约参数。因此针对以上问题提出了一种面向差异化业务保障的信道预约MAC协议(differentiated service guarantee adaptive reservation mechanism,DSGARM),协议核心思想是针对每种业务的容忍时延需求和网络状况精细提供差异化服务,协议中通过建立的数学模型设计自适应算法,定量计算出满足时延需求的预约参数,能够根据网络状况自适应调整合适的预约参数以保障每一类业务的时延需求。仿真结果说明了提出协议的优势,具有较大的实际意义。