The Njiki’s Fundamental Theorem-Definition on Fractions in the Mathematical Set ℚ and by Extension in ℝ and ℂ, for the Purpose of Leading to the Construction of Some Algebraic Structures as Its Theoretical Applications and for the Practical Ones

The purpose of the research in the NJIKI’s fundamental THEOREM-DEFINITION on fractions in the mathematical set ℚand by extension in ℝand ℂand in order to construct some algebraic structures is about the proved EXISTENCE and the DEFINITION by NJIKI of two INNOVATIVE, IMPORTANT and TEACHABLE operations of addition or additive operations, in ℚ, marked ⊕and +α,β, and taken as VECTORIAL, TRIANGULAR, of THREE or PROPORTIONAL operations and in order to make THEM not be different from the RATIONAL ONE, +, but to bring much more and new information on fractions, and, by extension in ℝand ℂ. And the very NJIKI’s fundamental THEOREM-DEFINITION having many APPLICATIONS in the everyday life of the HUMAN BEINGS and without talking about computer sciences, henceforth being supplied with very interesting new ALGORITHMS. And as for the work done in the research, it will be waiting for its extension to be done after publication and along with the research results concerned.

Entropy-based procedures for intuitionistic fuzzy multiple attribute decision making

The class of multiple attribute decision making （MADM） problems is studied, where the attribute values are intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, and the information about attribute weights is completely unknown. A score function is first used to calculate the score of each attribute value and a score matrix is constructed, and then it is transformed into a normalized score matrix. Based on the normalized score matrix, an entropy-based procedure is proposed to derive attribute weights. Furthermore, the additive weighted averaging operator is utilized to fuse all the normalized scores into the overall scores of alternatives, by which the ranking of all the given alternatives is obtained. This paper is concluded by extending the above results to interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set theory, and an illustrative example is also provided.

Additive Maps Preserving Similarity of Operators on Banach Spaces

Let X be an infinite-dimensional complex Banach space and denote by B（X） the algebra of all bounded linear operators acting on X. It is shown that a surjective additive map Φ from B（X） onto itself preserves similarity in both directions if and only if there exist a scalar c, a bounded invertible linear or conjugate linear operator A and a similarity invariant additive functional ψ on B（X） such that either Φ（T） = cATA^-1 ＋ ψ（T）I for all T, or Φ（T） = cAT＊A^-1 ＋ ψ（T）I for all T. In the case where X has infinite multiplicity, in particular, when X is an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, the above similarity invariant additive functional ψ is always zero.

An Efficient Operator-Splitting Method for Noise Removal in Images

In this work,noise removal in digital images is investigated.The importance of this problem lies in the fact that removal of noise is a necessary pre-processing step for other image processing tasks such as edge detection,image segmentation,image compression,classification problems,image registration etc.A number of different approaches have been proposed in the literature.In this work,a non-linear PDE-based algorithm is developed based on the ideas proposed by Lysaker,Osher and Tai[IEEE Trans.Image Process.,13(2004),1345-1357].This algorithm consists of two steps:flow field smoothing of the normal vectors,followed by image reconstruction.We propose a finite-difference based additive operator-splitting method that allows for much larger time-steps.This results in an efficient method for noise-removal that is shown to have good visual results.The energy is studied as an objective measure of the algorithm performance.

Net Operations (Ⅱ)-The Iterated Addition Operation of Petri Nets

This paper presents the iterated addition operation of Petri nets and dis-cusses its application in analysis and synthesis of cycle type systems and star type systems. A group of necessary and sufficient conditions for analysis of structural properties is obtained. In addition sufficient conditions for general systems are obtained.

A novel improved SLM scheme of the PAPR reduction technology in CO-OFDM systems

The higher peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) is a major shortcoming of coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CO-OFDM) systems. Selective mapping(SLM) technology can effectively reduce the probability of high PAPR, but it has higher computational complexity, and requires additional bandwidth to transmit the side information, which will affect the transmission efficiency of the system. In response to these shortcomings, a novel improved SLM(NI-SLM) scheme with low complexity and without side information is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can exponentially reduce the computational complexity, and the bit error rate(BER) performance can greatly approach the original signal. What's more, it shows the better PAPR reduction performance.